prashna- mundan sanskar ka kya mahatva hai? yah bachche ki kis ayu men aur kab-kab kiya ja sakta hai? ise karne se kya labh hota hai aur nahin karne se kya dosh lagta hai? iski shastrasammat vidhi bhi vistarpurvak bataen. hindu dharm ke anusar 16 mukhya sanskaron men se ek sanskar mundan bhi hai. shishu jab janm leta hai tab uske sir par garbh ke samay se hi kuch kesh pae jate hain jo ashuddh mane jate hain. hindu dharm ke anusar manav jivan 84 lakh yoniyon ke bad milta hai. pichle sabhi janmon ke rinon ko utarne tatha pichle janmon ke pap karmon se mukti ke uddeshya se uske janmakalin kesh kate jate hain. mundan ke vakt kahin-kahin shikha chorne ka bhi prayojan hai, jiske piche manyata yah hai ki isse dimag ki raksha hoti hai.
sath hi, isse rahu grah ki shanti hoti hai, jiske falasvarup sir thanda rahta hai. mundan se labh bal katvane se sharir ki anavashyak garmi nikal jati hai, dimag v sir thanda rahta hai v bachchane men dant niklte samay hone vala sir dard v talu ka kanpna band ho jata hai. sharir par aur visheshakar sir par vitamin-di (dhup ke rup) men parne se koshikaen jagrat hokar khun ka prasaran achchi tarah kar pati hain jinse bhavishya men ane vale kesh behatar hote hain. sanskar karma: sarva pratham shishu athva balak ko god men lekar uska chehra havan ki agni ke pashchim men kiya jata hai. pahle kuch kesh pandit ke hath se aur fir nai dvara kate jate hain. is avasar par ganesh pujan, havan, ayushya hom adi pandit ji se karvaya jata hai.
fir bal katne vale ko, pandit adi ko arti ke pashchat bhojan v dan dakshina di jati hai. kahan karen? uÿar bharat men adhikatar ganga tat par, durga mandiron ke prangan men tatha dakshin bharat men tirupti balaji mandir tatha gurujan devta ke mandiron men manudan sanskar kiya jata hai. sanskar ke bad keshon ko do puriyon ke bich rakhakar jal men pravahit kar diya jata hai. kahin-kahin kesh vaise hi visarjit kar die jate hain. jab surya makar, kunbh, mesh, vrish tatha mithun rashiyon men ho, tab mundan shubh mana jata hai. parantu bare larke ka mundan jab surya vrish rashi par ho aur man 5 mah ki garbhavati ho, tab us varsh nahin karna chahie. mundan sanskar shishuon ke bhavi jivan ka ek pramukh aur sarvadhik mahatvapurn sanskar hai. sanskar bhaskar ke anusar: ‘‘garbhadhan matashch punsvnkan simant jatamidhe namaranyan sah nishkramen ch tatha annaprashnan karm ch. churaranyan vratabandh kopyath chaturved vratanan purah, keshantah savisirgakah parinyah syat shodshi karmanam’’..
janm ke pashchat pratham varsh ke ant ya fir tisre, panchven ya satven varsh ki samapti ke purva shishu ka mundan sanskar karna amtaur par prachlit hai kyonki hindu dharm shastra ke anusar ek varsh se kam umra men mundan karne se shishu ke svasthya par bura prabhav parta hai. sath hi amangal hone ka bhay bana rahta hai. kul paranpra ke anusar mundan sanskar: kul paranpra ke anusar pratham, tritiya, pancham ya saptam varsh men bhi manudan sanskar karne ka vidhan hai. shastriya evan pauranik manyataen yah hain ki shishu ke mastishk ko pusht karne, buddhi men vriddhi karne tatha garbhavastha ki ashuchiyon ko dur kar manvtavadi adarshon ko pratishthapit karne hetu mundan sanskar kiya jata hai. iska uddeshya buddhi, vidya, bal, ayu aur tej ki vriddhi karna hai. devasthan aur tirth sthal par mundan ka mahatva: mundan sanskar kisi devasthal ya tirth sthal par islie karaya jata hai ki us sthal ke divya vatavaran ka labh shishu ko mile tatha uske man men suvicharon ki utpatti ho.
ashvalayan grih sutra ke anusar: mundan sanskar se dirgh ayu ki prapti hoti hai. shishu sundar tatha kalyankari karyon ki or pravriÿa hoene vala banta hai. ‘‘ten te ayushe vayami sushlokay svastaye’’. ashvalayan grihyasutra 1/17/12 jis shishu ka mundan sanskar sahi samay evan shubh muhurt men nahin kiya jata hai usmen bauddhik vikas evan tej shakti ka abhav paya jata hai. islie shishu ka mundan shastriya vidhi se avashya kiya jana chahie. ullekhniya hai ki mundan sanskar vastutah mastishk ki puja abhivandna hai. mastishk ka sarvashreshth upyog karna hi buddhimatta hai. shubh vicharon ko dharan karne vala vyakti paropkar ya punya ka labh pata hai aur ashubh vicharane ko man men bhare rahne vala vyakti papi banakar ishvar ke dand aur kop ka bhagi banta hai. yahan tak ki apni jivan prakriya ko nashta-bhrasht kar dalta hai. is tarah mastishk ka sadupyog hi mundan sanskar ka vastavik uddeshya hai.
narad sanhita ke anusar: tritiye panchmavdeva svakulacharto'pi va. balanan janmatah karyan chailmavatsaratrayat.. balkon ka mundan janm se tin varsh se pancham varsh athva kulachar ke anusar karna chahie. saumyayne nastagayor surasur mantrineah. aparva riktatithishu shukrekshejyenduvasre.. mundan sanskar surya ki uÿarayan avastha tatha guru aur shukra ki uditavastha men, purnima, rikta se mukt tithi tatha shukravar, budhvar, guruvar ya chandravar ko karna chahie. dastraditijya chandrendra bhani shubhanyatah. chail karmani hastakshottrini trinich vishnubhat.. patthabandhan chailann prashne chopnayne. shubhdan janm nakshatrashubhra tvanya karmani.. arthat chailakarm (mundn) sanskar ke lie ashvini, punarvasu, pushya, mrigshira, jyeshtha, revti, hast, chitra, svati, shravan, dhanishtha tatha shatbhisha nakshatra shubh hain. dharm sindhu ke anusar: janm mas aur adhik mas (malmas) tatha jyeshth putra ka jyeshth mahine men mundan karna ashubh kaha gaya hai.
balak ki mata garbhavati ho aur balak ki umra panach varsh se kam ho to mundan nahin karna chahie. mata garbhavati ho aur balak ki umra 5 varsh se adhik ho to mundan sanskara chahie. yadi mata ko 5 mahine se kam ka garbh ho, to mundan ho sakta hai. yadi mata rajasvala ho, to uski shanti karvakar mundan sanskar karna chahie. mata-pita ke dehant ke bad vihit samay (chah mahine bad) uÿarayan men mundan karna chahie. mundan se purva nandi mukh shraddh ka bhi varnan hai. kisi prakar ka sutak hone par mundan varjit hai. mundan ke bad tin mahine tak pind dan athva tarpan varjit hai. parantu kshayah shraddh varjit nahin hai. mundan ke samay balak ko vastrabhushnon se vibhushit nahin karna chahie. smaraniya hai ki churakaran (mundn) men tara ka prabal hona chandrama se bhi adhik avashyak hai. ‘‘vivahe savita shasto vratbandhe brihaspatiah. kshaure tara vishuddhishch sheeshe chandra balan balam..’’ - jyotirnibandh nirnay sindhu ke anusar: garbhadhan ke tisre, panchven tatha dusre varsh men bhi mundan kiya jata hai.
parantu janm se tisre varsh men shreshth aur janm se panchven ya satven varsh men madhyam mana jata hai. parijat men brihaspati ka kahna hai ki surya uÿarayan ho, visheshakar saumya golak ho; to shukla paksh men mundan karana shreshth aur krishn paksh ki pancham tithi tak samanya mana gaya hai. vashishth ke anusar tithi 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11 ya 13 ko mundan karana chahie. nrisinh puran ke anusar tithi 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15 ya 30 ko mundan karm nindit hai. vashishth ke anusar ravivar, manglvar aur shanivar mundan ke lie varjit hain. halanki jyotirbandh men brihaspati ka vachan hai ki pap grahon ke var men brahmanon ke lie ravivar, kshatriyon ke lie manglvar tatha vaishyon aur shudron ke lie shanivar shubh hai.
janm nakshatra men mundan karm ho, to maran aur ashtam chandra ke samay ho, to nak men vikar kaha gaya hai. mundan sanskar muhurta: janm ya garbhadhan se 1, 3, 5, 7 ityadi visham varshon men kulachar ke anusar, surya ki uÿarayan avastha men jatak ka mundan sanskar karna chahie. shubh mahina: chaitra (min sankranti varjit), vaishakh, jyeshth (jyeshth putra hetu nahin), asharh (shukla 11 se purva), magh tatha falgun. janm mas tyajya. shubh tithi: shukla paksh - 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13 krishn paksh - panchmi tak shubh din: somvar, budhvar, guruvar, shuakravar shubh nakshatra: ashvini, mrigshira, punarvasu, pushya, hast, chitra, svati, jyeshtha, abhijit, shravan, dhanishtha, shatbhisha, revti (janmakrsh shubh tatha viddhakrsh vajrya). shubh yog: siddhi yog, amrit yog, sarvarth siddhi yog, rajyaprad yog. shubh rashi evan lagn athva navansh lagna: vrish, mithun, kark, vrishchik, dhanu, min shubh hain.
is lagn ke gochar men bhav 1, 4, 7, 10 evan 5, 9 men shubh grah tatha bhav 3, 6, 11 men pap grah ke rahne se mundan ka muhurt shubh mana jata hai. parantu mundan ka lagn janm rashi janm lagn ko chorakar hona chahie. dhyan rahe, chandra bhav 4, 6, 8, 12 men nahin ho. rishi parashar ke anusar mundan janm mas aur janm nakshatra ko chor kar karna chahie. samast shubh karyon men tyajya:
û janm nakshatra, janm tithi, janm mas, shraddh divas (mata-pita ka mrityu din) chiÿa bhang, rog.
û kshay tithi, vriddhi tithi, kshay mas, adhik mas, kshay varsh, dagdha tithi, amavasya tithi.
û vishkunbh yog ki pratham 5 ghatikaen, parigh yog ka purvarddh, shul yog ki pratham 7 ghatikaen, gand aur ati gand ki 6 ghatikaen evan vyaghat yog ki pratham 8 ghatikaen, harshan aur vraj yog ki 9 ghatikaen tatha vyatipat aur vaidhriti yog samast shubhkaryon ke lie tyajya hain. matantar se vishkunbh ki 3, shul ki 5, gand aur ati gand ki 7, tatha vyaghat aur vajra ki 9 ghatikaen shubh karyon men tyajya hain.
û mahapat ke samay men bhi karya n karen.
û tithi, nakshatra aur lagn in tinon prakar ka gandant ka samay û bhadra (vishtikrn) tithi, nakshatra tatha din ke paraspar bane kai dusht yogon ki talika: uparyukt yogon ka bhi shubh karya men tyag karna chahie.
û pap grah yukt, pap bhukt aur pap grah viddh nakshatra evan nakshatron ki vish sangyak ghatikaen.
û pap grah yukt chandra, pap yukt lagn ka navansh.
û janm rashi, janm lagan se ashtam lagn, dusht sthan 4, 8, 12 ka chandra aur kshin chandra varjit hai.
û lagnesh 6, 8, 12 n ho, janmesh aur lagnesh ast nahin hon, pap grahon ka kartari yog bhi varjit hai.
û masant din, sabhi nakshatron ke adi ki 2 ghatikaen, tithi ke ant ki ek ghati aur lagn ke ant ki adhi ghari shubh karyon men varjit hai.
û jis nakshatra men grah ya papi grahon ka yuddh hua ho vah shubh karyon men chah mahine tak nahin lena chahie. grahon ki ek rashi tatha ansh, kaladi sam hone par grah yuddh kaha jata hai.
û grahan ke pahle 3 din aur bad ke 6 din varjit hain. grahan nakshatra varjit, grahan khagras ho to us nakshatra men chah mas, arddhagras ho to 3 mas, chaithai grahan ho, to 1 mas tatha udyoday aur astast ho, to 3 din pahle aur 3 din bad tak koi shubh karya n karen.
û guru shukra ka ast, balya, vriddhatva, gurvaditya samay bhi shubh karyon men tyajya hain. balya aur vriddhatva ke 3 din varjaniya hain.
û krishn paksh 14 ke chandra varddhikya, amavas ke ast aur shukla ekam ke balya chandra ke samay bhi shubh karya n karen.
û rikta tithiyan (4, 9, 14), dagdha tithiyan, bhadra yukt tithiyan, vyatipat aur vaidhriti evan arddhaprahra yukt samay shubh karyon evan khasakar mundan ke lie varjit hain.
atah jivan ke aranbh kal men jo bal janm ke sath utpann hote hain, ve pashuta ke suchak mane jate hain. inhen shubh muhurt men bal katane se jahan vah pashuta samapt hoti hai vahin manvochit gunon ki prakhrta ke sath buddhi aur gyan ki bhi vriddhi hoti hai. ‘‘mundan sanskar karane se labh, n karane se dosh’’ah mundan sanskar ka dharmik mahatva to hai hi, vigyan ki drishti se bhi yah sanskar ati avashyak hai, kyonki sharir vigyan ke anusar yah samay balak ke dantadi niklne ka samay hota hai. is karan balak ko kai prakar ke rog hone ki sanbhavna rahti hai.
aksar is samay balak men nirbalata, chirchirapan adi utpann aur use daston tatha bal jharne ki shikayat lagti hai. mundan karane se balak ke sharir ka tapman samanya ho jane se anek sharirik tatha svasthya sanbandhi samasyaon jaise fore, fanusi, daston adi se balak ki raksha hoti hai. yajurved ke anusar yah sanskar bal, ayu, arogya tatha tej ki vriddhi ke lie kie jane vala ati mahatvapurn sanskar hai. maharshi charak ne likha hai- ‘‘paushtikan vrishyamayushyan shuchi rupvirajanam. keshashyaktuvkhdinan kalpanan sanprasadhanam..’’ mundan sanskar, nakhun katne aur bal sanvarne tatha balon ko saf rakhne se pushti, vrishyata, ayu, pavitrata aur sundrta ki vriddhi hoti hai. mundan sanskar ko dosh parimarjan ke lie bhi param avashyak mana gaya hai.
garbhavastha men jo bal utpann hote hain un sabko dur karke manudan sanskar ke dvara balak ko sanskarit shiksha ke yogya banaya jata hai. isilie kaha gaya hai ki manudan sanskar ke dvara apatrikaran ke dosh ka nivaran hota hai. ‘‘mundan sanskar ki shastrokt vidhi’’: mundan sanskar ke devta prajapti hain tatha agni ka nam shuchi hai. samagri ke rup men gay ka dudh, dahi, ghi, kalava, guntha ata, ek sath tin-tin bandhe hue 24 kush, thanda-garm pani, sehi ka kanta, kanse ki thali, rakt vrishabh ka gobar, lauh aur tamra mishrit chura tatha anya sarvadev puja ki prachlit samagri ka upyog kiya jae. shubh din tatha shubh muhurt men mata-pita svayan snanadi se nivritt hokar shuddh aur svachch vastradi dharan karen. balak ko bhi do shuddh uÿam vastra pahnaen tatha balak ko mundan ke pashchat pahnane hetu nae vastra bhi rakhen.
mundan sanskar men prayog ane vali samagri is prakar hai- shital evan gunguna garam pani, makkhan, shuddh ghi, dudh, dahi, kanghi, kush, ustara, gochar, kanse ka patra, shaili, mauli, akshat, pushp, durva, dipak, naivedya, ritufal, chandan, shuddh keshar, rui, fulmala, char prakar ke rang, havan samagri, samidha, urad dal, puja ki sabut supari, shrifal, deshi pan ke paÿo, laung, ilaychi, deshi kapur, meva, panchamrit, madhu, chini, gangajal, kalash, chaiki, tel, pranita patra, prokshani patra, purnapatra, lal ya pila kapra, sugandhit dravya, panch pallav, pancharatn, saptamriÿiaka, sarvaushdhi, varan dravya, dhoti, kurta, mala, panchpatra, gomukhi, kharaun adi kapra vedi chandoya ka, ret ya mitti, sarson, asan, thali, katori tatha nariyal.
churakarm se purva brahm muhurt men mandap men kansya patra men rakt bail ka gobar tatha dudh athva dahi dala jata hai. iske pashchat usesvachch vastra se dhaka jata hai. fir usi sthan par kshur, 27 kush aur tin shallaki kant rakhna chahie. fir pile vastra se balak ke sir men bandhne ke lie durva, sarson, akshatayukt panch potlikaen adi lal mauli se bandhakar rakhe jate hain. fir balak ko snan karvakar mata ki god men baithaya jata hai v pita se acharya ke dvara pujan praranbh karaya jata hai. sankalp karvakar devtaon ka pujan kar balak ke dakshin disha ke balon ko shallaki kant se tin bhagakar punah ek banakar panch viniyog kiya jata hai. is prakar pratishthit kar dakshin ke kram se sir men potlika ko acharya dvara bandha jata hai.
yah sanskar ayu tatha parakram ki prapti ke lie kiya jata hai. churakarm men balak ke kul dharmanusar shikha rakhne ka vidhan hai. yah sanskar balak ke tisre ya panchven visham varsh men shubh din men jab chandra tara anukul hon tab yajman ko acharya ke dvara karana chahie. yajman dvara punah sankalp kar devtaon ka pujan karna chahie, pashchat brahman ko ‘vrito'smi’ kahen. churakaran sanskar men kush kandika hom purvavat kar sabhya nam se agni ka pujan karen. ajyahuti, vyahriti hom, prayashchit hom purvavat karen. hom ke pashchat purn patra sankalp karen. tatpashchat yajman dvara brahman ko samagri dan dekar pita garm jal se shishu ya balak ke kesh ko dhoen. punah dahi aur makkhan se bal dhokar dakshin kram se thande v garam jal se punah dhona chahie.
is prakar mishrodak se dhokar dakshin bhag ko jutika ko shalla ki kant se tin bhag kar pratyek men ek-ek kush lagana chahie. kushyukt balon ko baen hath men rakhakar dahine hath men kshur grahan kar viniyog karna chahie. pashchat kshur ko grahan karna chahie. fir jutika ko ekatra kar dakshin men kesh chedan ke lie viniyog kar chorna chahie. tin kush sahit bal katakar kanse ki thali men rakt vrishabh ke gobar ke upar rakhna chahie. punah pashchimadi jutikaon ko bhi purvokt mantron dvara dhokar ekatra karna chahie. fir pashchim ke bal katne ka vinyog karte hue bal katakar gobar ke upar rakhna chahie. punah purva ke balon ko viniyog kar purva gobar ke upar rakhna chahie. punah purva ke balon ko viniyog kar purva ke bal katakar uÿar ke balon ko katne ka viniyog kar madhya men gopad tulya golakar bal shikha ke lie chorakar anya balon ko katakar sab balon ko gobar men rakhakar jal sthan, gaushala ya talab men rakhna chahie.
punah snan kar purnahuti karna chahie. pashchat kshur se tryayush nikalakar dharan hetu viniyog kar dahine hath ki anamika aur angushth se acharya dvara yajman ko saprivar tryayush lagaya jana chahie pashchat acharya dvara bhojnoprant yajman ko ashirvad diya jana chahie. sanskar chahe kisi bhi rishi, vidvan, chintak dvara banae gae hon, sadaiv grahan karne yogya hota hai. aj dharm ke nam par bahut si kuritiyan vyavhar men a gai hain. hamen un kuritiyon ko tyagna chahie dharm ko nahin, susanskaron ko nahin. dharm hamen sahishnuta, tyag, balidan, sayanm, vrat aur upvas ki shiksha deta hai. vah hamen kupravriÿiayon ko niyantrit karne ki samajh deta hai, sanskarit karta hai aur yah sikhata hai ki agar ham apne bhitar panpte avgunon ko balpurvak nahin dabaenge to hamari sharirik urja ka ek bara bhag yon hi vyarth chala jaega.
ye kupravriÿiayan keval sharir ko hi nahin balki man ko bhi dushit karti hain. isse atmik vikas evan samajik unnati ka marg avruddh ho jata hai. yadi ham sanskaron ki spasht avhelna karte hain, unke viprit karya karne ka prayas karte hain, to ham hriday ki suchita ko nahin samajh sakte hain. islie sanskar hi vah madhyam hai jo hamare andar manvochit gunon aur pavitrata ka ka sanchar karte hain. sanskar janm janmantar tak astitva men bana rahta hai. ant men kaha ja sakta hai ki mundan sanskar karne v karvane se labh hi milte hain atah vidhi vidhan se bachche ka mundan sanskar karna chahie.