jivan men purusharth aur bhagya donon ka hi alg-alag mahatva hai. ye thik hai ki purusharth ki bhumika bhagya se kahin adhik mahatvapurn hai lekin isse bhagya ka mahatva kisi bhi tarah se kam nahin ho jata. vaidik jyotish men kisi vyakti ki janmakundli ka pancham bhav tatha panchmesh uske sanchit kie gaye karmon ko suchit karta hai. vyakti ke prarabdh ke bare men uski janmakundli ke navam bhav tatha navmesh ki sthiti se pata chalta hai. karm vibhajan aur unka adhar aksar ham log sunte ae hain ki hamare pichle janmon ka fal hamen is janm men mil raha hai aur is janm ke kie gae karmon ka fal agle janm men prapt hoga ya fir ye ki kalyug men is janm ke falon ka bhugtan hamen isi janm men prapt hota hai. karmon ki tin shreniyan kahi gai hain- sanchit karm, kriyaman karm aur prarabdh.
jo karm ab ham log kar rahe hain ve vartaman men kriyaman hain, jo bina falit hue arthat jinka abhi hamen koi fal prapt nahin hua hai vo hain hamare sanchit karm. inhin sanchit karmon men se jo karm hamen fal dene lagte hain unhen prarabdh kaha jata hai. jo karm is samay arthat vartaman men kar rahe hain ve kriyaman hain, thodi der men yah vartaman kal bhutkal ban jaega to us samay ye kriyaman karm sanchit karmon men tabdil ho jaenge. yahan sanchit ka arth hai - ikattha kiya hua. kriyaman karm ka ant hokar vo sanchit ho jata hai aur unhin sanchit men se jo karm fal dene lagte hain, unko prarabdh kaha jata hai. samjho ki dor hath se chut gai. uska fal to apko milna nishchit hai. ‘‘avashyamev bhoktavyan kritan karm shubhashubhm’’ karm ka dusra vibhag hai ‘‘prarabdha’’. ye ve karm hain jinka fal hamen apne isi janm men hi bhogna hota hai. shastron men inhin ko utpatti karm bhi kaha gaya hai.
apne jivan men prapt hone vali samast paristhitiyan isi ek shabd ‘‘prarabdha’’ (bhagya) men hi samahit ho jati hai. is prakar prarabdh (bhagya) men un sare karmon ka samavesh kiya ja sakta hai jo manushya ko uski garbhavastha men tatha janm ke bad prapt hote hain ya karne pade hain. insan ka praranbh (bhagya) garbh men ane se lekar antim samay tak ghadi ki sui ki bhanti sadaiv uske sath chalta hai. ‘‘kriyaman’’ ka arth hai - jo abhi chal raha hai ya kar rahe hain. vastav men inhin kriyaman karmon ka hi dusra nam purusharth hai. ye ve karm hain jinhen ki insan apni 12 varsh ki ayu ke pashchat se jivan ke ant tak karta hai aur ye keval hamare bhagya/prarabdha/niyati/kismat adi par avlanbit nahin hain apitu inke madhyam se vyakti apne lie achche-bure, uchit anuchit kisi prakar ke bhi marg ka avlanban karne ko purnataya svatantra hai. yahan se insan ki buddhi ki svatantrata aranbh hoti hai aur svayan ki shiksha, sangti, vivah, ajivika, parivarik tatha samajik unnati ka dayitva us par an padta hai. ab chahe vo apni buddhi ka sadupyog kare athva durupyog kintu vo apne dayitvon se mukt nahin ho sakta.
kriyaman karmon ka aranbh 12 varsh ki ayu ke pashchat islie hota hai ki isse purva ki jo avastha hoti hai, use balyavastha kaha jata hai aur is avastha men uska svayan ka koi vyaktitva nahin hota. use vahi karya karne padte hain jo ki uske mata-pita se prapt gunadharm tatha uski parivarik aur samajik sthiti usse karati hai. vaidik jyotish ke anusar is avastha ka purnatah sanchalan chandra grah ke adhin hota hai. islie 12 varsh ki ayu tak ke balak ke bare men falakathan lagn kundli ki apeksha chandrakundli se kiya jata hai. gita ke dusre adhyay ke saintalisvan shlok men shri krishn kahte hain ki, he manushya ! tera keval karm karne par hi adhikar hai karm ke falon men tera koi hastakshep nahin hai. hoihi soi jo ram rachi rakha, kon kari tarak badavhi sakha. ramchritmanas men tulsidas bhi kahte hain, ki hota vahi hai, jo ram arthat ishvar ne nirdharit kar diya hai, islie hamen vyarth hi tark nahin karna chahie. isi pariprekshya men yadi bat karen to ramchrit manas men hi tulsidas ji ne hi kaha hai ki karm ki bhi jivan men utni hi upadeyta hai jitni bhagya ki ! karm pradhan vishvakri rakha ! jo jas kariya so tas fal chakha ! jo jaisa karm karega use vaisa hi fal prapt hoga. gita men prasiddh shlok jo ki baranbar ullekhit kiya jata hai. karmanyevadhikaraste ma faleshu kadachan. ma karmafalaheturbhu masango'stvakarmani..
arthat, ‘‘tumhara karm karne men hi adhikar hai, uske falon men nahin hai, tum karmafalon ke karan bhi mat bano tatha karmon ko n karne ki bhavna ke sath bhi mat ho’’. karya-karan ka niyam ek satya niyam hai, to karmon ka lekha bhi ek amit lekha hai, yah hisab piche se chala ata hai. is janm men yah hamare hath men jata hai, aur jab is janm men ham jivan ke is bahi khate ko band (mrityu hone par) karte hain, to age kahin janm lene par isi len-den se agla hisab shuru karte hain, bas ek tarah se debit-kredit chalta rahta hai, jab tak ki bahi khate ka len/den puri tarah se shunya ki sthiti (moksha) men nahin pahunch jata. karmon ke siddhant ki jatilta samajik karmon ke sanbandh men hai aur ek jatilta yahi hai ki ye karm agar karya karan shankhla ke parinam hain. karm karya-karan ke niyam ki tarah ek andha niyam nahin hai. yah hava, pani, ag ya int patthar achetan ka niyam nahin balki chetan ka niyam hai. divar par int fenk kar marenge to vah avashya divar se takraegi, kisi insan par fenki jaegi to vah ek hi sthan par khada rahakar chot bhi kha sakta hai aur apne prayas se bach bhi sakta hai. khada rahakar divar ki tarah vyavhar karega to achetan ke jaisa vyavhar karega. ek taraf ko hat jaega to chetan ke jaisa vyavhar karega. khada rahega to avashyanbhavita aur chakra men fans jaega, hat jaega to is chakra se bahar nikal jaega.
nitya karma- ve uttam parishodhak karm hain, jinhen pratidin kiya jana chahiye. jaise shuddhi karm, upasna parak karm adi. naimittak karm - ve karm hain, jinhen vishisht nimitt ya parva ko dhyan men rakhakar kiya jata hai jaise vishisht yagya karmadi -ashvamedh yagya, purnamasi yagya (vrat) adi. kamya karma- ve karm hain jinhen kamna ya ichcha ke vashibhut hokar kiya jata hai. is kamna men yah bhav bhi samahit rahta hai ki karm ka fal bhi anivarya rup se mile isiliye inhen kamya karm kaha gaya hai. chunki inmen fal ki abhilasha judi huyi hai atah yah karm hi karmafal ke parinam sukh ya dukh (shubh ya ashubh) se sanyog karane vala kaha gaya hai. isilie kamya karmon ko bandhan ka karan kaha gaya hai kyonki sukh apni anubhuti ke dvara punah vaise hi sukh ki anubhuti karne vale karm ki or le jata hai, isi prakar dukh aisi viprit anubhuti n ho ise viruddh karm karane vala banata hai. is prakar kamya karm ke antargat kiye gaye karm apne donon hi parinamon (sukh tatha duahkh) ke dvara bandhte hain isiliye inhen bandhan ka karan kaha gaya hai. kamna se vashibhut karm karne par falankaksha ya fal ki ichcha hoti hai jo ki unke sukh-dukh parinamon se bandhti hai aur yah age bhi punah usi-usi prakar ke sukh-dukh parinamon ko prapt karne ki ichcha ya sankalp ko utpann karti hai. uparyukt vivchen se spasht hai ki falon ke parinam se asakti samapt hona unmen bhog ki ichcha samapt hona hi sukh-dukh ke parinam ya karm ke bandhan se chutna hai.