ratrikal men khagol mandal men asankhya dedipyaman pindon ya taron men kuch sankhya purva se pashchim ki or kramshah sthit un bahumulya taron ki bhi hai jinhen puratan kal se hi jyotishiya siddhant men nakshatra ki sangya dekar unke dvara prasarit rashmiyon ke prakritik jagat par padne vale pratyaksh v apratyaksh shubhashubh prabhavon ke adharbhut shroton ko ullekhit kiya jata raha hai. vastutah gyan ki yah khoj prachin bhartiya jyotirvidon ki 5000 varsh purva ki ek uchcha-stariya kriti hai, jiske purn avlokan ke lie shastriya anubhvon, bhaugolikiya jankari tatha akshanshiya v deshantariya sthiti ka gyan hona param avashyak hai.
nakshatra gyan ki prachinta vaidik kal men var ke sthan par ‘‘nakshatra divs’’ ke prayog ki paranpra nakshatra gyan ki prachinta ka sakshat udaharan hai. shastron se vidit hota hai, us kal men vartaman v bhavishya ke disha nirdeshan ya faladesh men rashiyon ki jagah nakshatron ya taron ko hi mukhya rup se pradhan v prabhavkari mana jata tha. iske atirikt ramayan katha men shri ram ke banvas ke purva raja dasharath ke dvara - ‘‘angarak (mangl) grah mere nakshatra ko pidit kar raha hai ’ ke kathan tatha mahabharat kal men shri krishn v karn ke bhent ke uprant karn ke dvara grah sthiti ke varnan - ‘‘shani rohini nakshatra se mangal grah ko pidit kar raha hai.
mangal grah jyeshtha nakshatra men vakri hokar anuradha nakshatra se yuti kar raha hai.’’ adi ke ullekh bhi nakshatra gyan ki prachinta ke mukhya rup se parichayak hain. jyotishiya prishthabhumi jyetash shastra me nakshatra ki shabdikta ‘‘na’’ ksharati iti nakshatram’’ se hai, arthat jo yathavat v avichal ho. isi sthirta ke karan akash mandal ke kuch bahumulya taron v nakshatron ko is vidya men kal mapak v yog vishleshan jaise mahatvapurn karyon ke hetu atyant upyogi sadhan ke rup men prayukt kiya gaya tatha chandrama jis nakshatra men jitni avdhi tak virajman raha us kal ya avdhi ko usi nakshatra ke antargat sthapit kar diya gaya.
parantu prithvi ki dasha v chandrama ki spasht gati ki sukshmata sada ek saman n hone ke karan in nakshatron ka man ya adi v ant ke nishchit sima ka ganit sarvada ek saman nahin rahta, jo samay v kal ke anusar prakritik taur par badlta rahta hai. iske atirikt is shastra men nakshatron ke sath judi grahon ki kriyaen v unke svamitva ki mahattaon ke sath-sath kundli men nakshatra ke adhar par nam, nadi, yoni, gotra, gan adi ka nirdharan v janm mahadsha ka praranbh tatha nakshatron ki pravritti unke vibhinn charnon ke prabhav adi ki pradhantaen bhi mukhya rup se ullekhniya hain.
nakshatron ki sankhya athavarva de kenakshatra kalp parishisht sachui me nakshat ki sakhnya 28 tak bartai gai hai. isi ke saman samkalin jain granthon men bhi 28 nakshatron ki purn pushti hoti hai. yadi pratham nakshatra ki or drishti le jai jae to isa se 6-7 shatabdi purva vedang jyotish kal men nakshatron ki aranbhik suchi men dhanishtha nakshatra ka nam sarvapratham liya jata tha. ese vidit hatea hai ki mahabharat yug ke agraj bhishm pitamah bhi apne pran tyagne tak isi uttarayan ki pratiksha men shar-shaiyya par lete rahe.
aitihasik tathyon se aisa gyat hota hai ki vibhinn kalon men pratham nakshatra banne ka saubhagya bhinna-bhinn nakshatron ko prapt hua. kahin basant sampat jis nakshatra se praranbh hua to use hi pratham nakshatra ki sangya de di gai to yadi kahin sharad sampat athva makar sankranti uttarayan ka praranbh hua to use hi pratham nakshatra ke rup me svikar liya gaya. kintu kalantar men yah sampat kritika se bharni fir ashvini se hatea hua atan rave ti ke yage nakshatra tak pahchan gaya tatha tabhi se dhire dhire ashvini nakshatra ko pratham nakshatra manne ki paranpra ki shuruat hone lagi.
aise to praranbh men in nakshatron ki sankhya kramshah 28 thi kintu kalantar men isa ki praranbhik shatabdiyon ke ate-ate jyonhi bhartiya jyotishiya vidya men bebilon v yunani gyanon ka samavesh hua, in nakshatron ke sath rashigat prakriya bhi samanvit hone lagi. parantu har ek rashi men 30 ansh hone ke parinam svarup 12 rashiyon ke sath 28 nakshatron ka ganitiya samayojan kar pana sanbhav n ho saka, jis karan is suchi se abhijit nakshatra ko hatakar in nakshatron ki sankhya 27 kar di gai jismen pratham 9 nakshatron arthat ashvini se ashlesha ke 36 charnon se pratham char rashiyan mesh se kark, agle 9 nakshatron magha se jyeshtha ke 36 charnon se agli char rashiyan sinh se vrishchik tatha antim 9 nakshatron mul se revti ke 36 charnon se antim char dhanu se min ke antargat vyavasthit hui.
is prakar vrittakar bhachakra tin saman anshatmak bhagon men vibhakt hua tatha pratyek 120 ansh ke ek bhag ko tritiyansh ki sangya di gai. bhachakra men nakshatra, unki rashiyan v svami grahon ki vrittakar rekhankit suchi- nakshatron se sanbandhit kuch yog v muhurt jyotish shastra men nakshatron ke svabhavon v unki pravrittiyon tatha tithi, varon, grahon adi ke sammishran se bane yogon v unse utpann prabhavon ko mukhya rup se pradhanta di gai hai.
atah is prakaran men nakshatron ke gun- visheshtaon v unki bhumikaon ke sanyogon se nirmit kuch nimnankit yogon v muhurton ke vivaran prastut kie ja rahe hain: dhruv v sthir nakshatra r viva r ke din padne vale uttara-falguni, uttarashadha, uttara bhadrapad v rohini nakshatra ko dhruv v sthir nakshatra ki sangya di jati hai. grih nirman, vastu-shanti, bag lagane adi jaise karyon ke lie yah yog atyant shubh hai. mul sangyak nakshatra mul, jyeshtha, revti, magha, ashvini v ashlesha ko mul sangyak nakshatra ke rup men svikara gaya hai. atah in nakshatron men yadi kisi balak ka janm ho to yaugikiya v dharmik kriya ke vidhivat vidhanon se avashya hi shanti kara leni chahie.
ghat nakshatra mesh rashi ke lie magha, mithun ke lie svati, kark ke lie anuradha, sinh ke lie mul, kanya ke lie shravan, tula ke lie shatbhisha, vrishchik ke lie revti, dhanu ke lie bharni, makar ke lie rohini, kunbh ke lie adrra tatha min ke lie ashlesha nakshatra ghat nakshatra hote hain. islie in rashiyon ke jatak ko kisi bhi shubh karya ko praranbh karte samay in nakshatron ke prati vishesh savdhani bartni chahie. guru pushya yog guruvar ke din yadi pushya nakshatra ho to is din pushya guru yog ghatit hota hai. vyapar praranbh, yatra, grih pravesh adi jaise karyon ke hetu is yog ko atyant shubh mana gaya hai.
ravi pushya yog ravivar ke din yadi pushya nakshatra ho to is sanyog se ravi pushya yog ki utpatti hoti hai. yaugik kriyaon ya mantradi sadhnaon hetu is yog ko atyant labhaprad mana gaya hai. pushkar yog surya vishakha nakshatra men v chandra krittika nakshatra men ho to is sanyog se ati durlabh samjhe jane vale pushkar yog ki srishti hoti hai. yah mahatvapurn yog shubh karyon ke hetu atyant hi siddhi dayak hai. dvipushkar yog mangal, shani v ravivar ko tithi 2, 7 ya 12 ho tatha us din mrigshira, chitra ya dhanishtha nakshatra pade to is sanyog karya ya ghatna ke ghatit hone par uske do bar hone ki, punah punravritti athva dohre labh ya hani ki sanbhavnaen badh jati hain.
tripushkar yog mangal, shani ya ravivar ko tithi 2, 7 ya 12 ho tatha us din krittika, uttara falganui, uttarashadha v panavarsu vishakha ya purva bhadrapad pade to is sanyog se tripushkar yog ki utpatti hoti hai. is yog men hone vale kisi bhi prakar ke shubh ya ashubh karya athva ghatnaon ke tin bar punah ghatit hone ki ashankaen prabal ho jati hain. panchak nakshatra dhanishtha, shatbhisha, purva bhadrapad, uttara bhadrapad v revti nakshatron men panchak utpann hote hain.
is yog men kisi bhi ghatna ya karya ki pachan bar panuravritt hone ki sanbhavnaen prabal ho jati hain. vivah sanskar hetu shubh nakshatra rohini, mrigshira, magha, uttara falguni, svati, anuradha, mul, uttarashadha, uttara bhadrapad v revti nakshatron ko vivah karya hetu shubh mana gaya hai. yatra hetu shubh nakshatra yatra hetu hast, mrigshira, anuradha, shravan, ashvini, pushya, revti, dhanishtha v punarvasu nakshatron ko atyant shubh tatha rohini, tinon uttara, tinon purva, jyeshtha, mul v shatbhisha nakshatron ko madhya shreni ka kaha gaya hai.
yatra hetu disha-shul nakshatra purva men jyeshtha, purvashadha v uttarashadha, dakshin me vishakha, shravan v pavu dapra d, pashchim men rohini, pushya v mul, uttar me parvu falganu, uttara falganu , hast v vishakha ko yatra shul nakshatra mana gaya hai. ye nakshatra yatra hetu varjit hain. iske sath-sath janm nakshatra, vipat, pratyari v vadh (1, 3, 5, 7) nakshatron ko bhi yatra hetu varjit bataya gaya hai. yatra hetu var-shul nakshatra ravi ko magha, som ko vishakha, mangal ko adrra, budh ko mul, guru ko kritika, shukra ko rohini tatha shanivar ko hast nakshatra ko yatra hetu varjit bataya gaya hai.