makar sankranti prashna: makar sankranti ka parva pure bharat men vibhinn namon, manyataon evan vidhi se manaya jata hai. isko manane ki vistrit vidhi, manyataon evan adhunik parivesh men jyotishiya, pauranik evan dharmik mahatva ka varnan karen.
grah ke ek rashi se dusri rashi men parivartan ko ‘‘sankranti’’ kahte h.nai surya grah ke dhanu rashi se makar rashi men pravesh ko ‘‘makar sankranti’’ kahte hain. bharat men vibhinn sthanon par ise vibhinn namon se jana jata hai. bharat men yah adho ankit namon se jana jata hai.
gujrat aur rajasthan men uttarayan asam men magh vihu ya bhogli bihu tamilnadu men ‘pongl’.
sikh samuday men lohri hariyana, himanchal pradesh aur panjab men maghi.
kashmir ghati men shishur sankrant.
andhra pradesh men - ugadi, sankranti
parvatiya kshetron men kumaun - makar sankranti (ghudhuti)
keral men vilakku mahotsav sabrimla mandir (kerl)
iske atirikt anya sabhi pranton - uttarapradesh, bihar, gova, sikkim, jharkhand, karnatak, madhyapradesh, pashchim bangal men makar sankranti ya sankranti ke rup men pramukhtah manaya jata hai parantu manane ki riti men paramparik bhed rahta hai is din surya dakshinayan se uÿarayan hota hai, atah makar sankranti parva ko ‘‘uÿarayn’’ bhi kahte hain. ‘uÿarayn’ shabd do shabdon ‘uÿar’$‘ayn’ shabdon se milakar bana hai. ismen ‘uÿar’ shabd disha se jura hai tatha ‘ayn’ shabd surya ki gati se jura hai. jiska arth hota hai ‘chalna’ (gamana/bhraman karna)
arthat uÿarayan (=uÿar$ayn) ka saral bhasha men arth hota hai- ‘‘surya ka uÿar disha ki or chalna’’ uÿarayan ke 6 mahinon arthat magh (janvri) mah se surya makar se mithun rashi men bhraman karta hai, jisse din bare hone lagte hain, faltah raten choti hone lagti hain. uÿarayan devtaon ke din hote hain, yah kal adhunik vigyan ki tithi ke anusar 22 disanbar se 21 jun tak chalta hai.
yah kal, prachin rishi muniyon ke anusar paravidyaon, jap, tap, siddhi prapt karne ke lie mahatvapurn mana gaya hai. chunki makar sankranti (uÿarayn) is din ka praranbh din hai atah is din kiya gaya dan sabse adhik punya, akshay faldayi hota hai. is karan se ayan sankranti ko anya sankrantion ki apeksha sabse mahatvapurn mana gaya hai. rashiyon ke anusar sankrantiyan nimn prakar ki hoti hain, jise nimn talika men darshaya gaya hai-
uprokt sabhi sankrantiyon men ‘ayn’ (gati, uÿarayn) sankranti sabse mahatvapurn mani gayi hai. koi sankranti saptah ke 7 dinon men se kisi bhi din ho sakti hain. saptah ke 7 dinon men hone vali sankranti ko vibhinn namon se jana jata hai.
inmen se manda (guruvar) brahmanon, mandakini (budhvar) kshatriyon, dhvankshi (somvar) vaishyon, dhora (ravivar) shudron ke lie, mahodri (mangl) choron v taskaron, rakshasi (shani) sharab vikretaon, hey karm men pravriÿa logon ke lie tatha mishrita (shukravar) sankranti sahsik karya karne vale, kalakaron, shilpiyon, chitrakaron, sangitagyaon adi ke lie shubh faldayi hoti hai. makar sankranti tarikh sadharntya makar sankranti (uÿarayn) prati varsh 14 janvri ko hi hoti hai arthat 14 janvri ko surya, dhanu se makar rashi men pravesh karta hai. makar sankranti (uÿarayn) ki tarikh har 72-73 varshon men badlti hai.
dharmik mahatva sankranti ke din til v gur khane ka mahatva hai kyonki isse sharir svasth rahta hai. is din suryoday se purva uthakar snan karke surya ki puja ki jati hai. aisa karne se bal, buddhi aur urja milti hai. uske bad purvajon ko tarpan karne ka rivaj hai. agar triveni sangam ya ganga ke pas ho, to gangaji ke pavitra jal men dubki lagakar purvajon ki atma ki shanti ke lie prarthana ki jati hai. thori der dhyan karne se alaukik shakti prapt hoti hai.
til, gur ke laddu ke alava bhojan men khichri aur jalebi adi khayi jati hain. is din dan ka vishesh vidhan hai. makar sankranti par til evan gur se bane laddu adi vyanjnon ka upyog karne evan dan ke piche yah karan hai ki til shani ki evan gur surya ki karak vastuen hain. til, tel ki bhi janni hai.
surya jab uÿarayan men apne putra shani ki rashi makar men pravesh karte hain to shatruta ke karan duahkhi ho jate hain. atah surya evan shani donon ko prasann rakhne ke lie is din log til, gur se nirmit vyanjnon ka upyog karte hain.