makar sankranti: surya sadhna ka mahaparva (61 varshon ke bad makar sankranti punyakal, ravivar v bhanu saptami ka ati durlabh mahasanyog) pan. lokesh d. jagirdar surya jab makar rashi men pravesh karte hain to surya ke is sankraman ko makar sankranti kaha jata hai. vedon men surya upasna ko sarvopri bataya gaya hai.
shastro ki manyata hai ki kaliyug men surya bhagvan ka pujan, archan, aradhna, upasna shighra faldayi hoti hai. sampurn jagat men surya bhagvan hi ekmatra aise devta hain jinka ham sakshat rup men pratidin darshan karte hain. samast sansar ke surya upasak bhagvan surya ki aradhna kisi n kisi rup men karte hain. surya hi samast gyan ka adhar hai. surya bhagvan ka ek nam savita bhi hai, savita arthat utpann karne vala. surya sampurn vishva ko ekta ke sutra men bandhne vale vishvadev hain, ve bhuvan bhaskar hain.
maharshi kashyap v aditi ke putra aditya agyan rupi andhkar ka nash karne vale hain. bhagvan surya vaidik devta hain. ati prachinkal se bhaktagan inki sadh ana karte a rahen hain. sauramandal men surya hi grahon ke raja evan sarvadhik prakashvan hain. ye svayan ke prakash se prakashit hai, sauramandal ke sabhi sadasya surya ki parikrama karte hain. surya ki upasna se hi samast grahon ke doshon ka purnatah shaman hota hai.
markandey puran men surya ki utpatti, unki donon patniyan sangya v chaya tatha 6 santanon ka varnan hai. vedon men yah kaha gaya hai ki uday aur ast hote hue surya ki aradhna karne vala vidvan brahman sabhi prakar ke kalyan ko prapt karta hai. pratyek bhartiya panchag men suryoday se hi tithi, var, nakshatra, yog adi ka kal likha jata hai. ishtakal bhi suryauday ke samay se hi mana jata hai.
makar sankranti ka mahatva surya pratyek mah men ek rashi par bhraman karte hue 12 mah men sabhi 12 rashiyane ka bhraman kar lete hain. faltah pratyek mah ki ek sankranti hoti hai. surya jab makar rashi men pravesh karte hain to surya ke is sankraman ko makar sankranti kaha jata hai. iska mahatva is lie adhik hai ki is din surya uttarayan ho jate hain.
uttarayan kal ko hi prachin rishi muniyon ne sadhnaon ka siddhikal v punyakal mana hai. bhishm pitamah ne bhi uttarayan kal ane par hi pran tyage the. makar sankranti suryadev ki agvani ka parva hai kyonki kaha jata hai ki kark sankranti ke samay surya ka rath dakshin ki or mur jata hai. isse surya ka mukh dakshin ki or tatha pith hamari or hoti hai. iske viprit makar sankranti ke din surya ka rath uttar ki or mur jata hai arthat surya ka mukh hamari or (prithvi ki tarf) ho jata hai.
faltah surya ka rath uttarabhimukh hokar hamari or ane lagta hai. suryadev hamare ati nikat ane lagte hain. isse bare utsav ka avasar aur koi ho hi nahin sakta. makar sankranti surya upasna ka atyant mahatvapurn, vishisht evan ekmatra mahaparva hai. yah ek aisa parva hai jo sidhe surya se sanbandhit hai. makar se mithun tak ki 6 rashiyon men 6 mahine tak surya uttarayan rahte hain tatha kark se dhanu tak ki 6 rashiyon men 6 mahine tak surya dakshinayan rahte hain.
kark se makar ki or surya ka jana dakshinayan tatha makar se kark ki or jana uttarayan kahlata hai. sanatan dharm ke anusar uttarayan ke 6 mahinon ko devtaon ka ek din aur dakshinayan ke 6 mahinon ko devtaon ki ek ratri mana gaya hai. sankranti ke prakar sankrantiyon ka varnan do prakar se kiya jata haiah-
1 sayan,
2 nirayan.
jis sankranti men aynansh jure hote hain vah sayan sankranti kahlati hai. falit jyotish ke anusar nirayan surya sankranti ko mana gaya hai. chal sampat par adharit ganna ko sayan evan achal sampat ki ganna ko nirayan kahte hain. ritu, ayan v gol parivartan ki ganna sayan sankranti ke anusar hoti hai. jabki snan, dan, punyakarm, malmas, adhikmas, muhurt, dharm v jyotish adi men nirayan sankranti ko mahatva diya gaya hai. surya sayan gati ke karan 21 disambar ko hi uttarayan ho jate hain.
sayan aur nirayan men aynansh parivartan ke karan 23-24 din ka antar parta hai. ayan chalan gati ke karan hi makar sankranti nirayan paddhati ke anusar 14-15 janvri ko parti hai. thik isi prakar sayan paddhati se surya 21 jun ko dakshinayan hote hain evan nirayan paddhati se kark sankranti 15-16 julai ko parti hai. makar sankranti ko surya uttarayan ho jate hai tatha 21 jun ko sal ka sabse bara din v 22 disanbar ko sal ka sabse chota din mana jata hai.
makar sankranti ka nirnay makar sankranti ka yah mahaparva sampurn bharatavarsh men manaya jata hai. ayan gati ke karan aj se 145 varsh purva makar sankranti 12-13 janvri ko parti thi, iska praman svami vivekanand ki kundali se prapt hota hai jo is prakar hai:-
svami vivekanand ka janm 12 janvri 1863 i. men hua tha. unki janmakundali men surya 9/0/0/15 rashyadi likha gaya hai jo is bat ka spasht suchak hai ki us din arthat 12 janvri ko makar sankranti thi. parampara se ramkrishn mishan vale bhi yahi mante hai.
ataev makar sankranti ke vishay men yah spasht hai ki 19vin sadi me makar sankranti 12-13 janvri ko parti thi vahin 20 vin sadi men makar sankranti 13-14 janvri ko parti thi evan ab vartaman men 21 vin sadi men makar sankranti 14-15 janvri ko manai jati hai. 21vin sadi ke samapt hote hote makar sankranti 15-16 janvri ko manane lag jayenge. surya ka pratyek mahine men rashi parivartan hota hai. ek rashi ki ganna 30 ansh hoti hai. surya ek ansh ko 24 ghante men purn karta hai.
aynansh gati ke antar ke karan lagabhag 72-73 varsh men ek ansh ki duri men antar a jata hai. is aynansh gati men parivartan ke karan hi prativarsh surya ka makar rashi men pravesh 25-30 minat der se hota hai. har tisre varsh makar sankranti ke pravesh ka samay ek ghante bad hota hai. isi parivartan ke chalte hi har 72-73 varshon men makar sankranti ek din bad ho jati hai. pratyek chaitha varsh lip iyar ke nam se jana jata hai. kyonki farvri mah 29 din ka hota hai. yah islie ki ek varsh 365 din v 6 ghante ka hota hai. chaithe varsh men ye 6-6 ghante jurakar chaibis ghante arthat ek din barh jata hai. lip iyar hone par makar sankranti bhi ek din bad manai jati hai.
makar sankranti ke sanbandh men yah parivartan ayan gati men parivartan ke karan hota hai. makar sankranti ka punyakal muhurt chintamni ke anusar surya ke sankranti samay se 16 ghati pahle aur 16 ghati bad tak punyakal hota hai. yah punyakal kark v makar sankranti ke atirikt sabhi sankrantiyon ke liye bhi mana jata hai. arddh ratri ke purva sankranti ho to pahle din ka uttararddh punyakal hota hai aur arddh ratri ke bad sankranti ho to dusre din ka purvarddh punyakal hota hai.
yadi sankranti thik madhya ratri men ghatit ho to donon din punyakal hota hai. suryast ke bad makar sankranti ho to punyakal dusre din mana jata hai. dharmasindhu ke anusar makar sankranti ka punyakal sankranti samay se 16 ghati pahle ya 40 ghati bad tak mana gaya hai. nirnay sindhu ke anusar makar sankranti ka punyakal sankranti samay se 20 ghati bad tak hota hai evan suryast ke pashchat, pradoshkal, ratrikal, arddharatri evan iske pashchat yadi surya makar rashi men pravesh karte hain to punyakal dusre din hota hai. san 2013 se 2044 tak makar sankranti ka punyakal prati do-do varsh ke antral par 14 aur 15 janvri ko rahega.
iske pashchat 2045 se 2085 tak makar sankranti ka punyakal prati ek-tin varsh ke antral par 14 v 15 janvri ko rahega. iske pashchat vartaman shatabdi purn hote-hote ham makar sankranti ka parva purnataya 15 janvri ko manane lag jayenge. makar sankranti ka mahaparva 15 janvri ko makar sankranti ka mahaparva is varsh 15 janvri ko manaya jayega. iska karan yah hai ki date panchang ke anusar surya ka makar rashi pravesh dinank 14 janvri shanivar ko ratri men 12 bajakar 57 minat par ho raha hai. surya ka makar rashi pravesh arddh ratri ke pashchat ho raha hai.
muhurt chintamni ke anusar yadi arddh ratri ke pashchat sankranti pravesh ho to punyakal dusre din hota hai. ataev makar sankranti ka punyakal v siddhi kal dusre din arthat 15 janvri ravivar ko suryoday se praranbh hokar suryast tak rahega. makar sankranti ka mahaparva purnataya 15 janvri ko hi manaya javega. makar sankranti punyakal, ravivar v bhanu saptami ka ati durlabh mahasanyog is varsh makar sankranti mahaparva 15 janvri ravivar ko manaya javega.
is din makar sankranti punyakal, ravivar v bhanu saptami ka mahayog ban raha hai. jo saptami tithi ravivar ko hoti hai use bhanu saptami kaha jata hai. makar sankranti , ravivar v bhanu saptami ye tinon hi utsav suryopasna ke liye ati sarvashreshth muhurt bataye gaye hain. ataev in tinon ka ek sath ana durlabh mahayog hai. 61 varshon ke bad is varsh makar sankranti punyakal, ravivar v bhanu saptami ka ati durlabh mahasanyog ban raha hai. shri venkteshvar shatabdi panchang ke anusar 14 janvri 1951 ko ravivar ke din surya ka makar rashi pravesh pratahkal 9 bajakar 45 minat par hua tha.
us din bhi bhanu saptami tithi thi. makar sankranti punyakal ravivar v bhanu saptami ka yah ati durlabh mahasanyog tha. us din bhi punyakal suryoday se suryast tak tha. 14 janvri 1951 ke pashchat arthat 61 varshon ke bad 15 janvri 2012 ko yah ati durlabh mahasanyog ban raha hai. is din bhi makar sankranti ka punyakal, ravivar v bhanu saptami surya upasna ke tinon hi sarvashreshth muhurt ek sath a rahe hain. shri venkteshvar shatabdi panchang san 2043-44 tak hai.
is panchang ke anusar varsh 2012 ke bad ke varshon men aisa ati durlabh mahasanyog nahin ban raha hai. makar sankranti ka fal surya ki 12 sankrantiyan char shreniyon men vibhakt hain. makar v kark sankranti ayan parivartan ke karan ayan sankranti, mesh v tula ki vishuv sankranti, mithun, kanya, min v dhanu ki shadshiti sankranti , vrishabh, sinh, kunbh v vrishchik ki vishnupdi sankranti hoti hai. makar sankranti ayan sankranti hone ke karan ati mahatvapurn hai. ravivar ko ghora, somvar ko dhvankshi, manglvar ko mahodri, budh ko mandakini, guru ko manda, shukra ko mishra evan shani ko rakshasi namak sankranti hoti hai. ravivar ko ugra sangyak nakshatra purva falguni, purvashadha, purvabhadrapad, bharni evan magha nakshatra ho to sankranti shudron, seva, naukri, majduri karne valon ke lie anukul hoti hai. somvar ke din laghu sangyak nakshatra ashvini, pushya, hast nakshatra ho to sankranti vaishya, vyapar, udyogon se jure logon ke liye anukul hoti hai. manglvar ke din char sangyak nakshatra svati, punarvasu, shravan, dhanishtha, shatbhisha nakshatra hone par sankranti choron v taskaron ke liye anukul hoti hai.
budhvar ko mridu sangyak nakshatra mrigshira, chitra, anuradha, revti nakshatra ho to sankranti kshatriya, rajkarya se jure logon ke liye anukul hoti hai. guruvar ko dhurav sangyak nakshatra uttarafalguni, uttarasharha, uttarabhadrapad, rohini nakshatra hone par sankranti vipra tatha shiksha se jure logon ke lie anukul hoti hai. shukravar ko mishra sangyak nakshatra vishakha, kritika nakshatra hone par sankranti dudh v pashu vyapar, chitrakar, sangitagya, kalakar adi logon ke liye anukul hoti hai.
shanivar ko tikshn sangyak nakshatra adrra, ashlesha, jyeshtha, mul nakshatra ho to sankranti varnasankar, sharab vikreta, antyaj logon ke liye anukul hoti hai. yadi sankranti din men ho to pratham tritiyansh men kshatriyon ko, dusre tritiyansh men brahmanon ko, tisre tritiyansh men vaishyon ko aur suryast ke samay ki sankrati shudron ko kashtaprad hoti hai. isi prakar ratri ke pratham prahar ki sankranti ghrinit karm karne valon ko, dusre prahar ki sankranti rakshasi pravritti ke logon ko, tisre prahar ki sankranti sangit se jure logon ko, chaithe prahar ki sankranti kisan, pashupalak, majduron ke liye dukhdayini hoti hai.
makar sankranti -ek rituparva surya ke rashi parivartan se do do mah men ritu badlti hai. makar sankranti ek ritu parva hai, yah do rituon ke sandhikal ka dyotak hai. ek ritu ki vidai ka to dusri ritu ke agaman ka sanket hai. yah surya ke arthat garm dinon ke agaman ka pratik parva hai. yah shit ritu ki samapti evan basant ritu ke agaman ki suchna deta hai. is din shit ritu hone ke karan khichri, tilgur adi ka sevan kiya jata hai. yah ann shitritu men hitakar hota hai.
makar sankranti pure bharatavarsh men kisi n kisi rup men manaya jati hai. dakshin bharat men yah parva pongal ke rup men manaya jata hai. yahan par pratyek ghar men pongal namak chaval ke khadya padarth ka bhog v sevan kiya jata hai, anek pratiyogitaen ayojit ki jati hain. uttarapradesh men yah parva khichri ke rup men manaya jata hai. is din yahan par khichdi dan karne v khane ki parampara hai. panjab men yah parva lohri ke rup men manaya jata hai. is parva men yahan par sabhi log golakar samuh men ekatra hokar madhya men agni jalakar usmen til, gur adi dalakar in vastuon ka bhog lagate hain evan sabhi men bantakar ek dusre ki bhavnaon ko samajhakar is tyauhar ko manate hai.
rajasthan men yah parva patang utsav ke rup men manate hain. is din yahan par til, motichur ke laddu, ghevar adi 14 prakar ke padarthon ko brahman ya suhagin striyon men banta jata hai. pura asman is din patangon se achchadit hota hai. is din akash men aisi sthiti utpann ho jati hai ki pakshiyon se jyada patangen dikhai deti hain. maharashtra men yah parva bhogi, sankranti, karidin tin rupon men manaya jata hai. bhogi arthat sankranti ke ek din pahle khichri v gur ki roti ka sevan kiya jata hai. sankranti ke din sabhi log ek dusre ko tilgur bantte hain aur kaha jata hai til-gur gha ani god god bola.
karidin arthat sankranti ke bad vale din ghirde (taen) ka sevan kiya jata hai. madhyapradesh men yah parva makar sankranti ke rup men manaya jata hai. is parva ke antargat yahan par suhag samagri, bartan, til ke laddu ya chakti, kapas, namak adi ka dan brahman, saubhagyavti mahila ya mandiron men kiya jata hai. keral men yah parva onam ke rup men manate hain. is parva par yahan pratyek ghar ke samne bari bari rangoliyan banai jati hai evan til, ghi, kambal adi vastuon ka dan kiya jata hai. asam men yah tyauhar bihu ke rup men manaya jata hai.
yahan par is din pani men til dalakar snan karne ke pashchat til dan karne ka prachalan hai. ataev makar sankranti ka tyauhar sampurn bharatavarsh men manaya jata hai. makar sankranti ka dan makar sankranti ke din snan, dan ka ati vishesh mahatva hai. makar sankranti prayah magh mas men ati hai. magh shabd sanskrit ke magh shabd se utpann hai jiska arth dhan, svarn, chandi, vastra evan vividh prakar ke dhanya padarth se hai. in sabhi ke dan-punya ke vidhan ke karan hi is parva ko maghi sankranti kaha jata hai. is din shit ritu hoti hai. ataev is ritu ke anukul vastuon, padarthon ke dan ka vidhan hai. is din til, gud, khichri, mishthann, bartan, kapas, uni vastra adi vastuon ke dan ka vidhan hai.
padmapuran ke anusar is sankranti men dan karne se akshay punya ki prapti hoti hai. is din bhagvan surya ko lal vastra, gehun, gur, masurdal, tanba, svarn, supari, lalafal, lalful, nariyal, dakshina adi surya dan ka shastron men vidhan hai. is sankranti ke punyakal men kiye gaye dan-punya samanya din ke dan-punya se karor guna fal dene vale hote hain. makar sankranti parva par katuvachan bolna, per paudhe torna, pashuon ka dudh nikalna, stri sanbhog tatha datun adi karya varjit hai. atah inhen nahin karna chahie. makar sankranti surya bhagvan ka atipriya mahaparva hai. makar sankranti parva ka sabse adhik mahatvapurn svarup suryasadhna hai. surya sadhna se brahma, vishnu, mahesh tinon ki sadhna ka fal milta hai.
surya ko sankranti ka devta v sansar ki atma kaha gaya hai. makar sankranti evan surya sadhna makar sankranti surya bhagvan ka atipriya mahaparva hai. makar sankranti parva ka sabse adhik mahatvapurn svarup suryasadhna hai. surya sadhna se brahma, vishnu, mahesh tinon ki sadh ana ka fal milta hai. surya ko sankranti ka devta v sansar ki atma kaha gaya hai. surya ke prakash ke bina jivan asanbhav hai. gyan, vivek, vidvatta, yash, samman, arthik samriddhi, raja ke saman fal adi pradan karne vale bhagvan surya hi hain. surya samast grahon ke raja hain, ataev inki upasna se sabhi grahon ka kuprabhav svatah hi kam hone lagta hai. inki upasna se hamare tej, bal, ayu v netrajyoti men vriddhi hoti hai.
puranon men kaha gaya hai ki surya samast rogon se mukti dilata hai. makar sankranti vah samay hota hai jis din bhagvan surya prithvi ke atyant nikat hokar apni kirnon ke madhyam se samast rashmiyon ka purn prabhav prithvi ke sabhi praniyon par bikherte hain. ataev samast manav, visheshtah surya ke samast shraddhalujan v bhaktagan is prayas men rahte hain ki bhuvan bhaskar surya bhagvan ki is kripa ko kaise grahan kiya jaye. hamare ved, puran, shastron men surya bhagvan ki puja, archana, upasna, vandna, aradhna ke anek vidhan diye gaye hain. jap, tap, vrat v dan ke anek upay hain
jinke madhyam se surya sadhna sampann ki ja sakti hai. unmen se sankshep men kuch upay diye ja rahe hain:-
(1) makar sankranti ke din suryoday se purva uthakar tel abhyang, snan karna chahie. lal vastra pahanakar evan lal asan bichakar surya sadhna, suryoday se suryast tak sampann karna chahie. nimn mantron ka jap shraddhanusar kul 28 hajar sankhya men karna chahie.
bij mantra:- un ghrini suryay namah tantrik mantra:- un hran hrin hraun sah suryay namah
vaidik mantra:- un akrishnen rajsa vvartamano niveshayan mritammatryanshch hiranyen savita rathena devo yati bhuvnani pashyan.
puranokt mantra:- japakusum sankashan kashyapeyan mahadyutim. tamo'rin sarvapapaghnan pranto'smi divakaram..
kalash men pavitra jal bharakar usmen chandan, akshat v lal ful dalakar donon hathon ko uncha karke purvabhimukh hokar nimn mantra se udyman surya bhagvan ko aghrya pradan karen:-
ehi surya sahastransho tejorashe jagatpate. anukampayaman bhaktaya grihanaghryan divakar.. surya se sanbandhit stotra, kavach, sahastra nam, dvadshnam, surya chalisa adi ka path karna chahie. saur sukt, surya atharvashirsh, suryashtakam, adityahridya stotra ka path ati uttam hai. satyanarayan vrat katha path evan harivanshpuran ka path karna ya karana hitakar hai. yadi sankranti ravivar ko pare to ravivar ka vrat rakhna chahie. is din is vrat men namak ka prayog nahin karna chahie. is mahaparva par apne pujaghar men siddh surya yantra ko sthapit karen.
surya ratn manik v uparatn pahnne ka tatha surya ke ank yantra ko gale men dharan karne ka yah sarvashreshth muhurt hai. surya mandir jakar surya murti ke darshan karna pujn-archan karna evan dan adi karna kalyankari hai. makar sankranti ka svarup shastron ke anusar sankranti ke vahan, upvahan, vastra, upavastra, ayudh, bhojyapdarth, lepan padarth, jati, pushp, abhushan, avastha evan disha adi nishchit kiye gaye hain. date panchang ke anusar is varsh makar sankranti ka mukhya vahan bhains evan upvahan unt hai. nile vastra dharan karke hathon men tomar namak astra liye hue vriddhavastha men baithi hui evan dahi bhakshan karte hue pratit hoti hai.
rui ki sugandh se abhibhut hokar abhushan ke rup me nil ratn dharan kiye hue evan mrig jati ki hai. sankranti uttar disha men gaman karke ishan kon men dekh rahi hai. var nam rakshasi evan nakshatra nam nanda hokar yah sankranti sampurn jagat men sukh samriddhi pradayak evan kalyankarak hai.
sankranti rashi fal is varsh makar sankranti mesh rashi ke liye anisht, vrishabh, mithun, kark rashi ke liye shubh, sinh, kanya rashi ke liye kashtaprad, tula, vrishchik, dhanu, makar rashi ke liye haniprad evan kunbh aur min rashi ke liye labhdayak hai.
jivan men jarurat hai jyotishiya margadarshan ki? abhi bat karen fyuchar point jyotishiyon se!