basant panchmi ko sarasvati pujan kyon? rashmi chaidhri basant panchmi par sarasvati pujan ka vidhan pauranik kal se hi chala a raha hai. basant panchmi ko sabhi shubh karyon ke lie atyant shubh muhurt mana gaya hai. mukhyatah vidyaranbh, navin vidya prapti evan grih pravesh ke lie basant panchmi ko hamare puranon men bhi atyant shreyaskar mana gaya hai.
basant panchmi atyant shubh muhurt manne ke piche anek karan hain. yah parva adhikatar magh mas men hi parta hai. magh mas ka bhi dharmik evan adhyatmik drishti se vishesh mahatva hai. is mah men pavitra tirthon men snan karne ka vishesh mahatva bataya gaya hai. dusre is samay suryadev bhi uÿarayan hote hain.
puranon men ullekh milta hai ki devtaon ka ek ahoratra (din-rat) manushyon ke ek varsh ke barabar hota hai, arthat uÿarayan devtaane ka din tatha dakshinayan ratri kahi jati hai. surya ki kranti 22 disanbar ko adhikatam ho jati hai aur yahin se surya uÿarayan shani ho jate hain. 14 janvri ko surya makar rashi men pravesh karte hain aur agle 6 mah tak uÿarayan rahte hain. surya ka makar se mithun rashiyon ke bich bhraman uÿarayan kahlata hai.
devtaon ka din magh ke mahine men makar sankranti se praranbh hokar asharh mas tak chalta hai. tatpashchat asharh mas shukla paksh ekadshi se kartik mas shukla paksh ekadshi tak ka samay bhagvan vishnu ka nidra kal athva shayan kal mana jata hai. is samay suryadev kark se dhanu rashiyon ke bich bhraman karte hain jise surya ka dakshinayan kal bhi kahte hain. samanyatah is kal men shubh karyon ko varjit bataya gaya hai. chunki basant panchmi ka parva itne shubh samay men parta hai
atah is parva ka svatah hi adhyatmik, dharmik, vaidik adi sabhi drishtiyane se ati vishisht mahatva parilakshit hota hai. jyotishiya drishti se surya ko brahmand ki atma, pad, pratishtha, bhautik samriddhi, aushdhi tatha gyan aur buddhika karak grah mana gaya hai. isi prakar panchmi tithi kisi n kisi devta ko samarpit hai. basant panchmi ko mukhyatah sarasvati pujan ke nimiÿa hi mana gaya hai.
is ritu men ‘‘prakriti ko ishvar pradÿa vardan kheton men hariyali evan paudhon evan vrikshon par pallavit pushpon evan falon ke rup men spasht dekha ja sakta hai.’’ sarasvati ji ka jaisa shubh shvet, dhaval rup vedon men varnit kiya gaya hai, vah is prakar hai-
‘‘ya kundendu-tushar-har dhavla ya shubhravastravrita, ya vina-var dandamandit kara ya shvet padmasna. ya brahma-chyut shankr-prabhritibhirdevaiah sada vandita, sa man patu sarasvati bhagvti niah sheshjadyapha.’’
arthat devi sarasvati shital chandrama ki kirnon se girti hui os ki bundon ke shvet har se susajjit, shubh vastron se avrit, hathon men vina dharan kiye hue var mudra men ati shvet kamal rupi asan par virajman hain. sharda devi brahma, shankar achyut adi devtaon dvara bhi sada hi vandaniya hain. aisi devi sarasvati hamari buddhi ki jarta ko nasht karke hamen tikshn buddhi evan kushagra medha se yukt karen. sarasvati devi ke isi rup evan saundarya ka ek prasang ‘matsya puran’ men bhi aya hai, jo lokpujit pitamah brahma ji ke chaturmukh hone ka karan bhi darshata hai.
‘‘jab brahma ji ne jagat ki srishti karne ki ichcha se hriday men savitri ka dhyan karke tap praranbh kiya, us samay unka nishpap sharir do bhagon men vibhakt ho gaya. ismen adha bhag stri aur adha bhag purush rup ho gaya. vah stri sarasvati, ‘shatrupa’ nam se vikhyat hui. vahi savitri, gayatri aur brahmani bhi kahi jati hai. is prakar apne sharir se utpann savitri ko dekhakar brahma ji mugdh ho uthe aur yon kahne lage- kaisa saundaryashali rup hai, kaisa manohar rup hai’’.
tadanatar sundri savitri ne brahma ki pradakshina ki, isi savitri ke rup ka avlokan karne ki ichcha hone ke karan brahma ke mukh ke dahine pashrva men ek nutan mukh prakat ho gaya punah vismay yukt evan farkte hue hothon vala tisra mukh piche ki or udbhut hua tatha unke bain or kamdev ke banon se vyathit ek mukh ka avirbhav hua.
atah spasht hai ki aisi shubh, pavitra tatha saundaryashali devi ati dhaval rup sarasvati devi ki upasna bhi tabhi purnataya falibhut ho sakti hai jab uske lie svayan ishvar tatha prakriti aisa pavitra evan shant vatavaran nirmit karen jabki ham apne man ko purnataya nirmal evan shant banakar purn rupen devi ki upasna men lin kar den evan naisargik pavitra vatavaran men rahakar man, vachan evan karm se purn nishtha evan bhakti se sharda devi ki upasna karen evan unki kripa drishti ke purn adhikari ban jaen. mere vichar se devi sarasvati ki puja evan unki kripa prapti ka basant panchmi se adhik shubh aur pavitra muhurt aur kya ho sakta hai. jabki prakriti aur devta donon hi hamari upasna men sahayak ki bhumika nibhaen.
sarasvati vrat ka vidhan aur fal: basant panchmi ke din sarasvati pujan aur vrat karne se vani madhur hoti hai, smaran shakti tivra hoti hai, praniyon ko saubhagya prapt hota hai, vidya men kushlta prapt hoti hai. pati-patni aur bandhujnon ka kabhi viyog nahin hota hai tatha dirghayu evan nirogta prapt hoti hai.
is din bhaktipurvak brahman ke dvara svasti vachan karakar gandh, akshat, shvet pushp mala, shvet vastradi upcharon se vina, akshamala, kamandal, tatha pustak dharan ki hui sabhi alankaron se alankrit bhagvti gayatri ka pujan karen fir is prakar hath jorakar mantrochchar karen-
‘‘yatha vu devi bhagvan brahma lokpitamhah. tvan parityajya no tishthann, tatha bhav varaprada.. ved shastrani sarvani nritya gitadikan charet. vaditan yat tvaya devi tatha me santusiddhayah.. lakshmirvedvra rishtirgauri tushtiah prabhamtiah. etabhiah parihattanurishtabhirma sarasvati..’’
arthat ‘devi! jis prakar lokpitamah brahma apka kabhi parityag nahin karte, usi prakar ap bhi hamen var dijie ki hamara bhi kabhi apne parivar ke logon se viyog n ho. he devi! vedadi sampurn shastra tatha nritya gitadi jo bhi vidyaen hain, ve sabhi apke adhishthan men hi rahti hain, ve sabhi mujhe prapt hon. he bhagvti sarasvati devi! ap apni- lakshmi, medha, vararishti, gauri, tushti, prabha tatha mati- in ath murtiyon ke dvara meri raksha karen. is vidhi se pujan kar maun hokar bhojan karen.
pratyek mas ki panchmi ko suvasini striyon ka bhi pujan karen, unhen yathashakti til, chaval dugdh v ghrit patra pradan karen aur ‘‘gayatri men priyatam’’ aisa bolane. is prakar varsh bhar vrat karen. vrat ki samapti par brahman ko chavlon se bhara patra, shvet vastra, shvet chandan, ghanta, ann adi padarth bhi dan karen. yadi hon to apne guru dev ka bhi vastra, dhan, dhanya aur mala adi se pujan karen. is vidhi se jo bhi sarasvati pujan karta hai vah vidvan, dhani aur madhur vani se yukt ho jata hai.
bhagvti sarasvati ki kripa se use maharshi vedavyas ke saman gyan prapt ho jata hai. striyan yadi is prakar sarasvati pujan karti hain to unka apne pati se kabhi viyog nahin hota. sarasvati pujan ki mahima: shri durgasaptashati ke uÿar- charitra ki mahima ke prasang men yogacharya maharshi pantjli ka charitra evan sarasvati pujan ka mahatmya is prakar varnit hai. ‘‘ek bar ved vedang tatvagya vyakaran ‘mahabhashya ke rachyita upadhyay ‘pantjli’ devi bhakt ‘katyayn’ rishi ke sath shastrarth men parajit ho gaye.
isse lajjit hokar unhonne vijay shri ki prapti ke lie devi sarasvati ki is prakar stuti ki -
‘‘nayo devyai mahamutrye sarvamutryai namo namah. shivayai sarvamangalyai vishnumayai ch te namah.. tvamev shraddha brahmatvan medha vidya shivankri. shantirbagmi tvamevasi narayni namo namah..’’
is stuti se prasann hokar devi sarasvati ne pantjli rishi ko akashvani men kaha- vipra shreshtha! tum ekagrachit hokar mere uÿar charitra ka jap karo, uske prabhav se tum nishchit hi gyan prapt karoge, katyayan tumse parast ho jayenge. is bhavishyavani ko sunakar patanjli ne sarasvati devi ki aradhna ki aur ve punah shastrarth men katyayan ko parajit kar vijyi huye.
bhagvti vishnu maya ki kripa se ve yogacharya mahavidvan chiranjivi hue. is prakar uparyukt mantra ka jap basant panchmi se praranbh karke niyamit karne se sarasvati ji ki kripa se shraddha, buddhi, medha, vidya shanti tatha priya vani ki prapti nishchit rup se hoti hai aur sadhak kalyan ka bhagi banakar chiranjivi hota hai.