is vartaman sadi men desh ke samajik mahaul men bahut teji se badlav aya hai. pahle vriddhon ki seva ko punya ka karya samjha jata tha, kintu aj vriddhon ke prati paranprik adar ka bhav lupt hota ja raha hai. sanvednhinta is had tak barh gai hai ki log apne burhe mata-pita ko bhi ghar se bahar nikalne lage hain.
unhen mansik yatna dena to am bat ho gayi hai. aisi sthiti men bhi bihar ka gayadham apna pauranik mahatva barkrar rakhe hue hai. aj bhi lakhon hindu sachchi aur shraddhavan pirhi ka karm nibhate apne un purvajon ki atma ko shanti v mukti pradan karane ke lie pahunchte hain, jo barson purva unse juda ho gaye the.
bihar ki rajdhani patna se lagabhag 103 kilo mitar dur sthit bauddhon ki nagri gaya hinduon ki moksha-bhumi mani jati hai. hindu dharm granthon men aisi manyata hai ki jab tak mrit atmaon ke nam par unke vanshjon ke jarie pind dan aur tarpan nahin kie jate tab tak un atmaon ko shanti v mukti nahin milti. atma bhatkti rahti hain.
shraddh evan pindadan ke lie prasiddh 'gaya' vedon ke anusar bharat ke sapt pramukh puriyon men bhi apna ek vishesh sthan rakhta hai. puranon ke anusar yah hinduon ka ek muktiprad tirth hai. dharm granthon ke mutabik pindadan aur tarpan karm kisi bhi din ho sakta hai, lekin ashvin, paush aur chaitra ka krishnapaksh upyukt mana jata hai, ismen bhi ashvin krishn paksh ka vishisht mahatva hai.
shastron ki manyata hai ki is avdhi men samast pitri (pitr) vahan ate hain. yahi karan hai ki pratyek varsh ashvin mah ke krishnapaksh men gaya men pitri (pitr) shanti karne valon ki bhir adhikadhik jutti hai. is avdhi men pindadan karne valon ki sankhya lagabhag das lakh tak pahunch jati hai.
pindadan karne valon men nepal, shrilanka, barma, tibbat, bhutan adi deshon ke hindu dharmavlanbiyon ki sankhya bhi achchi-khasi rahti hai. ise pitri paksh mela ya pitar paksh mela bhi kahte hain. balmiki ramayan, mahabharat, garur puran, matsya puran, bhagavat puran, ling puran, katyayan smriti adi men gaya men pinddan ki paranpra ki vishad charcha milti hain.
pinddan ki shuruat kab aur kisne ki, yah batana utna hi kathin hai jitna ki bhartiya dharma-sanskriti ke udbhav ki koi tithi nishchit karna. parantu sthaniya pandon ka kahna hai ki sarva pratham satyug men brahma ji ne pinddan kiya tha. mahabharat ke 'van parva' men bhishm pitamah aur pandvon ki gaya-yatra ka ullekh milta hai.
isi tarah, maryada purushottam shriram aur yudhishthar ke gaya agaman ka varnan spasht prapt hai. shriram ne maharaja dasharath ka pind dan yahin (gaya) men kiya tha. gaya ke pandon ke pas sakshyon se spasht hai ki maurya aur gupt rajaon se lekar kumaril bhatt, chanakya, ramkrishn parmhans v chaitanya mahaprabhu jaise mahapurushon ka bhi gaya men pinddan karne ka praman milta hai. gaya men falgu nadi prayah sukhi rahti hai.
is sandarbh men ek katha prachlit hai. bhagvan ram apni patni sita ke sath pita dasharath ka shraddh karne gayadham pahunche. shraddh karm ke lie avashyak saman lane ve bajar chale gaye. tab tak raja dasharath ki atma ne pind ki mang kar di. falgu nadi tat par akeli baithi sita ji atyant asmanjas men par gai.
anttogatva falgu nadi, vatvriksh aur gau ko sakshi manakar unhonne balu ka pind banakar de diya. kintu bhagvan shriram ke lautne par falgu nadi aur gau donon mukar gai, par vatvriksh ne sahi bat kahi. isse krodhit hokar sitaji ne falgu nadi ko shrap de diya ki tum sada sukhi rahogi jabki gay ko maila khane ka shrap diya.
vatvriksh par prasann hokar sita ji ne use sada dusron ko chaya pradan karne v lanbi ayu ka vardan diya. tab se hi falgu nadi hamesha sukhi rahti hain, jabki vatvriksh abhi bhi tirthayatriyon ko chaya pradan karta hai. aj bhi falgu tat par sthit sita kund men balu ka pind dan karne ki kriya (paranpra) sanpann hoti hai. tarpan aur pind dan ke lie gaya men 55 bediyan hai, lekin 43 bediyon ka mahattva adhik hai.
inmen bhi vishnu-pad pretshila, vaitrni, sitakund aur falgu dhara sarvopri hain. ye bediyan bikhri hui hain, magar adhikansh bediyan falgu nadi ke kinare hain. inmen 16 bediyan ek hi sthan par hain aur ve khanbhe ke rup men hain. in khanbhbhon par khara ek chaukor sa hol hai. shraddhalugan vahin baithakar pinddan karte hain.
jal tarpan v pinddan se purva sir ka mundan anivarya hota hai. shraddh ki sari prakriya gaya men rahne vale pande hi karate hain. shraddh karya men jal tarpan v pinddan puja ke do avashyak vishisht ang hain. shraddh men prayah tin vidhiyan apnai jati hain. ek vidhi ke anusar shraddh falgu nadi ke tat par vishnu pad mandir men v akshayavat ke niche kiya jata hai. dusri vidhi ke anusar 55 bediyon par pinddan hota hai. jabki tisri vidhi ke anusar 43 bediyon par pinddan hota hai.
vaise jal tarpan ke lie falgu, godavri, ramsagar v brahmakund sahit kai anya talab hain, par vaitrni men jal tarpan atyant mahatvapurn mana jata hai. vaitrni talab ke sandarbh men kaha jata hai ki yahi vah bhayanak nadi hai, jo dharti se svarg ki or bahti hai aur ismen snan matra se purvajon ko narak se aur yatna se mukti milti hai.
shraddhalugan vahan gay athva bachron ka dan bhi karte hain. am dharna hai ki purvaj inki punch ke sahare vaitrni nadi par kar lete hain. dharmashastron ke anusar har shraddh ke bad 'kagbli' anivarya hain. jal tarpan karte samay purvajon ke lie chaval aur jau ke ate v khova ityadi se pind dan kiya jata hai.
sita kund men balu ka pind diya jata hai. aisi manyata hain ki jal tarpan aur pind dan se purvajon ki atma ko purn shanti v bhatkti atma ko pretatva se mukti milti hai. dharm granthon ke mutabik pindadan aur tarpan karm kisi bhi din ho sakta hai, lekin ashvin, paush aur chaitra ka krishnapaksh upyukt mana jata hai, ismen bhi ashvin krishn paksh ka vishisht mahatva hai. shastron ki manyata hai ki is avdhi men samast pitri (pitr) vahan ate hain.
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