punarjanm ki manyata ke sanbandh men vishva ke vibhinn dharmon men alg-alag vichar dharaen prachlit hain lekin chetna pravah ki avichchijjata aur kaya ki nashvarta ko sabhi dharmon (majhbon/mton/sanpradayon) ne saman rup se svikar kiya hai. bhartiya dharm darshan men atma ki amrta evan punarjanm ki sunishchitta ko aranbh se hi manyata prapt hai.
shrimadbhagavadgita men kaha gaya hai- ''jaise manushya purane vastra ko tyag kar naye vastra dharan karta hai, usi prakar yah jivatma bhi purane sharir ko chorakar naya sharir dharan karta hai.
(adhyay-2/22van shlok) chauthe adhyay ke 5ven shlok men kaha gaya hai- ''he arjun, mere aur tumhare anek janm bit gaye hain. ishvar hokar main un sabko janta hun, parantu he parantp! tu use nahin janta.'' samanyatya yah kaha jata hai ki vishva ke do pramukh majhbon isai aur islam men punarjanm ki manyata nahin hai, par unke dharm granthon evan manyataon par bariki se drishti dalne se pratit hota hai ki prakarantar se ve bhi marnottar jivan ki vastavikta ko manyata dete hain aur paroksh rup se use svikar karte hain.
prakhyat vidvan pro. maiksamular ne apne ganrath-''siksasistam auf indiyan filasfi'' men kaha hai ki isai dharm punarjanm ki astha se sarvatha mukt nahin hai. pleto evan paithagoras ke darshanik granthon men is manyata ko svikara gaya hai.
dusri shatabdi ke suprasiddh angrej vidvan airogan ne spasht likha hai- ''bar-bar janm lene par farishte admi ban sakte hain aur admi farishte aur bure-bure log bhi unnati karte-karte achche admi ya farishte ban jate hain.'' isai dharm ke prakhyat vidvan jo jefas ne apni pustak men un yahudi senaptiyon ka havala diya hai jo apne sainikon ke marne ke bad bhi fir se prithvi par janm milne ka ashvasan dekar utsahpurvak larne ke lie prerit karte the.
unhonne likha hai- ''ruhen sab shuddh hoti hain, achche manushyon ki atma fir se achche sharir men jati hain jabki dushkarmiyon ki ruhen saja bhugtti hain. thore dinon pashchat vah fir se naya janm lene ke lie bheji jati hain. achchi ruhen achche sharir men aur buri ruhen bure jismon men, parantu jo log atmahatya karte hain, unhen patal ki andheri duniya men bheja jata hai jise 'heds' nam se jana jata hai.
jojefas ka yah kathan ishopnishad ki us akhyayika se aksharashah milta hai jismen kaha gaya hai- ''adhan tamah pravishanti ye ke chatmahano janaah.'' arthat jo log atmahatya karte hain ve ghor andhkar men jate hain. yahudi dharm men punarjanm ko 'gilgulim' kaha jata hai. yahudi paranpra 'kabbalh' men bhi is manyata ki pradhanta hai.
unke dharm granth 'juhr' men spasht rup se uddhrit hai ki ''sab ruhon ko bar-bar janm lena parta hai.'' isai dharm ka sabse prachin sanpraday-'gnastik sanpraday, hai jiske sanbandh men prasiddh hai ki ve sabhi vidvan, samjhdar aur nek admi the aur sabhi ki marnottar jivan men purn astha thi. isa se chauthi- panchvi sadi ke 'manishiyan' sanpraday ke log bhi punarjanm ko mante the.
itihaskar giban ne apni prasiddh pustak ''diklain end fol auf d roman empayr'' men likha hai ki isa ke shishya punarjanm ko mante the. unke anusar prakhyat isai acharyon men klimains, elegjaindinas, sinesayas, chailsidiyas jaise vidvan ise mante the. bad ke yuropiya vidvanon aur darshanikon men giardanon, ban hemant, svidin barg, gete, laising, charls bonet, haradar, hyum, shaupnhavar jaise khayatilabdh vicharak bhi marne ke pashchat fir se naya janm milne ki bat par vishvas rakhne lage the.
'vijadam auf solemn' granth men mahaprabhu isa ke ve kathan uddhrit hain jismen unhonne apne shishyon se ek din kaha tha- ''pichle janm ka elij (ilyas) hi ab- jan di baiptista' ke rup men janma hai'' baibil ke chaiptar 3, paira 3-7 men isa kahte hain- ''mere is kathan par ashcharya mat karo ki tumhen nishchit rup se punarjanm lena parega.''
sentapal ko to isa ki pratimurti mana jata hai. isai dharm ke prachin acharya origan kahte the- ''pratyek manushya ko apne pichle janmon ke karmon ke anusar agla janm dharan karna parta hai'' pashchatya darshanik pleto, plotinas, kant evan tainishan, jan maiksafild jaise vicharkon ki punarjanm men astha thi.
suvikhyat yunani darshanik paithagoras ka abhimat tha ki marnoprant atma punah prakriti ke kisi bhi prani men ja pahunchti hai. yah nirdharan karm fal vyavastha ke anusar hi hota hai. pleto ne yah bhi svikara hai- ''jo atmaen shuddh ho chuki hain aur sharir par jinka tanik bhi moh nahin hai, ve fir se sharir dharan nahin karengi.
purn rup se anasakt hone par ve avagaman ke chakra se mukt ho jayengi.' unka kahna hai ki- ''anishchit sima' namak apni pustak men shri ji.el. flear ne iski pushti karte hue likha hai ki ''yah bat nahin ki ham yahan se kahin jate hain, ham to yahan pahle se hi the.''
vastutah punarjanm ki manyata jivan ko anavarat rup se gatishil rahne evan uttarottar vikas karte jane ka vishvas dilati hai. arbi men ise 'tanasukh' kahte hain- islam ke pavitra dharm granthon- injil aur kuran men is sanbandh men koi spasht bat nahin likhi hai, par isse inkar bhi nahin kiya gaya hai.
kuran men kaha gaya hai- ''insan! tujhe fir apne rab (khuda) ki taraf jana hai. vahi tera allah hai. tujhe mehanat aur taklif ke pas darje-badrje arthat sirhi charhakar us tak pahunchna hai.'' kuran men kuch ayten spasht rup se kahti hain- ''hamne tumhen jamin men se paida kiya hai aur ham tumhen fir usi jamin men bhej denge aur fir usi men paida karenge, bar-bar akhir tak.'' ek dusri ayat men kaha gaya hai- kaifatak fundvana billahe......
arthat tum apne allah se kaise inkar kar sakte ho. tum mar chuke the. usne tumhen punah jivit kiya. vah tumhen fir marega aur fir jilayega. yahan tak ki akhir men fir tum uske pas laut jaoge.'' is tarah kitni hi ayten hain jo mrityu ke pashchat jivan ki nirantrta par prakash dalti hain.
prasiddh sufi sant maulana rumi ne likha hai- '' main per, paudhe, kit-patange, pashu-pakshi yoniyon men hokar manushya varg men pravesh hua hun aur ab dev varg men sthan prapt karne ki taiyari kar raha hun.'' kuran ki ayton ke adhar par punarjanm men vishvas rakhne vale sufi-santon men ahmd-kin-sabit, ahamad, bina abus, abumuslim khurasani, shekh-ulaishrak, umar khayyam, al-gijali adi pramukh hain.
inhonne kuran ki surtulamabarak ayat 61 aur 92 tatha sur-tulmayada ayat 55 ko pramukh rup se apni manyata ka adhar banaya hai. 'di ensaiklopidiya auf islam' men tanasukh arthat punarjanm par vishad rup se prakash dala gaya hai. uske anusar islam ke bahut se firke hain jo punarjanm ko mante hain visheshakar shiya sanpraday ke log. ''di ensasaiklopidiya auf rilijans end ethiksa'' men kaha gaya hai ki bhartiyon ke atirikt iraniyon, jarthusriyon, misriyon, yahudiyon, yunaniyon, romvasiyon, kailtik evan tiyotonik adi sabhi ne punarjanm ko mana hai.
isi mahaganrath ke barhven khand men afrika, astreliya aur amerika ke adivasiyon ke sanbandh men yah abhilekh hai ki ve sabhi saman rup se marnottar jivan ko mante hain. ab is manyata ko vaigyanik, anusandhan ka vishay svikar kar liya gaya hai. is sandarbh men vaigyanikon evan paramnovigyaniyon ne jo pratyaksh praman jutaye hain, unse logon ko apne purvagrahon ko chorna ya shithil karna par raha hai.
punarjanm vastutah jivan yatra ka agla charan hai, satat gatishilta ka agla ayam hai. iski manyata jivan kram men astikta ki bhavna, nitimatta evan bhavishya ki asha banaye rakhne ki drishti se nitant avashyak hai.
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