bhartiya paranpra evan manyataon ke anusar sabhi tyohar manaye jate hain. dipavli ek rashtriya parva ke rup men manaya jata hai. anya tyohar ek-ek din ke manaye jate hain. sirf dipavli parva kartik krishn trayodshi se kartik shukla dvitiya tak satat panch din tak manaya jata hai. dipotsav ka aranbh kartik krishn trayodshi ko ‘‘dhanters’’ ke din se hoti hai. is din chandi ka bartan kharidna shubh mana gaya hai. parantu vastavikta men yah parva yamraj se sanbandh rakhne vala hai.
is din sayankal men ghar ke bahar mukhya dvar par ek patra men ann rakhakar us par yamraj ke nimitt dakshinabhimukh hokar dipdan karna chahie tatha uska gandhadi se pujan karna chahie. dipdan karte samay nimnalikhit mantra ko parhna chahie - mrityuna pashahasten kalen bharyaya sah. trayodshan dipdanatsuryajah priyatamiti.. yamuna ji yamraj ki bahan hain. isliye puranon ke anusar kartik mas mane yamuna snan aur dipdan tatha upvas rakha ja sake to ati uttam hai. dhanteras nam ayurved ke pravartak bhagvan dhanvantri ke jayanti divas ke adhar par bhi prachlit hai.
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dhanteras ki pauranik katha ek bar yamraj ne apne duton se kaha ki tum log meri agya se mrityulok ke praniyon ke pran haran karte ho, kya tumhen aisa karte samay kabhi dukh bhi hua hai? ya kabhi daya bhi ayi hai? is par yamdutane ne kaha- maharaj ! hamlogane ka karm atyant krur hai parantu kisi yuva prani ki asamyik mrityu hone par uska pran haran karte samay vahan ka karun krandan sunakar ham logon ka pashan hriday bhi vichlit ho jata hai. ek bar ham logon ko ek rajkumar ke pran uske vivah ke chaithe din hi haran karna para.
us samay vahan karun krandan, chitkar aur hahakar dekh- sunakar hamen apne kritya se atyant ghrina ho gayi. us mangalamay utsav ke bich ham logon ka yah kritya atyant ghriinat tha, isse ham logon ka hriday atyant dukhi ho gaya. parantu kya karte? yamraj is ghatna ko sunakar kuch der chup rahe aur fir bole- tumhari is karunik bat se main svayan vichlit ho gaya hun. par kya karun? vidhi ke vidhan ki raksha ke lie hi hamen aur tumhen yah apriya karya saunpa gaya hai. dut ne yah sunakar pucha - svami ! kya aisa koi upay nahin hai, jisse is prakar ki duahkhad akal mrityu se praniyon ko mukti mil sake? kathan sunakar yamraj ne kaha- dhanteras ke parva par mere nimitt dipdan karne se manushya ko kabhi akal mrityu ka samna nahin karna parega.
yahi nahin, jis ghar men yah pujan vidhan aur dipdan kiya jaega, us ghar men bhi koi akal mrityu ka shikar nahin hoga. tabhi se dhanteras ke din yamraj ke nimitt dipdan ki pratha chali a rahi hai. bhagvan dhanvantari ka prakatya dhanteras ke din hua tha, atah unki jayanti ke rup men dhanteras ko unki puja kar rogavimukt svastha- jivan ki yachna ki jati hai. rup chaids- narak chaturdashi dipotsav parva ka dusra din kartik mas ke krishnapaksh ki chaturdashi ‘narkchturdashi’ athva ‘‘rupchaids’’ ke rup men manaya jata hai.
ise ‘choti divali’ bhi kaha jata hai. is din suryoday se purva snan karne se manushya ko yamlok ka darshan nahin karna parta. narak n prapt ho tatha papon ki nivritti ho, is uddeshya se pradosh kal men char battiyon vala dipak jalana chahiye. is din suryoday se pahle uthakar shauchadi se nivritt hokar tel malish kar sugandhit ubatan lagakar snan karna chahie. snan se purva sharir par se apamarg ko mastak par ghumakar snan karne se narak ka bhay nahin rahta. jo manushya is din sayankal yamraj ke nimitt dipdan nahin karte unke shubh karmon ka nash ho jata hai. snan karne ke bad shuddh vastra pahanakar, tilak lagakar dakshinabhimukh hokar nimn nam mantron se pratyek nam se tilyukt tin-tin jalanjli deni chahiye. yah yam tarpan kahlata hai.
isse varshabhar ke pap nasht ho jate hain. ‘un yamam namah,’ un dharmarajay namah, ‘un mrityave namah,’ ‘un antakay namah,’ ‘un vaivasvatay namah, ‘un kalay namah,’ ‘un sarvabhutakshayay namah, ‘unaudumbaray namah, ‘un dadhay namah,’ ‘un chitray namah,’ ‘un chitraguptay namah,’. aur sandhya samay devtaon ka pujan karke dipdan ke samay nimn mantra ka uchcharan karna chahiye. datto dipashrachturdashyan narakapritye maya. chaturvartismayuktah sarvapapapnuttaye.. mandir, guptagrih, rasoighar, devvrikshon ke niche, sabha bhavan, nadiyon ke kinare, chardivari, bagicha, bavri adi pratyek sthan par dipak jalana chahie.
narak chaturdashi pauranik katha
1. puranon ke anusar narak chaturdashi ke din bhagvan shrikrishn ne narkasur ka vadh karke sansar ko bhaymukt kiya tha. is vijay ki smriti men yah parva manaya jata hai.
2. vamnavtar men bhagvan shrihri ne sanpurn prithvi nap li. bali ke dan aur bhakti se prasann hokar vaman bhagvan ne unse var mangne ko kaha. us samay bali ne prarthana ki ki kartik krishn trayodshi sahit in tin dinane men mere rajya ka jo bhi vyakti yamraj ke uddeshya se dipdan kare, use yamyatna n ho aur in dinon men dipavli manane vale ka ghar lakshmiji kabhi n choren. bhagvan ne kaha ‘evamastu’! jo manushya dipotsav karega, use chorakar meri priya lakshmi kahin nahin jayengi.
dipavli skand puran, padmapuran tatha bhavishya puran men vibhinn manyataen upalabdh hoti hanai. maharaj prithu dvara prithvi dohan kar desh ko dhan-dhanyadi se samriddh banane ke upalakshya men dipavli manaye jane ka ullekh hai to kahin aj ke din samudra manthan se bhagvti lakshmi ke pradurbhav hone ki prasannata men janmanas ke ullas ka dipotsav manaye jane ka ullekh hai.
vahin kartik krishn chaturdashi ko bhagvan shrikrishn dvara atyachari narkasur ka vadh kar uske bandigrih se solah hajar rajakanyaon ka uddhar karne par dusre arthat amavasya ke din abhinandan karne ke lie dipmalika manai gayi thi to kahin mahabharat ke adi parva men pandvon ke sakushal vanvas se lautne par unke abhinandnarth dipmala se unka svagat karne ke prasang ko is parva se jora gaya hai to kahin shriram ke vijyopalakshya men ayodhya men unke svagtarth prajjvalit dipmala se dipavli ka sanbandh sthapit kiya gaya hai.
kahin samrat vikramaditya ke vijyopalakshya men janta dvara dipmalika prajjvalit kar unka abhinandan karne ka ullekh hai. ‘kalpasutra’ namak jain granthanusar aj hi ke din jain sanpraday pravartak shri mahavir svami ne apni aihik lila sanpann ki thi. us samay desh deshantar se aye hue unke shishyon ne yah nishchay kiya ki ‘‘gyan surya’’ to ast ho gaya ab dipon ka prakash kar yah din manana chahiye. isi prakar anek pauranik granth tatha 15vin sadi tak ke itihas men is parva ke vishay men varnan prapt hua hai. isliye yah rashtriya parva bahut purane kal se akhandit chala a raha hai.
dipavli ka samajik aur dharmik donon drishtiyon se vishesh mahatva hai. is parva ke sath hamare yug ka itihas jura hua hai. samajik drishti se is parva ka mahattva isliye hai ki dipavli ane ke purva se hi ghar-dvar ki svachchata par dhyan diya jata hai. ghar ka kura-karakat saf kiya jata hai. tut-fut sudhar divaron par tatha darvaje par rang-rogan kiya jata hai jisse varshakalin asvachchata ka parimarjan ho jata hai. svachch aur sundar vatavaran, sharir aur mastak ko navchetna tatha sfurti pradan karta hai. brahmapuran men likha hai ki kartik ki amavasya ko ardharatri ke samay lakshmi maharani sadgrihasthon ke ghar men yahan-vahan vicharan karti hai. islie apne ghar ko sabhi prakar se svachch, shuddh, sushobhit karke dipavli manane se lakshmi ji prasann hoti hain, vahan sthayi rup se nivas karti hai.
prayah pratyek ghar men log apne riti-rivaj ke anusar sanpann lakshmipujan tatha dravyalakshmi pujan karte hain. dipavli ke din sanpann dhankuberon ke ghar se lekar shramikon ke jhopriyon tak dipavli ka prakash drishtigochar hota hai. dipavli ke din man aur vicharon ko pavitra kar utsah aur ullas se paripurn hokar pratah brahm muhurt men uthakar dainik krityane se nivritt ho, pitrigan tatha devtaon ka pujan karna chahiye. sanbhav ho to dudh, dahi aur ghrit se pitron ka shraddh karna chahie. yadi yah sanbhav n ho to din bhar upvas karke godhuli vela men athva vrishabh, sinh, vrishchik adi sthir lagn men shrignesh, kalash, shodash matrika evan grah pujan purvak bhagvti lakshmi ka shodshopchar pujan karna chahie.
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kuch sthanon men divar par khari ya mitti tatha vibhinn rangon dvara chitra banakar thali men terah athva chabbis dipak tel se prajjvalit chaimukha dipak rakhakar dipmalika ka pujan karte hain. ganesh evan bhagvti lakshmi ki murti pate par rakhakar kuch chandi adi ke sikke rakhakar pujan karte hain aur un dipon ko ghar ke mukhya sthanon par rakh dete hain. chaimukha dipak rat bhar prajjvalit rahe aisi vyavastha karte hain. pujan ke ant men mahakali ka davat ke rup men, mahasarasvati ka kalam, bahi adi ke rup men tatha kuber ka tula ke rup men savidhi pujan karna chahie. pujan ke anantar pradakshina kar bhagvti ko pushpanjli samarpit karni chahie.
ardharatri ke bad ghar ki striyan sup adi bajakar daridra ka nivaran karti hain. mahabharat men spasht rup se batlaya gaya hai ki ghar ki svachchata, sundrta aur shobha to lakshmi ke nivas ki prathmikta hai hi, sath hi yah sab bhi apekshit hai. jaisa ki devi rukmini ne lakshmiji se prashn kiya he devi ! ap kin-kin sthanon par rahti hain tatha kis-kis ko kripa drishti se anugrihit karti hain? tab svayan devi lakshmi batati hain ! un purushon ke gharon men satat nivas karti hun, jo saubhagyashali nirbhik, sachcharitra tatha kartavya parayan hain, jo akrodhi, bhakt, kritagya, jitendriya tatha satva sanpann hote hain, jo svabhavtah nijadharm, kartavya tatha sadacharan men satarkatapurvak tatpar hote hain, dharmagya tatha gurujnon ki seva men nirat rahte hain. man ko vash men rakhne vale, kshamashil aur samathryashali hain.
isi prakar un striyon ke ghar priya hain, jo kshamashil, jitendriya, satya par vishvas rakhne vali, jinhen dekhakar sabhi prasann hon, shilvti, saubhagyavti, gunvti, patiprayna, sabka mangal chahne vali tatha sadgun sanpann hoti hain. bhagvti lakshmi kin vyaktiyon ke gharon ko chorakar chali jati hain, is vishay men svayan devi rukmini se kahti hain - jo purush akarmanya, nastik, kritaghn, durachari, krur, chor tatha gurujnane ke dosh dekhne vala ho uske ghar men nivas nahin kartin.
jinmen tej, bal, satva kam ho, har bat men jo khinn rahta ho, man men hamesha duja bhav rakhta ho, aise manushya ke ghar men main nivas nahin karti hun. isi prakar un striyon ke ghar bhi mujhe priya nahin jo apne grihasthi ke samanon ki chinta nahin kartin, bina soche samjhe kam karti hain, pati ke pratikul bolti hain, paraye ghar men anurag rakhti hain, nirlajj, pap karm men ruchi rakhne vali, apvitra, chatori, adhir, jhagralu tatha sada sone vali aisi striyon ke ghar ko chorakar main chali jati hun. govardhan puja - ‘‘parva’’ dipavli parva ke chaithe din kartik shukla pratipda ko (parva) yah govardhan namak parva manaya jata hai.
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is din pavitra hokar pratahkal govardhan tatha gopesh bhagvan shrikrishn ka pujan karna chahiye. govardhan puja ke samay nimn mantra bolna chahiye - ‘‘govardhan dharadhar gokulatrankarak. vishnuvahkritochchay gavan kotiprado bhav..’’ arthat prithvi ko dharan karne vale govardhan ! ap gokul ke rakshak hain. bhagvan shrikrishn ne apko apni bhujaon par uthaya tha. ap mujhe karoron gauen pradan karen. dusri bat yah hai ki is samay tak shardkalin upaj paripakva hokar gharon men a jati hai. bhandar paripurn ho jate hain. shardiya upaj se jo dhanya prapt hote hain, usse chappan prakar ke bhog banakar, gavya padarthon ko bhi is utsav men sajakar, gomay ka govardhan banakar tatha shrimnnarayan ko bhog lagakar pujan kiya jata hai.
bhaiyaduj dipotsavaparva ka samapan divas hai kartik shukla dvitiya, jise bhaiyyaduj kaha jata hai. shastron ke anusar bhaiyyaduj athva yam dvitiya ko mrityu ke devta yamraj ka pujan kiya jata hai. is din bahnen bhai ko apne ghar amantrit kar athva sayankal unke ghar jakar unhane tilak karti hain aur bhojan karati hain. brajmandal is din bahn-bhai ke sath yamuna-snan karti hai, jiska vishesh mahattva bataya gaya hai. bhai ke kalyan aur vriddhi ki kamna se bahnen is din kuch anya manglik vidhan bhi karti hanai aur bhai-bahan ka samvet bhojan kalyankari mana gaya hai.
pauranik katha ke anusar is din bhagvan yamraj apni bahan yamuna se milne jate hain. unhin ka anukaran karte hue bhartiya bhratri-paranpra apni bahnon se milti hai aur unka yathesht samman- pujnadi kar unse ashirvad rup tilak prapt kar krit kritya hoti hai. bahnon ko is din nitya kritya se nivritt ho apne bhai ke dirgh jivan, kalyan evan utkarsh tatha svayan ke saubhagya ke lie akshat, kunkumadi se ashtadal kamal banakar is vrat ka sankalp kar mrityu ke devta yamraj ki vidhipurvak puja karni chahiye. iske pashchat yam-bhagini yamuna, chitragupt aur yamduton ki puja karni chahie. tadanantar bhai ko tilak lagakar bhojan karana chahiye. is vidhi ke sanpann hone tak donon ko vrati rahna chahiye.
is parva ke sanbandh men pauranik katha is prakar milti hai- surya ko sandhya se do santanen thin- putra yamraj tatha putri yamuna. sandhya surya ka tej sahan n kar pane ke karan apni chaya- matri-pitri ka nirman kar use hi apne putra-putri ko saunp vahan se chali gayi. chaya ko yam aur yamuna se kisi prakar se lagav n tha, kintu yam aur yamuna men bahut prem tha. yamuna apne bhai yamraj ke yahan prayah jati aur unke sukh, duahkh ki baten pucha karti. yamuna yamraj ko apne ghar par ane ke liye kahti, kintu vyastata tatha dayitva bojh ke karan ve uske ghar n ja pate the. ek bar kartik shukla dvitiya ko yamraj apni bahan yamuna ke ghar achanak ja pahunche. bahan yamuna ne apne sahodar bhai ka bara adr-satkar kiya. vividh vyanjan banakar unhen bhojan karaya tatha unke bhal par tilak lagaya. yamraj apni bahan dvara kiye gaye satkar se bahut prasann hue aur unhonne yamuna ko vividh bhent samarpit ki. jab ve vahan se chalne lage, tab unhonne yamuna se koi bhi manovanchit var mangne ka anurodh kiya.
yamuna ne unke agrah ko dekhakar kaha- bhaiya ! yadi ap mujhe var dena hi chahte hain, to yahi var dijiye ki aj ke din prativarsh ap mere yahan aya karen aur mera atithya svikar kiya karen. isi prakar jo bhai apni bahan ke ghar jakar uska atithya svikar kare tatha use bhent de, uski sab abhilashaen ap purn kiya karen aur use apka bhay n ho. yamuna ki prarthana ko yamraj ne svikar kar liya. tabhi se bahn-bhai ka yah tyohar manaya jane laga. vastutah is tyohar ka mukhya uddeshya hai bhai-bahan ke madhya saumanasya aur sadbhavna ka pavan pravah anavarat pravahit rakhna tatha ek dusre ke prati nishkapat prem ko protsahit karna. samashti rup men, svasthyasampad, dhanasampad, shasyasampad, shaktisampad tatha ullas aur anand ko parivardhit karne vale ‘dipavli parva’ ka dharmik, samajik aur rashtriya mahattva anupam hai aur vahi ise parvaraj bana deta hai.
jivan men jarurat hai jyotishiya margadarshan ki? abhi bat karen fyuchar point jyotishiyon se!