panchangon men bhinnata kyon? pan. kishor ghildiyal kal ke mukhay panch ang hote hain - tithi, var nakshatra, yog, v karan. in panch angon ke mel ko hi panchang kaha jata hai. alg-alag pranton men alg-alag paddhatiyon par adharit panchang prayog men lae jate hain. paddhatiyon ki is bhinnata ke karan hi panchangon men bhinnata hoti hai. is bhinnata ke karnon par vichar karne se purva panchangon ke itihas par vichar bharatavarsh ke rishi muniyon ne apne gyan ke adhar par prachin shastron men kaha hai ki kalyug men chah shak honge jinmen se tin ho chuke hain aur tin abhi hone baki hain. inke nam aur avdhi nimnalikhit talika men prastut hain.
spasht hai ki rajaon ke nam par in shakon v sanvton ka namakaran hua. vartaman men shak tatha vikram sanvat adhik prachlit hain. sanvat shabd sanvatsar ka apabhransh hai. vikram sanvat raja vikramaditya ke kal men aranbh hua. yah chaitra shukla pratipda (chaitra mas ke shuklapaksh ki praranbh tithi) ko shuru hota hai. shak sanvat shak vansh ke rajaon ne aranbh kiya jo ki pratyek varsh ke surya ke sayan mesh rashi men pravesh ke samay arthat 22 march ko mana jata hai.
sanvatsaron ke aranbh ke samay men antar ke karan panchogon men 1 se 3 din tak ka antar a jata hai. shak sanvat vikram sanvat se 135 varsh piche hai jo angreji isvi san se 78 varsh kam hota hai. ise am shabdon men ham aise kah sakte hain ki angreji san men 57 jorne par vikram sanvat tatha 78 ghatane par shak sanvat prapt hota hai. panchangon men antar kyon? surya jab makar men pravesh karta hai tab uttarayan aur jab kark men pravesh karta hai tab dakshinayan hota hai.
isi adhar par bharat men varsh ka do barabar bhagon men vibhajan karne ka vidhan kiya gaya hai. sanvton ka sidha sanbandh surya v chandra ki gati se hai. surya aur chandra ki gati men antar hone se saur varsh men 11 dinon ka fark ata hai, jis karan tisre ya chauthe varsh 1 mas jorakar adhik mas bana liya jata hai jise malmas v kshayamas kaha jata hai. panchangon men bhinnata ke karan ganna men bhi bhinnata ati hai. bharat ek ati vishal desh hai. yahan suryoday ke samay men bhi fark ata hai.
jyotish men suryoday se agle suryoday tak ek var gina jata hai, jabki amavasya ke din se surya se chandra jab 12 digri age chala jata hai tab ek tithi mani jati hai. kabhi-kabhi tithi ghat ya barh bhi jati hai. falasvarup panchang shuddhi karni parti hai. angreji isvi san ka prachalan barhne se bhi panchangakartaon ne panchangon men angreji mas, tarikh adi likhna praranbh kiya jisse agla var madhyaratri se gina jane laga. falasvarup panchangon men antar ana svabhavik ho gaya. bharat men anek dharmon ke log rahte hain aur ve apne-apne samuday dvara nirdharit riti-rivajon ka palan karte hain.
in samudayon aur sanpradayon ke apne-apne panchang hain aur riti-rivajon men bhinnata ke karan in panchangon men bhi bhinnata hai. muslim samuday hijri sanvat ko manta hai, jismen amavasya ke bad jis rat ko pratham chandra darshan hota hai vahi masaranbh ka din mana jata hai. falasvarup mas ka pahla din suryast se mana gaya. ye mahine 29 ya 30 din ke hote hain. is karan bhi panchang ki alag avashyakta pari. tatparya yah ki panchangon men bhinnata ke anekanek karan hain.
bharat ka ati vishal hona, alg-alag dharm ke logon ka v alg-alag maton ka hona, angreji ka barhta prabhav adi is bhinnata ke mukhay karan hain. vidanbna yah hai ki panchangon ka koi sarvasammat manak tay nahin hai. falasvarup upalabdh panchangon men koi bhi suchna ek-si nahin hoti jisse amajan bhramit hota rahta hai.