brahmand men sabhi grah tatha prithvi apne nirdharit path par surya ki nirantar parikrama karte hain. jab chandrama gochar karte hue surya aur prithvi ke madhya akar apni chaya se surya ko dhank leta hai to surya grahan hota hai aur jab prithvi chandra aur surya ke madhya akar apni chaya se chandra ko dhankti hai to chandra grahan hota hai. surya grahan ke pahle ya bad men chandra grahan avashya hota hai. jin deshon men grahan dikhai deta hai vahan prakritik apdaen ati hain.
purn grahan ko ‘khagras’ tatha apurn grahan ko ‘khandagras’ kahte hain. surya ‘khagras’ ke avasar par jab chandrama thik surya ke madhya se gochar karta hai, us samay surya ka parimandal (golakar chamkdar kinara) ‘kankn’ rup men dikhai parta hai. aisa adbhut drishya kuch kshan ke lie varshon men kabhi-kabhi dikhai deta hai. purn surya grahan adhikatam 7 minat 30 sekand hi rah sakta hai, jabki purn chandra grahan adhikatam ek ghanta 45 minat tak ka ho sakta hai.
grahnon ka ek chakra 18 saur varsh aur 11 din men pura hota hai. is avdhi ke bad grahnon ke kram ki punravritti hoti hai. ek varsh men kam se kam 2 aur adhikatam 7 grahan ho sakte hain. chandra grahan surya grahan ke barabar ya apekshakrit kam hote hain.
jaise - 7 grahnon men 4 ya 5 surya grahan tatha 3 ya 2 chandra grahan ho sakte hain. surya grahan ki apeksha chandra grahan par prithvi ki chaya chandrama ko adhik bar purnarupen dhank leti hai. surya grahan kabhi bhi puri prithvi par drishtigochar nahin hota parantu chandragrahan adhikatar sanpurn prithvi par dikhai dete hain. varsh 2017 men 2 surya grahan tatha 2 chandra grahan honge.
10 farvri ko ratri 28 bajakar 4 minat se 11 farvri pratah 8 bajakar 23 minat (kul 4 ghante 19 mint) tak chandra grahan bharat men drishya hoga. 26 farvri ka ‘kankn’ surya grahan bharat men nahin dikhega. 7 agast ko 21 bajakar 20 minat se 5 ghante ka anshik chandra grahan bharat men dikhai dega. agast 21, 2017 ka purn (khagras) surya grahan bharat men adrishya rahega
is prakar donon surya grahan bharat men nahin dikhenge, jisse inka desh par ashubh prabhav naganya rahega. chandra grahan purnima ko aur surya grahan amavasya ko ghatit hota hai, parantu pratyek purnima ya amavasya ko grahan nahin hota, kyonki har bar surya, chandrama aur prithvi ek dhuri men nahin hote tatha kuch upar ya niche rah jate hain. jis purnima ko surya tatha chandrama ke ansh, kala aur vikla prithvi ke saman hote hain usi purnima ko chandra grahan hota hai.
isi prakar jis amavasya ko surya tatha chandrama ke ansh, kala aur vikla prithvi ke saman hote hain to surya grahan hota hai. bhartiya grahan gyan hajaron varsh pahle ‘surya siddhant’ granth men bataya gaya tha ki chandra grahan ka karan us par prithvi ki chaya parna hai, tatha surya grahan chandrama ki chaya parne se hota hai. daivagya bhaskaracharya ke anusar akash men prakashman pindon ke samne jab koi aprakashit aur aparadarshak pind a jata hai tab us jyotirpind ka prakash chip jata hai
aur dusri or valon ko keval chaya dikhai deti hai. is sthiti ko ‘grahn’ kahte hain. ‘grahn’ ka ullekh adikavya ‘valmiki ramayn’ (sundrkand) men tatha acharya kalidas rachit ‘raghuvansh’ men bhi milta hai. acharya varahmihir ne bhi ‘brihat sanhita’ granth (560 i.) men grahnon ke bare men vistrit vivaran diya hai. adhunik khagolshastri aur vaigyanik bhaskaracharya aur varahmihir ke vicharon ka anumodan karte hain. yah mante hain ki surya kirnon ke prithvi par nahin pahunchne ka prabhav manushyon ke sharir par parta hai.
pachan kriya mand parti hai tatha vatavaran men kai prakar ke vishanuon men vriddhi hoti hai. sharir ka tapman girta hai tatha rakt pravah men shithilta ati hai. ‘surya grahn’ ko bina uchit avaran ke dekhne par ankhon ki drishti hani hoti hai. parantu ve grahan ke dharmik paksh ko svikar nahin karte aur grahan ko keval grahon ke parikraman ki ek khagoliya ghatna mante hain. vaidik jyotish shastra men grahan ka mahatva ‘grahn’ ka prabhav puri srishti ke manushyon v jiv-jantuon par parta hai. ‘grahn’ ane vali vipda ke suchak hote hain.
grahan ke mukhya prabhav is prakar hote hain:
1. surya grahan ke 15 din bad chandra grahan ho to shubh faldayak hota hai.
2. chandragrahan ke 15 din bad surya grahan ashubh prabhavi hota hai.
3. yadi ek paksh men hi 2 grahan pare to vishva men upadrav, yuddh tatha prakritik prakopon se jan, dhan aur ann ki hani hoti hai. mahabharat ka yuddh iska pramukh praman hai.
4. vinashkari bhukanp adhikatar grahan ke nikat sthan par ardharatri ya pratahkal men ate hain.
5. kundli ke jis bhav men grahan lagta hai us bhav ke fal prabhavit hote hain.
6. janmakundli men jis ansh par grahan lagta hai is ansh ke pas yadi koi grah ho to grahan ka us par prabhav parta hai. vah grah jiska svami v karak hoga uska ashubh fal milega.
7. grahan ke samay janme shishu ke mata-pita ko duahkh aur vipatti ka samna karna parta hai. atah grahan dosh ki shanti karvani chahie.
8. agni tatva rashi men grahan shasak varg ke lie anishtakarak hota hai tatha iske karan agjni v yuddh ki sanbhavna hoti hai.
9. prithvi tatva rashi men grahan andhi tufan se hani darshata hai. 16-9-2016 ke vayu tatva rashi men lanbe chandra grahan se samudrik tufan dvara chin, taivan v filipins men bhari tabahi hui thi.
11. jal tatva rashi men grahan barh evan varsha se kasht tatha jan v jivan ki hani darshata hai.
12. grahan par shubh brihaspati ki drishti ashubh prabhav ko kam karti hai tatha ashubh shani ki drishti ashubh prabhav ki vriddhi karti hai. grahan fal prapti kal
1. khagras (purna) grahan ka fal 20 dinon men ghatit hota hai.
2. tripad (3/4) grahan ka fal ek mas men hota hai.
3. arddh (1/2) grahan ka fal do mas men hota hai.
grahan kal men dharmik kritya grahan ke tin din pahle aur tin din bad tak shubh karya varjit hote hain. grahan janit dosh ko dur karne ke liye pavitra nadiyon v jalashyon men snan v isht dev ka mantra jap tatha pujan karna chahie. grahan moksh (samapti) ke bad punah snan kar dan karna shubh faldayi hota hai.
‘dharm sindhu’ granth ke anusar grahan lagne par samyanusar pavitra nadiyon men snan, grahan ke madhyakal men pujan, havan aur shraddh tatha jab grahan samapt hone vala ho tab punah snan kar dan karna chahie. yadi surya grahan ravivar ko ho aur chandra grahan somvar ko ho to us samay snan, puja, jap, havan tatha dan ka kai guna shubh fal milta hai.
puranon men chandra grahan kal snan ka mahatva varansi men aur surya grahan kal men snan ka mahatva pushkar v kurukshetra men bataya gaya hai. shrimad bhagavat puran ke dasham skandh (uttararddha) ke anusar shrikrishn ke pita shri vasudevji ne surya grahan ke avasar par kurukshetra men snan tatha yagya kiya tha. ‘agast sanhita’ ke anusar surya grahan ‘mantra sadhna’ ke liye shreshth samay hota hai. ‘chandra grahn’ ki apeksha ‘surya grahn’ kal mantra-tantra sadhna tatha siddhi ke lie vishesh shubhfldayi mana gaya hai. surya grahan se char pahar (12 ghante) aur chandra grahan se tin pahar (9 ghante) pahle sutak lagta hai aur mandiron ke pat band rahte hain.
sutak men vaishnavon, vidhvaon aur virakton ko bhojan karana nishedh hai. keval balak, vriddh aur rogi ko chut di gai hai. grahan kal men hasya vinod aur sona nishedh hai. grahan kal men dudh, dahi, paka hua ann aur jal men kush athva tulsi-patra dalakar rakhne ka shastrokt vidhan hai. isse un vastuon par hanikarak prabhav nahin parta. garbhavati mahila ko n to grahan dekhna chahie aur n ghar se bahar jana chahie. isse garbhasth shishu ko hani nahin hoti. grahan kal ki vishisht sadhnaen
1) grahan kal men ‘gayatri mantra’ jap rojgar men saflta deta hai.
2. ‘mahamrityunjay mantra ke jap se rog mukti hoti hai.
3. dhan prapti ke lie ‘shri yantra’ ki puja kar ‘kankdhara stotra, ‘shri sukta’ ya ‘lakshmi sukta’ ka yathashakti jap karna chahie.
4. rahu janit kasht nivaran ke lie ‘shiv aradhna’ karni chahie.
5. sarhesati hone par ‘shani mantra’ ka jap tatha ‘raja dasharath krit shani stotra’ ka yathashakti path karna chahie.
6. ‘chandra grahn’ ke samay ratri men vidyakarak mantron ke jap se buddhi prakhar hoti. chandra rashi se grahan ka prabhav ah grahan ka vyakti ki janmakundli men chandra rashi se vibhinn bhavon men prabhav rahu ke gochar fal ke saman hota hai.
1. mesh - rog, svasthya hani v ghat ki sanbhavna.
2. vrish - dhan hani
3. mithun - dhanagaman tatha sukh ki prapti
4. kark - duahkh, hani aur mata ko kashta
5. sinh - putra chinta tatha dhan hani.
6. kanya - sukh men vriddhi
7. tula - stri viyog, vyarth bhraman tatha vyapar men hani hoti hai.
8. vrishchik - kasht, rog, v mrityu ka bhay hota hai.
9. dhanu - manhani tatha pita ko kasht hota hai.
10. makar - karya siddhi v labh prapt hota hai.
11. kunbh - labh, aur bhagya vriddhi hoti hai.
12. min - hani aur vyay ki adhikta hoti hai.