chandra aur saurmas ke samanvay se upja adhik mas bhartiya panchangon men varsh ki ganna saurmas se aur mah ki ganna chandramas dvara hoti hai. chunki ek saur varsh 365 din v chandravarsh 354 din ka hota hai, is prakar chandravarsh ki tulna men saur varsh 11 din adhik bara hai, is antar ka samanvay karne ke lie pratyek dhai varsh bad ek chandramas ki vriddhi kar di jati hai. yah barha hua chandramas hi adhik mas kahlata hai. pratham amantamas hi ashuddh mas hai- adhik mas ki ganna amant mas adharit panchangon men satik baithti hai. in panchango men jo sankranti vihin pratham mas hota hai, vahi adhik mas ya ashuddhamas kahlata hai
tatha iske pashchat jo dvitiya mas hota hai, vah shuddhamas kahlata hai. amant mas adharit panchangon men chandramas ka praranbh shukla paksh ki pratipda se hota hai, tatha iski samapti krishn paksh ki amavasya ko hoti hai. do amavasyaon ke madhya ka samay (30 tithi) arthat ek amavasya se dvitiya amavasya tak ek chandramas hota hai. pratyek chandramas men ek surya sankranti hoti hai. do amavasyaon ke madhya jab koi surya sankranti n ho to aisa amant mas adhik mas ya malmas kahlata hai.
nyunatam 27 mah bad ata hai adhik mas 30 tithiyon ka ek chandramas hota hai evan 360 tithiyon ka ek chandra varsh hota hai kintu saurmas ki ganna se 371 tithiyon ka ek saur varsh hota hai. is prakar saur varsh se chandra varsh 11 tithi chota hai. 11 tithiyon ka yah adhishesh barhta-barhta lagabhag sarhe 32 mahinon men ek chandramas ke barabar ho jata hai. yah adhik mas ki madhyaman (aust) ganna hai. spashtaman se do adhikmason men kam se kam 27 mahine evan adhik se adhik 35 mahinon ka antar hota hai. malmas men varjit karya adhik mas ashuddh samay ya malmas hone ke karan is mahine men vividh kamya karm jaise- garbhadhan, vivah, upanayan adi sanskar, yagya, devapratishtha, tuladan, kupakhanan, tirth yatra tatha vibhinn prakar ke rangarang mahotsav nahin karna chahiye. janmotsav bhi adhik mas men varjit hai.
varsh shraddh adhikmas men karen pratyek varsh men mata-pita ki marn-tithi par ap jis prakar varshik shraddh karte a rahe hain, vaisa hi shraddh adhik mas men bhi vah tithi upasthit hone par karna chahiye. purnimant paddhati ko manne vale uttarabhartiyon ke pitron ka varsh shraddh yadi asharh krishn paksh men parta ho to ve pratham asharh krishn paksh ki vah tithi ane par kar sakte hain. jinki mrityu pichle varsh asharhmas men hui ho to unka pratham varshik shraddh adhik asharhmas men karna hi shastra sammat hai. malmas hua purushottam narad puran ke anusar - prachinkal men sarvapratham adhikmas ki utpatti hui. us mas ko surya sankranti n hone ke karan ‘malmas’ kaha gaya hai
vah svami rahit malmas dev-pitar adi ki puja tatha mangal karyon ke liye agrahya mana gaya. lok ninda se vah atyant dukhit ho gaya. vah adhir hokar bhatkta hua bhagvan vishnu ke lok vaikunth men pahunch gaya. ashrupat karta hua bhagvan vishnu se bola -‘‘kripanidhan ! mera nam malmas hai, sansar ke logon ne mera tiraskar kar diya hai. ab main apki sharan men hun. he kripa sindhu! mera uddhar karo. aisa kahakar malmas bhagvan vishnu ke charnon men gir para. malmas ko sharnagat hua dekhakar bhagvan vishnu bole - ‘‘vats ! tum mere sath go lok chalo, jo yogiyon ke liye bhi durlabh hai.
jahan par sabke svami bhagvan purushottam shrikrishn chinmay (divya) rup se virajman hain. vahan pahunchne par hi tumhara dukh dur hoga.’’ malmas ko sath liye bhagvan vishnu ne golok men pahunchakar bhagvan shrikrishn ke nivas jyotidham ko dekha. us jyotidham ke divyatej se bhagvan vishnu ke netra band ho gaye. gop-gopikaon ke samuday se ghire shrikrishn ko dekhakar vishnuji ne unhen shraddha se pranam kiya. bhagvan vishnu ne malmas ko shrikrishn ke charnon men natamastak karvaya aur bole- ‘‘yah adhikmas arkasankraman se rahit ho jane ke karan malin ho chuka hai. shastravihit punya karm ke ayogya hone ke karan, svami rahit iski sabne ghor ninda ki hai. he hrrishikesh ! apke atirikt dusra koi bhi iske mahan klesh ka nivaran nahin kar sakta. kripya ise santap ki pira se mukt kijiye. bhagvan shrikrishn ne kaha- vishno! ab main ise apne tulya karta hun.
mujhmen jitne sadgun hain, un sab ko aj se mainne malmas ko saunp diye hain. mera nam jo vedshastra aur lok men vikhyat hai, aj se usi ‘purushottama’ nam se yah bhutal par prasiddh hoga aur main svayan iska svami ho gaya hun. jis parmdham golok men pahunchne ke liye yogi, muni kathor tapasya men rat rahte hain vahi durlabh pad purushottam mas men snan, pujadi anushthan karne vale ko sugmta se prapt ho sakega. ‘‘jo koi shraddha-bhakti se purushottam mas ki puja karta hai marnoprant use golok ki prapti hoti hai aur vahan pahunchakar vah shrikrishn ka sannidhya prapt karta hai. is prakar adhik mas barah mahinon men sarvottam hone se purushottam mas bana tha.
purushottamamas men purushottam ki puja- purushottam mas sarvadhik pavitra aur sarvashreshth hone se bhagvan shrikrishn ka dhyan, bhajan, pujan karna chahiye. is mahine men shrimadbhagavat gita ya puran ka nitya path karna mahan punyadayak hota hai. shriradhikaji sahit purushottam shrikrishn ka dhyan-smaran karte huye is mantra ka jap karna chahiye. govarddhanadharan vande gopalan goprupinam. gokulotsavamishanan govindan gopikapriyam.. (maharshi kaundinya) purushottam mas ki amavasya, purnima tatha donon purushottami ekadshiyon ko vrat, pujan evan dan karne se malinta v daridrata dur hoti hai tatha marnoprant golok aur purushottam bhagvan shri gopal krishn ki sayujyata prapt hoti hai.