makar sankranti ka dinan khichri parva ke rup men manaya jata hai. shastriya matbhed ke chalte bhartiya panchangon ne har varsh ki bhanti is varsh bhi makar sankranti ki khub khichri pakai hai. nirnayasagar chandamatrtand panchang dinank 14 janvri 2011 shukravar ko sayankal 18/42 ghanta minat par makar sankranti bata raha hai tatha munbai ka date panchang bhi ek nat ke antar se 17:43 arthat sham 6 bajakar 43 minat par surya ka makar rashi men sankraman bata raha hai. jabki kalantar v gvaliyar panchangon ne 14 janvri ki ratri 12:25 par makar sankranti ankit ki hai.
is prakar bharat ke vividh panchangon ke madhya surya ki makar sankranti kal men lagabhag 6 ghante ka antar virajman hai. had to us samay ho jati hai jabki date panchang makar sankranti punyakal dusre din 15 janvri ke suryoday se suryast tak likh deta hai. yah dharmashastra v muhurt granthon ke siddhanton ke viruddh hai. nirnay sagar 14 janvri ko madhyahnakal se 15 janvri ko suryoday tak makar sankranti punya likha hai. sankranti punyakal kab? makar sankranti ke punyakal ka vishesh mahatva hota hai.
sankranti punyakal men bhi pavitra nadiyon men snan, abhisht mantron ka jap, til ka lok-tarpan aur til-gun-ann v svarn adi ka dan kiya jata hai. makar sankranti ka punyakal kab hona chahie, is sandarbh men vibhinn shastriya vachnon ki bharmar hai.
trinshatkarkatake nadyah makre tu dashadhikaah. bhavishyatyag men punyan atite chottarayne.. acharya hemadri ke anusar, ‘‘yadi sankranti adhirat se pahle lage to din men dopahar bad punyakal hota hai tatha adhi rat ke bad hone par agle din punyakal hota hai. makar sankranti yadi sayankal ke tin ghati ke andar ya pahle ho to pahle din (arthat usi din) tatha tin ghati ke bad hone par agle din (dusre din) punyakal hota hai.’’
sandhya trinari pramitark binbad-drdhoditastadadh udhrvamatra. chedyamyasaumye ayne kramatstah punyau tadanin par purvaghastrau.. -muhurt chintamni (03/07) arddh udit evan ardhast surya binb se purva ki 3 evan pashchat ki 3 ghati (1 ghanta 12 mint) ki kramshah pratah evan sayan sandhya hoti hai. sayan sandhya se purva yadi makar ki sankranti ho to usi din punyakal hota hai. yadi sayan sandhya ke uprant makar sankranti ho to dusre din punyakal hota hai.
’pashchim bharat men makar sankranti parva is bar 14 janvri ko hai. suryast ke bad kintu sayan sandhya se purva makar sankranti ho rahi hai. isliye sankranti punyakal usi din 14 janvri ko dopahar 12 baje ke bad se suryast tak mana jaega kyonki makar sankranti (sayan 6:43) ke samay bhaarat ke sabhi shahron men sayan sandhya rahegi. munbai men bhartiya manak samay 6:19 ka suryast hai. tatha 14 janvri ko munbai ka sthaniya suryast 5:40 baje ka hai.
is suryast men 3 ghati jor dene par (5:40+1:12 = 6:52) 6 bajakar 52 mitak ki sayan sandhya hoti hai. atah munbai men sayan sandhya se 09 minat purva hi makar sankranti ho jaegi. is prakar ap bhi apne shahar ke sthaniya suryast men 1 ghanta 12 minat jorakar apne shahar ki sayan sandhya gyat kar len. yadi apke shahar ko sayan sandhya 6:43 ke bad tak ho rahi hai to apke shahar men makar sankranti ka punyakal 14 janvri ko dopahar 12 baje se suryast tak rahega. is samay ap snan dan adi punya karmon ke sahit makar sankranti parva harshollas ke sath mana sakte hain.
uttara-purvi v purvi bharat men sankranti parva-punyakal 15 janvri ko jin shahron men sthaniya suryast 5:30 baje ya isse purva ho raha hai, un shahron men sayan sandhya 6:42 ke purva samapt hone tatha iske uprant makar sankranti hone ke karan makar sankranti punyakal dusre din 15 janvri ko suryoday se suryast tak rahega tatha dopahar lagabhag 12 baje tak atyant punyaprad parvakal rahega. haridvar-rishikesh, kashi-varansi adi uttar purvi bharat evan samast purvi bharat tatha gvaliyar sahit madhya pradesh ke kuch shahron men 5:30 baje se purva hi suryast ho jaegi.
uske 3 ghati (1 ghanta 12 mint) bad surya ki makar sankranti hone ke karan sankranti parva ka snandan adi punyakarm karne ka punyakal ukt shahron men 15 janvri ko hai. vahan sankranti ki khichri 15 ko suryoday ke bad pakakar usmen gur aur safed til milakar bhagvan suryanarayan ko naivedya ke rup men arpit karen tatha prasad svarup use bant de.
madhya pradesh ke anek shahron men sankranti parva 14 janvri ko uprokt siddhanton ke adhar par pashchim bharat ki bhanti madhyapradesh ke bhopal, indaur, ujjain, jablpur adi pashchimi sthanon par bhi makar sankranti punyakal 14 janvri ka hone se makar sankranti parva 14 janvri ko madhyahan 12 baje se sayan suryast tak manana shastra sammat hai.
sankranti fal - ashvini, bharni, kritika ko yatra pradayak. rohini, mrigshira, pushya, ashlesha, adrra, punarvasu ko sukh bhog ki prapti. magha, purva falguni, uttara falguni ko dukh. hast, chitra svati, vishakha, anuradha, jyeshtha ko vastra. mul, purvasharha, uttarasharha ko hani. shravan, dhanishtha, shatbhisha, purva bhadrapad, uttara bhadrapad aur revti nakshatra men janmen jatak ko dhan labh hoga.
janvri mas ke pramukh vrat tyohar makar sankranti ( 14 janvri): yah parva dakshiayayan ke samapt hone aur uttarayan ke praranbh hone par manaya jata hai. dakshinayan devtaon ki ratri tatha uttarayan din mana jata hai. surya ke makar rashi men pravesh karne ke karan is sankranti ko makar sankranti ke nam se jana jata hai. yah parva bara punit parva hai.
is din pavitra nadiyon evan tirthon men snan, dan, dev karya evan mangal karya karne se vishesh punyafal ki prapti hoti hai. putrada ekadshi (16 janvri): shastron ke anusar yah ekadshi tithi putrada ekadshi ke nam se vikhyat hai. is din vidhipurvak vrat karne se bhagvan narayan ki kripa se putra ki prapti hoti hai. brahman bhojan karana aur yathashakti ann aur vastra ka dan karna punyavarddhak hota hai.
sath hi nitya un namo bhagvte vasudevay mantra ka jap karne se fal shighra prapt hota hai. sankat chaith (22 janvri) yah vrat magh krishn paksh ki chaturth tithi ko kiya jata hai. shri ganesh ji ke nimitt yah vrat pure din niyam sanyam ke sath karna chahie. ratri men ganesh ji ka til ke ladduon ke sath pujan karke chandroday ho jane par chandrama ko un som somay namah mantra se aghrya dena chahie. yah vrat karne se sharirik tatha mansik bal men vriddhi hoti hai evan manovanchit karyon men ane vali badhaen dur hoti hain.
shattila ekadshi (29 janvri): magh krishn ekadshi ko shattila ekadshi kahte hain, pratah kal men snan karke shri krishn mantra ka 108 bar jap karen. tilon ke jal se snan karen, pise hue tilon ka ubatan karen, tilon ka havan karen, til mishrit jal pien, tilon se bane laddu, barfi adi ka bhojan karen. is prakar vrat karne se har papon ka nash hota hai evan isse laukik aur parlaukik sukhon ki prapti hoti hai.