grahon ka uday aur ast prashnah grahon ke uday aur ast se kya tatparya hai? inki ganna kaise ki jati hai? inka kya fal hai? bhinna-bhinn panchangon men uday aur ast ko lekar matbhed hote hain iska kya karan hai? ast evan udit grah: surya ka prakash sabse adhik hota he. atah ise sabhi grahon ka ‘raja’ kahte hain. jab koi bhi grah apne raja surya se ek nishchit duri arthat ansh ya digri par a jata hai to surya ki prachand shakti ki kirnon arthat uske tej aur oj ke age anya grah ki shakti (prakasha/jyoti) kamjor (mand) par jati hai. jisse vah grah kshitij par dikhai nahin deta hai tatha vah grah apne maulik arthat prakritik gun kho baithta hai yani usak prabhav kam hokar naganya ho jata hai. is sthiti men us grah ko ‘asta’ hona kahte hain. arthat jab koi bhi grah surya ke nikat ek nishchit anshyatmak duri par ata hai to yah ast ho jata hai. jisse yah ashubh faldayak ho jata hai. vastav men ‘ast ya asta’ shabd grahon ki gati se jura hai. surya siddhant ke alava bhinna-bhinn matanusar, grahon ki anek gatiyan hoti hain. jinmen se ek gati ‘asta’ gati bhi hoti hai. ‘‘yadi koi bhi grah, surya se saman bhoganshon par ho to vah ‘asta gati’ kahlati hai.’’ jab tak surya evan us grah ke madhya ek nishchit anshatmak duri ka fasla nahin ho jata hai. vah grah ‘asta’ kahlata hai tatha nishchit anshatmak duri hone par us grah ko ‘udy’ hona kahte hain ‘ya ‘udit’ grah kahte hain. islie ast grah kamjor (nirbala) hota hai. atah iski dasha lagte hi ashubh aur kashtadayak sthitiyan aranbh ho jati hanai. iske alava, yadi is ast grah par kisi grah ki shubh drishti nahin hai to us bhav ka parinam bhi ashubh hota hai.
jiska vah svami, karak, jis bhav men sthit hain evan jis bhav par iski drishti hai. yadi is ast grah par kisi grah ki shubh drishti hai to uprokt bure parinam prapt nahin hote hain. udit grah purnatah bali hota hai. atah iski dasha, samay men shubh fal prapt hote hain. basharte ki vah uchch, mul trikon, svagrahi ya mitra rashigat ho. yadi yah udit hokar nich, shatrurashigat, vakri hai to bhi shubh ke sthan par ashubh parinam hi prapt honge. ganna (arthat ast grahon ki digriyan ya ansh): ast hone ka dosh surya ke alava sabhi atho grahon ko lagta hai. prachin manyatanusar, surya se bhinna-bhinn anshon ya duriyon (digri) par ya uske bhitar bhinna-bhinn grahon ka ast hona, margi evan vakri, donon hi avasthaon men nimn sarninusar hai. parantu, adhunik jyotishanusar arthat anubhav ke adhar par, uprokt atho grah 3 ya isse kam ansh (digri) ya duri par hi ast hote hain.
jo ki satyata ka praman bhi dete hain arthat satya ke bahut karib paye gaye hain.
uprokt ke alava, grahon ke ast manne ke anya niyam-
1. jo grah surya ke barabar ya uske pas ki digriyon par hota hai. use purnataya ast kaha jata hai tatha iski ganna purn ast manakar ki jati hai. joki pura ya bahut ashubh faldayak hota hai. ise shuanya udit ya udit rahit avastha bhi kahte hain. atah shubh fal prabhavhin ya shunya ho jate hain.
2. jo grah surya se 88(digri) par hote hain. use ‘ardha-asta’ kaha jata hai tatha iski ganna adha ast manakar ki jati hai. joki adhi ashubh evan adhi shubh fal dene vali arthat madhyam hoti hai.
3. jo grah surya se 150 par hota hai. use purnatah udit kaha jata hai tatha iski ganna purn uday manakar ki jati hai. joki purnatah shubh fal dene vali hoti hai. use shuanya ast ya ast rahit avastha bhi kahte hain. atah ashubh fal prabhavhin ya shunya ho jate hain. parantu purnataya adarsh adhar par hona chahiya ki-
4. jo grah surya se nyunatam duri arthat - kam se kam ansh/digri se prithak hoga. usi anusar ise ast mana jayega. islie udit grah purnatah balvan arthat bali hota hai. atah inka purn achcha parinam tabhi prapt hoga jabki ye uchch, mulatrikon, svagrihi, atimitra, mitra rashi men ho tatha inki dasha bhi chal rahi ho tatha ye yuvavastha vale arthat 100-220 ke bich ho. yadi ye unse kam digri ke ho tatha dashayen bhi nahin chal rahi ho to shubh fal men kami ho jayegi. iske viprit, yadi nich, shatru, atishatru rashi men ho tatha vakri bhi ho tatha yuvavastha (100-220) vale bhi ho to udit hokar bhi ashubh parinam denge. yadi ye yuvavastha ki jagah kamjor ho arthat 100 se niche tatha 220 se upar ho to iske ashubh fal men digriyon ke anusar kami ayegi.
atah shubh fal ki prapti ke liye udit grahon ko shubh rashiyon ko yuvavastha ki digriyon men tatha ashubh rashiyon men mrit avastha (290-20) men hona chahiye. iske alava, ‘ast grah’ ashubh faldayak hote hain. atah yadi ye shubh mitra rashiyon men kamjor avastha arthat 290-20 ke bich sthit ho to kam se kam ashubh faldayak hoga tatha ashubh ya shatru rashiyon men yuvavastha men sthit ho to ye astagrah aur bhi adhik kharab fal karenge. yah sthiti sabse adhik dukh evan kashtadayak hogi. atah astagrahon ko mitra ya shatru rashiyon men nirbal avastha men arthat-290-20 ke bich sthit hona chahiye jisse ki ye ast grah nyunatam ashubh fal karenge. yah sthiti jabse kam dukh evan kashtadayak hogi. panchtaragrahon ke udyasta: prithvi ke apni dhuri par 24 ghanton men pashchim se purva ki or ghumne ke karan surya hamesha pratidin purva men udit hokar pashchim men ast hota hai. jab apni-apni kakshaon men bhraman karte huye bhaumadi panch grah surya ke samip ate jate hain. tab surya ki tivra prabha ke karan grah ka akash men drishtigat hona band ho jata hai.
isi ko ast kahte hain. jab grah suryase dur nikalakar dikhai deta hai isi ko uday kahte hain.1 prithvi ke pratyek sthan par krantivrit ka adha bhag arthat 180 ansh hamesha hamen drishtigochar hota hai. atah jo bhaumadi grah krantivrit ke is drishya bhag men vidyaman honge, keval unhin taraon ko ham dekh sakte hain, basharte ki us samay din n ho arthat surya ast ho chuka ho. spasht hai ki surya ke sath ya uske asann vale krantivrit (rashi chakra) ke bhag men sthit grah hamen drishtigat nahin hote hain. jo grah surya se age ya piche kuch antar (7-8 ansh se adhik ki duri) par sthit hon, ve hi hamen suryoday ke pahle ya suryast ke bad akash men dikhai dete hain. udahrnarth - yadi rashi chakra men surya vrish rashi men 10 ansh par sthit hai tatha shukra mesh rashi men 28 ansh par aur guru vrish rashi men 28 ansh par sthit hai, tab spasht hai ki shukra surya se 12 ansh piche pashchim ki or sthit hai. atah shukra suryoday ke samay purvi kshitij se 12 ansh ki unchai par dikhai dega. chunki guru surya se 18 ansh age purva ki or sthit hai. atah guru suryast ke samay pashchimi kshitij se 18 ansh ki unchai par spasht dikhai dega. isi tarah surya ke sapeksh sthiti ke anusar panchtara grahon ki akash men sthiti ka gyan kiya jata hai. antrik grah - budh evan shukra prithvi ki apeksha tivragti vale hain. jab ye margi gati kar rahe hote hain, tab ye apne se age purva ki or ja rahe surya ko ja milte hain. aisi sthiti men ast hone se pahle surya se piche (pashchim ki or) sthit hote hain, tab inhen suryoday se pahle purvi kshitij ke upar dekha ja sakta hai.
din-pratidin surya se inka antar kam hone ke karan sandhya prabha men pravisht hokar ast ho jate hain. ast hone ke kuch dinon bad margi antrik grah apni tivra gati se surya se age purva ki or nikalakar surya ki prabha sima ke bahar punah daidipyaman ho uthte hain. aisi sthiti men ve suryast ke bad pashchimi kshitij ke upar drishtigat hote hain. jab antrik grah vakri hokar purva se pashchim ki or jate huye drishtigat hote hain, tab ve rashi chakra men surya se age purva ki or sthit hote hain. aisi sthiti men ve suryast ke bad pashchimi kshitij se upar drishtigat hote hain. kuch dinon men surya se inka antar kam hone ke karan ye adrishya ho jate hain. apni tivra gati ke karan ast hone ke kuch hi dinon bad surya se piche pashchim ki or surya ki prabha sima ke bahar daidipyaman ho uthte hain. is sthiti men ve suryoday se purva purvi kshitij par udit (drishya) ho jate hain. is prakar spasht hai ki margi antrik grah (budh, shukra) purva men ast aur pashchim men udit tatha vakri antrik grah pashchim men ast tatha purva men udit hua karte hain.2 bhaumadi bahyagrah: prithvi ki apeksha kam gati vale hai. atah rashi chakra men pashchim se purva ki or chalta hue surya (vastav men prithvi) isse ja milta hai. jab bahyagrah ast hone ke pahle sayankal men suryast ke bad pashchimi kshitij par dikhai deta hai, tab vah pashchim men hi ast hota hain ast hone ke kuch dinon bad tivra gati se chalta hua surya usse kai ansh age nikal jata hai, tab ve surya ki ujjaval prabha sima ke bahar surya se piche (pashchim ki or) suryoday se pahle purva kshitij par udit hote hain.
1 is prakar spasht hai ki bahyagrah hamesha purva men udit tatha pashchim men ast hota hai. jabki antrik grah kabhi purva men udit tatha pashchim men ast to kabhi purva men ast tatha pashchim men udit hua karte hain. ast athva udit hone vala pratyek grah suryast ke bad pashchimi kshitij par tatha suryoday ke purva purvi kshitij par kuch anshon ki unchai par drishtigat hota hai. jo grah purva men ast hone ja raha hota hai, uski pratah purvi kshitij se tatha jo grah pashchim men ast hone ja raha hota hai uski sayan pashchimi kshitij se anshatmak duri pratidin kam hoti jati hai. anttah ek din astagat grah evan surya ka parasparik antar shunya ho jata hai. kuch dinon bad astagah grah ka surya se antar dusri disha men (yadi grah purva ke ast hua ho to pashchim ki or yadi pashchim men ast hua ho to purva ki or) barhne lagta hai. kuch dinon bad yah antar itna adhik ho jata hai ki astagat grah purvi ya pashchimi kshitij par faili surya prabha men punah dikhai dene lagta hai. ise ham us grah ka uday kahte hain.