is varsh do jyeshth honge. inhen pratham jyeshth v dvitiya jyeshth ke nam se jana jata hai. do mas men char paksh ho jate hain. pratham jyeshth krishn paksh se shuru hota hai. taduprant pratham jyeshth ka shukla paksh, dvitiya jyeshth ka krishn paksh aur fir dvitiya jyeshth ka shukla paksh hota hai. pratham mas ke krishn paksh evan dvitiya mas ke shukla paksh ko shuddh jyeshth mas mana jata hai jabki bich ke do paksh - pratham mas ka shukla paksh evan dvitiya mas ka krishn paksh - ko adhik mas ya mal mas kaha jata hai. is samay men sabhi shubh karya varjit hote hain. keval puja path v dhyan adi hi kie ja sakte hain.
is prakar ka vidhan uttar bhartiya chandra kailendar men hi milta hai. gujrati kailendar bhi chandra ki gati anusar chalta hai lekin usmen mas krishn paksh se shuru n hokar shukla paksh se shuru hota hai. atah gujrati kailendar men pratham mas hi mal ya adhik mas kahlata hai evan dvitiya mas shuddh mas hota hai. muslim kailendar bhi chandra par adharit hote hain lekin muslim kailendar men adhik mas ya mal mas ka ullekh nahin milta hai. isi karan kailendar dhire-dhire piche khiskta jata hai. arthat jo ramjan ka mahina 2006 men agast men tha ab vah 2007 men sitanbar men shuru hoga. surya par adharit kailendron men is prakar ki koi ganna nahin hoti.
adhik mas ki ganna ka kya adhar hai aur iska kya prabhav hai, aie dekhen
prithvi surya ke charon or chakkar laga rahi hai. yah 365.2564 (365 din 6 ghante 9 minat 12.96 sekand) dinon men ek chakkar purn kar leti hai jabki chandrama ko amavasya se amavasya tak 29.5306 (29 din 12 ghante 44 minat 3.84 sekand) din lagte hain. arthat ek mas ka man hua 29.5306 din. 12 mas ka man = 29.5306 × 12 = 354.3672 din
prithvi ke ek varsh men aur chandrama ke 12 mas men antar = 10.8992 din = 11 din
atah prativarsh chrandra mas 11 din pahle a jata hai lekin 3 varshon men yah antar 33 din arthat ek mas se bhi adhik ho jata hai, jise ham adhik mas ke rup men jante hain.
| pratham jyeshth krishna |
shuddha |
dvitiya jyeshth krishna |
mal |
| pratham jyeshth krishna |
mal |
dvitiya jyeshth krishna |
shuddha |
adhik mas prayah 2 varsh 4 mas, 2 varsh 9 mas, 2 varsh 10 mas, ya 2 varsh 11 mas ke antral par hi ata hai. ausatan 2 varsh 8.5 mas men adhik mas ata hai. iski ganna mas avdhi 29.5 din ko 10.9 se bhag karne par a jati hai. chandra varsh kyonki saur varsh se lagabhag 10.9 din chota hota hai, atah lagabhag 29.53/10.9 = 2 varsh 8.5 mas men ek mas ka antar par jata hai jiske lie ek adhik mas ka niyojan karna parta hai.
| varsha |
mas |
varsha |
mas |
varsha |
mas |
varsha |
mas |
| 1966 |
shravn |
2 |
9 |
1991 |
vaishakh |
2 |
11 |
| 1969 |
asharh |
2 |
11 |
1993 |
bhadra |
2 |
4 |
| 1972 |
vaishakh |
2 |
10 |
1996 |
asharh |
2 |
10 |
| 1974 |
bhadra |
2 |
4 |
1999 |
jyeshtha |
2 |
11 |
| 1977 |
shravn |
2 |
11 |
2001 |
ashvin |
2 |
4 |
| 1980 |
jyeshtha |
2 |
10 |
2004 |
shravn |
2 |
10 |
| 1982 |
ashvin |
2 |
4 |
2007 |
jyeshtha |
2 |
10 |
| 1985 |
shravn |
2 |
10 |
2010 |
vaishakh |
2 |
11 |
| 1988 |
jyeshtha |
2 |
10 |
2012 |
bhadrapd |
2 |
4 |
| rashi |
mas |
sankranti ki avdhi |
rashi |
mas |
sankranti ki avdhi |
| din |
ghanta |
mint |
din |
ghanta |
mint |
| mesh |
vaishakh |
30 |
11 |
25.2 |
tula |
kartik |
30 |
8 |
58.2 |
| vrish |
jyeshtha |
30 |
23 |
29.6 |
vrishchik |
aghn |
29 |
21 |
14.6 |
| mithun |
asharh |
31 |
8 |
10.1 |
dhanu |
paush |
29 |
13 |
8.7 |
| karka |
shravn |
31 |
10 |
54.6 |
makr |
magh |
29 |
10 |
38.6 |
| sinh |
bhadra |
31 |
6 |
53.1 |
kunbh |
falgun |
29 |
14 |
18.5 |
| kanya |
ashvin |
30 |
21 |
18.7 |
min |
chaitra |
29 |
23 |
18.9 |
pichle kuch varshon ke adhik mason ki ganna dekhen to ve nimn prakar se hain
do sankrantiyon ke bich prayah ek bar amavasya parti hai. arthat surya v chandrama ek hi ansh par hote hain kyonki do sankrantiyon ka nyunatam man 29 din 10 ghante 48 minat v adhikatam 31 din 10 ghante 48 minat hai jabki do amavasyaon ka nyunatam man 29 din 5 ghante 54 minat 14 sekand se lekar adhikatam 29 din 19 ghante 36 minat 29 sekand hai.
atah aisa bahut hi kam hota hai ki do sankrantiyon ke bich koi bhi amavasya nahin pare. aisa keval 19 varsh, ya 141 varshon ke bad aur kabhi-kabhi 65, 76 v 122 varshon ke bad hi hota hai. aisi sthiti ko kshay mas ki sangya di gai hai. aisa keval choti rashiyon vrishchik, dhanu va makr ke dauran hi sanbhav hai arthat kshay mas keval agahan, paush v magh mas men hi ho sakta hai kyonki anya sabhi mason men surya sankranti ki avdhi chandra mas se adhik hoti hai.
jab bhi kshay mas hota hai to nishchit rup se do adhik mas hote hain ek pahle v ek bad men. pichle ek hajar varshon men nimn kshay mas hue hain:
is varsh 2007 men sankranti v amavasya ki nimn ganna ke karan jyeshth mas adhik mas ke rup men sthit hai
| amavasya |
17.4.07 |
16.5.07 |
15.6.07 |
12.8.07 |
14.7.07 |
11.9.07 |
| 17:06 |
24:57 |
8:43 |
28:33 |
17:34 |
18:14 |
| ---- |
------- |
------- |
------- |
------- |
---- |
| sankranti |
mesh |
vrish |
mithun |
karka |
sinh |
kanya |
| 14.4.07 |
15.5.07 |
15.6.07 |
16.7.07 |
17.8.07 |
17.9.07 |
| 12:28 |
9:19 |
15:53 |
26:44 |
11:10 |
11:07 |
kyonki vrish rashi men do bar amavasya par rahi hai atah do jyeshth mas ki utpatti vidit hai.