jis prakar manushya ke lie ghar ki avashyakta hoti hai jismen ve sukhpurvak rahta hai thik usi prakar devi-devtaon ke rahne ke lie, nivas hetu upyukt sthan 'yantra' kaha gaya hai. yantron ko devi-devtaon ka nivas sthan kaha gaya hai. yantron ka ek nam ‘devngr’ bhi hai, yahi karan hai ki is lipi ke adhar par bani bhasha ko devnagri kaha jata hai. in dev nagron men n keval devta balki pratyek dev ke adhidev, pratyadhidev, parikar adi bhi virajman rahte hain. atah yantra keval kuch rekhaon ka vinodatmak jal matra n hokar sakshat saprikar devtaon ka avas grah hai. in yantron se vyakti ko devtaon ki kripa drishti prapt hoti hai, devta prasann hokar sarvasva pradan karte hain. in yantron ke prabhav se sabhi prakar ki bhautik sukh-samriddhi, aishvarya, navagrahon ki shanti, vighn badhaon ka nash, shatru nash tatha mrityu tulya kashton ka nivaran prapt kiya ja sakta hai. yantron ko ham dusre shabdon men ek manushya ke jivan men ek lakshya prapti ka madhyam bhi kah sakte hain kyonki yantra manushya ki ichchaen tatha manokamnaen puri karne ka ek shaktishali madhyam bhi hai jaise yadi kisi vyakti ko apne jivan men dhan ka abhav hai to vah shri yantra sthapit kar uski puja-archana ke dvara apne lakshya ko shighra hi prapt kar sakta hai. isi prakar hamare shastron men bhinna-bhinn yantron ka ullekh hai.
jinke dvara manushya apne duahkhon aur kashton ke anusar unhen dur kar sakta hai. yantra shabd ki utpatti: ‘yantra’ shabd ‘yam’ dhatu se bana hai. is dhatu ke arth kramshah viprit, pariveshan aur veshtan adi hote hain. ‘yachchati atreti yantram’ athva ‘yamyti atreti yantram’ is vyutpatti ke anusar yam dhatu se unadisutra ‘gridhripchivchiyamisdikshadibhyastrah’ ke dvara ‘tra’ pratyay hone se ‘yantra’ shabd siddh hota hai. yantra ka mahatva: agmanusar iski vyutpatti ‘yachchati trayte cheti yantram’ hogi. iske anusar yaman aur tranrup do dhatuon se yah shabd banega. bhavarth hoga- ‘jo vyakti apni cheshtaon ko niyantrit karke akar vishesh men apne isht ki archana-bhavna karta hai uska tran raksha karne vala’. mantra aur tantra ke arth bhi isi prakar agmon men bataye gaye hain. isi adhar par yantra men ‘shaktiyon ka niyantran’ mana gaya hai ki ‘yantra shaktiyon ka bhandar hota hai, isse sadhak apni sadhna ke bal par yathesht urja prapt kar sakta hai.’ ‘gautmiya tantra’ men bhi yahi kaha gaya hai- shalagrame manau yantre pratimamandaleshu ch. nityan puja hareah karya n tu kevlbhutle.. arthat shalagram-shila, mani, yantra, pratima aur mandal par bhagvan vishnu ki sada puja karni chahie. kevlbhutal par pujan karna uchit nahin hai. ‘yogini tantra’ men bhagvti ki puja ke lie jo sthan bataye gaye hain unmen bhi yantra ka nirdesh hai.
yatha- lingasthan pujyed devin pustakasthan tathaiv ch. mandalasthan mahamayan yantrasthan pratimasu ch.. jalasthan va shilasthan va pujyet parmeshvarim. yantra aur devta men ekta manne ke lie bhi hamare shastron men spasht kaha gaya hai ki- yantran mantramyan proktan mantratma daivtaiv hi. dehatmanoryatha bhedo yantra-devtyostatha.. yantra mantrarup hai, mantra devtaon ka hi vigrah hai. jis prakar sharir aur atmamen koi bhed nahin hota hai usi prakar yantra aur devta men bhi koi bhed nahin hota hai. hamare shastron men yah bhi nirdesh hai ki ‘yantra ki puja kie bina devta prasann hi nahin hote hain.’ yatha- adau likhed yantrarajan devtayashch vigraham. kam-krodhadi-doshottha-sarvaduahkh-niyantranat.. yantramityahuretasmin devah prinati pujitah. bina yantren pujayan devta n prasidti.. duahkhniryantranad yantramityahuryantravedinah.. sadhna ke aranbh men devta ke vigrah sharir rup yantra ka lekhan karen. kam, krodh adi doshon se utpann sab prakar ke duahkhon ka niyantran karne se hi ise ‘yantra’ kahte hain. iski puja karne se devta prasann hote hain. yantra ki puja kie bina devta prasann nahin hote hain. agam shastragyaon ne duahkhon ka nivaran karne se hi ise ‘yantra’ kaha hai. mantron ya anya dharmik kriyaon ke dvara yantron ko vibhinn prakar ki shaktiyan pradan ki jati hai.
iske bad iski shakti aprimit ho jati hai. yantra ke rup men vritton, chakron, vargon yahan tak ki binduon tak ka prayog kiya jata hai, kyonki ye sabhi antrikshiya urja ka pratinidhitva karte hain. ‘bindu’ sanskrit ka shabd hai aur yah un sabhi vastuon ka pratik hai, jo is brahmand men vidyaman hain arthat yah us sarvochch satta ka pratham svarup hai, jo sabka mul hai. atah dhyan ke samay kisi ek bindu par dhyan kendrit karne ki salah di jati hai. yantra ka tribhuj kendrikrit urja ko darshata hai. yadi iski choti ka bindu upar ki or ho, to ise agni ka pratik ya furtila tatva ya vaishvik purush shakti mana jata hai. tribhuj ke niche ki or ka bindu jal tatva ko darshata hai, jiska bahav niche ki or hota hai. yah sust tatva ya vaishvik prakriti ka tatha stri shakti se jura hua hota hai. ek-dusre men ghuse hue do tribhujon se bani akriti sarvadhik upyog men laya jane vala yantra hai. yah ek shatkoniya tare ki akriti banata hai jo ki vishva ki utpatti ko darshata hai. yantra sadhna ki paddhati kisi bhautik (padarthavadi) madhyam se bhi sanbaddh rakhti hai, jabki mantra sadhna men keval ‘jap’ karna parta hai. yantra sadhna ke mantra jap ke sath kuch chitratmak madhyam bhi apnaye jate hain. vishesh prakar ke chitron, rekhaon, binduon, ankon aur shabdon men sanyojit karke dhatu patra, bhoj patra athva anya kisi vastu par yantra likha jata hai.
ismen tin karak sakriya rahte hain - mantra jap dvara utpann dhvani prabhav, rekhankan dvara utpann drishya prabhav aur vastu dvara utpann bhautik prabhav. niyamit vidhi dvara taiyar kiya gaya yantra kisi sthan par rakhne, gale ya bhuja men dharan karne athva kahin tang diye jane par apna chamatkari prabhav dikhata hai. devtaon ke vigrah kai rupon aur bhav bhangimaon men hote hain aur vastrabhushnon dvara unka bhavya shrringar bhi kiya jata hai parantu kisi bhi yantra men us dev athva anya kisi bhi devi-devta ki akriti nahin, matra kuch rekhaen aur ank tatha akshar ek nishchit kram men ankit hote hain. rekhaon ki akriti v kram tatha ankon aur aksharon ke adhar par hi us yantra ko koi vishisht nam diya jata hai. yantron men ankit rekhaen inhen vishisht akriti aur un rekhaon ke madhya likhe hue ankon aur aksharon ko vishisht shakti pradan karti hain.
ismen ankit ank aur akshar us devta se sanbandhit bijank hote hain aur sath hi inki shakti ka pratik bhi. yahi karan hai ki yantra men ankit aksharon aur ankon ko bij kaha jata hai aur un par drishti kendrit karke hi mantron ka nishchit sankhya men purn vidhi vidhan ke sath jap kiya jata hai. tantra shastra ke granthon men bhi kaha gaya hai ki vibhinn prakar ke yantron ki rekhaen, bijakshar aur bijank divya shaktiyon se prabhavit hote hain. yahi karan hai ki sadhak jab kisi yantra par najren jamakar kisi vishisht mantra ka jap karta hai, tab n keval uske man aur sharir par hi balki as-pas ke vatavaran par bhi achcha athva bura prabhav parta hi hai. yahi karan hai ki puja-upasna aur mantron ka jap karne men yadi thori-bahut truti rah bhi jae to koi hani nahin hoti, parantu yadi koi yantra rakhakar mantron ka jap kiya jae to jaldi saflta milti hai.
yantra likhne ke lie gandh: hamare shastron men yantra lekhan ke lie alg-alag gandhon ka ullekh hai. chandan, rakt chandan, kesar, ashtagandh ka upyog bahutayat sekiya jata hai. keval shuddh kesar hi prayog men len. sugandhhin kesar prayog men n len. ashtagandh kya hota hai ashtagandh 8 vastuon se milakar taiyar hota hai- agar, tagar, gorochan, kasturi, chandan, sindur, lal chandan aur kapur. in sabko kharal kar rakhen. syahi jaisa taiyar karne hetu gulab jal kam men len athva shuddh jal kam men len.
yantra likhne hetu kalam ka vidhan: hamare shastron men yantra likhne hetu alg-alag vidhan hai. anar, chameli ya sone ki kalam se yantra likhe jate hain. jis yantra ke lie jaisa vidhan shastra sammat hai, usi ke anusar kam karna chahie. anar ya chameli ki kalam 11 angul ki leni chahie. yantra likhte samay kalam tute nahin, iska avashya dhyan rakhna chahie. holdar, jismen nib lagaenge, usmen lohe ka ansh matra bhi nahin hona chahie. yantra likhne hetu yadi bhojapatra kam men le, to ek angul baraa bhojapatra le, sath hi avashya dhyan rakhen ki bhojapatra chidra evan parva rahit ho. bhojapatra ke abhav men safed kagaj bhi kam men liya ja sakta hai.
yantra ki pran pratishtha: sabse pahle yantra ko shuddh jal se snan karaen. fir dugdhadi se snan karaen. fir shuddh jal (ganga jal) se snan karaen. fir yantra par sugandhit lep karen. pran pratishtha karke yantra ki yathavat panchopchar athva shodshopchar puja karen. fir apne isht dev ka dhyan karen tatha karya vishesh ke lie upyukt yantra ko sanbandhit mantradi se puja jap kar sthapit karen tatha nitya dhup dip karen.
yantron ke prakar: hamare shastron men anek prakar ke yantron ka ullekh hai. vidhata ki srishti men koi bhi vastu aisa nahin hai jiska svarup yantra svarup n ho. laukik drishti se yantra ek prakar se vividh purjon se bani mashin ke arth ko vyakt karta hai. koi bhi mashin ham dekhen to usmen kai chote-bare purje lage hote hain aur ve mashin ki kriya men kisi n kisi tarah ka sahyog karte rahte hain. sabse mikar mashin jo karm karti hai uska fal ek siddhi ke rup men prapt hota hai. isi prakar shastriya yantron ko bhi ham ek mashin kah sakte hain. ye yantra apne andar chote-bare purjon ke rup men ank, varn, bij, rekha, mantra, adi ko prithk-prithak ya ek sath dharan karte hain. inki sadhna men ki jane vali kriyaon ka fal siddhi ke rup men prapt hokar apekshit kamnaon ki purti men sahayak hota hai. isi kriyakaritva aur faldayakatva tatva ke adhar par sarvapratham yantron ke kuch prakar nishchit hote hain.
1. rekhatmak yantra: keval rekhaon ke gol, ayat, sam chairas evan anya konmulak yantron men inke bahut se rup prapt hote hain. gol akaron men kamal, pushp aur patradi ki rachnaen aur rekhaon se trikon, chatushkon, shatkon, ashtakon bante hain jabki donon ke yog se ayudh adi ke akar men bane yantra bhi prayah upalabdh hote hain.
2. akritimulak yantra: dev, manushya aur pashu-pakshiyon ki akriti men banae hue yantron ka ismen samavesh hota hai. ganpti, yaksha-yakshini, matangini, ghantakarn tatha purushakar yantra, gaj, ashva, vrishabh, harin, sarp, kak, adi pashu-pakshiyon ke yantra is drishti se banaye jate hain. is prakar multah rekhaon se nirmit vibhinn akritiyon men bij mantra, mantra varn, ank tatha mishra paddhati ke prayogon se uparyukt do paddhatiyon ke punah char prakar viksit hue hain, jinka parichay is prakar hai:-
bij mantra garbhit yantra: devtaon ke mantron ka sarbhut rup bij mantra hota hai. rekhaon dvara nirmit yantrakritiyon athva koshthakon men in bij mantron ka lekhan karke yantra ki shakti men abhivriddhi ki jati hai.
mantravarn garbhit yantra: pratyek devta ke gun adi ke varnan aur vishisht varnon ke dvara mantra ka nirman hota hai. usi mantra ke varnon ko yantra men likhne se yantra aur mantra donon ki vishisht shaktiyon ka ekatra samavesh aise yantron men ho jata hai.
ank garbhit yantra: devtaon, varnon athva anya sanketik rup men svikrit ankon ko vishisht paddhati se likhakar aise yantra banae jate hain. in yantron men 1 se 9 tak ke ankon se bane yantra tatha kisi ek nishchit sankhya ke purak yantra pramukh hain.
mishritvidhi mulak yantra: uparyukt vidhiyon ko hi kahin do vidhiyon ka aur kahin tinon vidhiyon ka mishran karke bhi yantra banaye jate hain. atah kahin mantra varn, kahin bij mantra to kahin ank athva tinon ek sath likhakar akritiyon ko purn kiya jata hai. iske atirikt shastriya prayogon ki drishti se anya sat prakar ke yantra batlaye gae hain jo is prakar hain-
sharir yantra- hamara sharir svayan ek yantra hai aur ismen anek prakar ke chote-bare purje lage hue hain jinke chalne se sharir chalta-firta rahta hai aur sabhi chetan kriyaen karta rahta hai. aise sharir gat yantra anek hain unhin men se mukhya rup se - muladhar, svadhishthan, manipur, anaht, vishuddh, agyachakra. in 6 chakron ko yantra rup men svikar kiya gaya hai. mastishk ke upar sahasrar chakra bhi mana gaya hai. in yantron ke lie alg-alag mantra hain aur inko jagrat karke vibhinn prakar ke fal prapt hote hain.
dharan yantra: purvokt yantron ki pratishtha karke nishchit vastu par likhakar sharir ke nishchit angon par dharan karne se karya siddh hote hain. aise yantron ke lie anek prakar ki vidhiyon ka svatantra ullekh bhi prapt hota hai.
asan yantra: sadhna karne ke samay baithne ke asan ke niche yantra banakar jo yantra rakhe jate hain unhen ‘asan yantra’ kahte hain. aise yantron ke banane ki paddhati svatantra hai. in yantron par asan bichakar baithne se shighra siddhi prapt hoti hai. asan yantra ka dusra prakar devtaon ki pratima, bhavan, mandir, adi ki ninv men rakhe jane vala yantra bhi hain.
mandal yantra: anushthan karte samay sadhkon ke samuh ko is paddhati se bithaya jata hai ki usse ek prakar ke yantra ki rachna ho jae. ise ham ek prakar ki vyuh rachna bhi kah sakte hain. jaise yuddh men hathi, ghore aur paidal sainikon ki vibhinn rupon men vyuh banakar khara kiya jata hai usi prakar anushthan men yah mandal banaya jata hai. ismen nau vyakti hote hain. pradhan sadhak madhya men baithakar isht mantra ka jap karta hai tatha char dishaon tatha char vidishaon men aise ath vyakti ang mantra aur upang mantron ka jap karte hain. is paddhati se ki gai sadhna shighra fal pradan karti hain.
puja yantra: jis dev ki sadhna ki jati hai uski adhidev pratyadhidev, lok paladi ke sath sthapna, avahnadi karne ke lie yah yantra banaya jata hai.
is yantra ki rachna kai prakaron se hoti hai-
û devtaon ki sthapna ke sthanon par ank likhe jate hain. jinke anusar puja karte samay un-un devtaon ke nam yantron se puja ki jati hain.
û pure yantra men jis sthan par jis dev ki puja karni ho uska nam mantra likha jata hai. disha-vidishaon men varnamala aur dikpalon ke nam mantra rahte hain.
û kuch yantra keval aranbhaksharon ke pratik, kahin bij mantra adi rahte hain.
û kuch yantron men ishtadev ya ishtadevi ke chitra rekhankan die jate hain to koi in yantron ko vividh rangon men chitra banakar bhi ankit karte hain.
chatra yantra - purvalikhit yantron men se kisi ek yantra ko vidhipurvak baithne ke sthan par chatra men athva chat men chandonve ke andar jo yantra likha jata hai vah ‘chatra yantra’ kahlata hai. yahi yantra topi, pagri ya safe men bhi rakha jata hai. darshan yantra -is tarah kuch yantra darshan yantra bhi hote hain jinhen dekhne se darshak ko labh to hota hai, sath hi jahan lagaya gaya hai us sthan ka bhi uttarottar prabhav barhta rahta hai. bharat men aise anek sthan hain jahan siddh yantra bane hue hain aur unke prabhav se ve sthan nitya prabhavshali bane hue hain.
yantron se sanbandhit kuch vishesh savdhaniyan: yantra ko kabhi bhi gande hath se sparsh n karen. shuddh vastradi ka khyal avashya rakhen. rajasvala stri yantra ke samip n jaen, varna yantra ka prabhav kam ho jata hai. labh ke sthan par hani bhi ho sakti hai. pratyek yantra prabhavkari hota hai, lekin shraddha vishvas ka drirh hona bhi jaruri hai, kyonki shraddha vishvas bina karya nahin ho pata hai. aj kal log anek sthanon se yantra prapt kar lete hain. lekin shraddha men kami tatha kabhi yantra men koi kharabi ke karan karya siddh nahin ho pate. chahe ek hi yantra sthapit karen, lekin vah shraddhapurn ho, sparshadi ki maryada ka dhyan avashya rakhen, to karya avashya safal hoga. yantra ko pratidin gandh dhupadi-dip se pujan avashya karen.