srishti ka srijan aur navsanvatsr  

srishti ka srijan aur nav sanvatsar pan. sunil joshi junnarakar samay bhagta hua vah kalpurush hai, jiske sir ke piche bal nahin hain. is drishtant ka tatparya yah hai ki samay ko pakar pana sanbhav nahin hai kyonki gatiman hone ke sath-sath vah anant aur asim hai. kintu hamare trikaladarshi kalveÿaa rishiyon ne samay ko mapne ka bharpur prayatn kiya tha. unhonne samay ki sarvadhik sukshm ikai (truti) se lekar mahayug, kalp, brahm varsh adi vrihad ikaiyon men samay ki ganna karke kal ka nirdharan kiya hai. lagabhag dhai hajar varsh purva bhartiya jyotishiyon ne rishi paranpra ke anurup kalgnna ki vaigyanik paddhati ka vikas kar liya tha jo aj vishva ke vaigyanikon ke lie prernaprad hai. srishti ki rachna kab aur kaise hui ? anadi kal se hi manav man men yah prashn uthta raha hai. bharat men vaidikkal se lekar aj tak is vishay men anekanek shodh hue hain. prastut lekh ka adhar unhin shodhon ka nishkarsh hai . ‘‘tam asiÿamsa gurhamagre'praketam.’’ rigved ki is richa ke anusar pralykal men yah sara jagat (sukshmabhuta avyakt prakriti) tam (mrityurupi andhkar) se dhaka hua tha. ‘yah jagat prakat hone se purva ekmatra satyasvarup brahm hi tha.’ (chandogyopnishad-6/2/1). sansar ke srijan aur vinash ke sanbandh men shrimadbhagavat gita (9/7) men bhagvan shrikrishn kahte hain, ‘‘he kuntiputra ! kalp ke ant men sanpurn jar-chaitanya jagat meri avyakt prakriti men lin hota hai tatha kalp ke praranbh men punah main use utpann karta hun.’’ ek kalp ka man 4 arab 32 karor saur varshon ke barabar hota hai. itne hi samay tak yah brahmand sagun (sthul) rup men sthit rahta hai, yah srishti ka kul ayushya hai. srishti nirman ki ganna- brahmaji ki ayu 100 brahm varsh mani gai hai, jo 72,000 kalp ke barabar hai. vartaman men shri shvetvrah kalp tatha brahma ji ki ayu ka uÿararddh chal raha hai jise sankalp mantra men ‘dvitiyaprarddha’ kaha gaya hai. 71 mahayugon ke barabar 1 manvantar hota hai. ab tak 6 manvantar nikal chuke hain aur satvan ’vaivastava’ namak manvantar chal raha hai. iske antargat 27 mahayug bit chuke hain. 28 ven mahayug ke bhi satyug, treta aur dvapar ko yah prithvi dekh chuki hai. vartaman men kaliyug apne pratham charan men gatishil hai. isvi san 2007 arthat vikram sanvat 2064 tak kaliyug ke 5108 varsh bit chuke hain. jyotish sanhita, manusmriti aur sankalp mantra ke tathyon ke adhar par upar varnit ankon ka yog karne par hamen gyat hota hai ki srishti nirman ka karya aj se 1,97,29,49,108 varsh purva brahmaji ne praranbh kiya tha. surya siddhant ke anusar brahmaji ko srishti ki rachna karne men 47,400 divya varsh lage the. chunki devtaon ka ek varsh (ek divya varsha) hamari prithvi ke 360 saur varshon ke barabar hota hai, islie vikram sanvat 2064 men srishti ki shuddh ayu = 1,97,29,49,108 - 1,70,64,000 = 1,95,58,85,108 saur varsh hogi. arthat itne samay purva srishti nirman ka karya sanpann (purna) hua tha. ‘‘is parmeshvar se pran utpann hota hai, tatha antahkaran, sabhi indriyan, akash, vayu, tej, jal aur sabko dharan karne vali prithvi se yah sab utpann hate e h.nai ’’ mandu kape nishad (2.1.3) men panchmhabhuton men jal ki utpaÿia ke bad prithvi ki utpaÿia ka ullekh hai arthat srishti ka vikas per-paudhon, jiv- jantuon ki utpatti ke bad hua hai. srishti rachna ka din: chaitra shukla pratipda- bhrigu sanhita ke anusar brahmaji ke netron se surya aur man se chandra ki utpaÿia hui hai. ‘suryat prasuyate sarva tatra chaiv praliyate’ (surya puran) surya ki utpaÿia ke bad sabki utpatti hui hai. srishti ke praranbh men ravivar ko pratahkal pratham suryoday hota hai, usi ke prakash se sabhi grah-nakshatra, prithvi adi prakashit hote hain. chaitramase jagad brahma sasarva prathmo'vani. shuklapakshe samagran tat tada suryaedysti.. (brahmandpuran) prajapti brahma ne chaitra, shukla paksh ki pratipda ko pratham suryoday ke samay sansar ki rachna praranbh ki thi. isi din brahmaji ne mrityurupi kal men pranon ka sanchar karke kalpurush ko jagrat kiya tha. isi din se kalgnna ka shubharanbh hua. is tithi ko pratham pad (sthan) milne ke karan pratipda ki sangya di gai. brahmaji ne is tithi ko sarvashreshth tithi kaha hai. atah shubh, manglik karyon ko praranbh karne ke lie svayansiddh v abujh muhurt hai. srishti praranbh ka lagnachakra - saravli men ullekh hai, ki pralay ke samay jab sara sansar andhere men duba tha tatha sarvatra jal hi jal tha, us samay bhagvan surya ne, apne tej se samast dishaon ko prakashit karte hue, samast sansar, grah, nakshatra, chakra, adi ke dvara 12 ang (rashi svarup) banakar kalpurush ko prastut kiya tha. shri kankacharya ke anusar jis samay brahmaji ne sansar ki rachna praranbh ki thi us samay lagn kark tha, lagn sthit chandra par guru ki shubh drishti thi aur saton grah svakshetri the. tippani- 1. dhyan dene yogya bat yah hai ki srishti ke praranbhik kal men sirf sat grah the. rahu v ketu ka janm srishti nirman ke bahut samay pashchat hua. 2. saravli ke viyonijanmadhyay men ullikhit upar varnit kundli chaturdashi yukt amavasya ki pratit hoti hai, kyonki chandra surya se piche 12 vin rashi-sthan men 348 ansh (digri) ki duri par sthit hai. 3. panchang ke ganit aur surya siddhant ke anusar chaitra shukla pratipda ko pratahkal min lagn udit hota hai. lagn men surya tatha surya se 12 digri ki anshatmak duri par min ya mesh rashi men chandra sthit rahta hai. 4. ‘chaitra shukla pratipda ko ashvini nakshatra-mesh rashi men, suryoday kal men srishti rachna praranbh hui thi.’ brahmapuran ka yah kathan sabhi ko manya hai. chaitra shukla pratipda se nav sanvatsar ka praranbh basant agaman aur nav varsh ka praranbh gregeriyan kailendar men isa varsh ka praranbh 1 janvri se hota hai. ‘dhanuarke dhanushakriti’ arthat paushmas men surya ke dhanu rashi men hone ke karan hemant ritu ka uÿararddh hota hai. yah param shitkal ka samay hai. is samay vyakti thand se thithur kar dhanush ke saman terha ho jata hai. is mausam men shit ka prakop praniyon men rog aur bhay utpann karta hai. yah ritu shreshth nahin hoti, atah is samay (janvri se) navavarsh ka praranbh karna uchit nahin hai. shastranusar ‘sam vasti ritvah’ arthat jis samay achchi ritu hoti hai usi samay se sanvatsar ka praranbh hota hai. chah rituon men basant ko hi sarvashreshth mana gaya hai. yah ritu dev aradhna, yog aur bhog sabhi karyon ke lie anukul rahti hai. basant ritu men gehun adi ki navin faslen pakakar taiyar ho jati hain. is tarah yah ritu hamen navann pradan karti hai. basant hi jivan men navin anand-ullas ka ehsas karata hai islie isko rituraj kaha jata hai. atah basant ritu se nav varsh (sanvatsara) ka praranbh karna sarvatha uchit hai. chaitra aur vaishakh mah men jab surya min-mesh rashi men hota hai, tab do mah ki basant ritu hoti hai. islie hindu panchangon men navsanvatsar ka praranbh chaitra shukla pratipda se kiya jana vedshastranusar sarvashreshth hai. min sankranti se mesh sankranti tak arthat basant ritu se shishir ritu tak 365 din 6 ghante men prithvi surya ki ek parikrama purn kar leti hai, ise hi sanvatsar kal kahte hain. min sankranti falgun purnima tak ho jati hai. iske bad uÿar bhartiya panchangon men chaitra mas ka praranbh ho jata hai kintu nav sanvat ka nahin. chunki chaitra krishn paksh men adhimas (malmas) parne ki sanbhavna rahti hai, islie nav sanvat ka praranbh chaitra shukla paksh se kiya jata hai. is prakar purnimant mas adharit panchangon men chaitra mah do bhagon men vibhakt rahta hai. panchang ke praranbh men chaitra sudi ki 15 tithiyan tatha ant men chaitra badi ki 15 tithiyan likh di jati hanai. chaitra krishn 30 (amavasya) ko chandravarsh samapt ho jata hai jabki amant mas adharit dakshin bhartiya panchang varsh ke in antim 15 dinon ko falgun krishn paksh hi likhte hain. chaitra shukla pratipda se varsh ke pratham mah ka praranbh aur amavasya ko ant hota hai. purnima ko chandra chitra ke nakshatra men hone ke karan is mas ka nam chaitra rakha gaya hai. nakshatranusar hi bite hue mahinon ka namakaran hua hai.