upnishad kalin jivan ka mul tatva tha - shraddha. upnishad shabd ka shabdik arth hai pas baithna, guru ke pas baithakar sunna. koi apne guru ke pas tab tak nahin baith sakta jab tak uske hriday men shraddha n ho. shraddha hi vah mul tatva hai jo guru-shishya ke bich hriday ke taron ko jorta hai. shraddha ko gita men shrikrishn ne vaisa sthan diya ki is shabd ki jitni bar avritti hui, shayad hi kisi shabd ki utni bar avritti hui hogi. bat yatra-tatra ghumakar shraddha par hi tik jati hai. ek adhyay satrahvan ka nam hi shraddhatrayvibhag yog hai. ismen tin prakar ki shraddha ki bat kahi gai- satvik, rajsi aur tamsi. shrikrishn jaise mahayogi satya ko tin drishtiyon se nahin dekh sakte. to fir bat kya hai? vastutah bhagvan shrikrishn jitne hi bare mahayogi hain, utne hi bare manovaigyanik. ve manav prakriti ke anupam chitrakar hain. jisne bhi manav prakriti ko samjhne ka prayas kiya, vah krishn ki lila par mohit ho gaya aur gita ko ek anupam kalakriti man liya.
am dharna hai ki gita ek shushk dharmik granth hai. yah dharna apni jagah par hai; aisa islie ki manav man par samaj, sanskar, vyaktigat pap - punya ki itni dhul jama ho jati hai ki uska darpan matmaila ho jata hai, uski atma maili chadar ko dhote rahti hai. jis din darpan svachch ho jata hai, chadar dhaval ho jati hai us din darshan ke akash men kali ki chandni tairne lagti hai. vastutah gita men shrikrishn tin prakar ki manviya prakriti ka ullekh kar rahe hain- satvik, rajsi aur tamsi. in tinon prakritiyon ke log apni-apni prakriti ke anurup satya ko dekhte hanai. jinki jaisi prakriti hoti hai unki vaisi hi pravritti hoti hai. manushya apni pravritti ke anurup sansar ko dekhta hai, vaisa hi karm karta hai aur usi ko sach man leta hai. uski shraddha uski prakriti aur pravritti se prabhavit ho jati hai. in tinon pravrittiyon se prabhavit shraddha us madhusudan ko nahin dekhne deta hai jiske lie yah ankhiya janm janmantar se pyasi rahi hai.
use yagyaseni draupdi hi dekh pati hai. islie shrikrishn kahte hain - jab tak manushya in tinon pravrittiyon se tatasth nahin hoga tab use nadiyon par sajan ka dera nahin dikhega. shrimadbhagavat mahapuran men bharat ki katha hai. bharat chakravarti samrat the, dushyant putra bharat nahin aur n hi shriram ke anuj bharat. unmen aisa prabhu prem jaga ki unhonne apne rajpat ka tyagakar van men jakar sadhna men lin ho gae. ek din ek garbhavati mrigi ka picha ek shikari kar raha tha, vah dar ke mare nadi men kud pari. uska garbh kinare par gir para aur vah mrigi mar gai. garbh us avastha tak purn ho chuka tha. garbh ke rup men jo mrig shavak dikhai diya use sadhak maharaj bharat ne apni god men utha liya. unhen us mrig shavak se itna lagav ho gaya ki ve din rat usi mrig shavak ke moh men pare rahe. isi mohagrast avastha men bharat ki mrityu ho jati hai. kahte hain- ant mati so gati. mrig ko smaran karte hue bharat ke pran nikle aur unhen mrig ka hi jivan mila.
mrig ki seva karna uchit tha lekin mrig ban jana uchit nahin tha. mishtann khana ek bat hai aur mishtann ban jana dusri bat. islie gita men shrikrishn kahte hain ki trigunatmak prakriti se tatasth rahte hue satya ko upalabdh hoo. tatasth rahte hue nirvikar hokar atmopalabdh hona hi vastav men shraddha ka vishram sthal hai. yah gita men ullikhit shraddha ka svarup hai. ek bahut hi mahatvapurn bat gita men shrikrishn ne kaha- ‘‘shraddhavan labhet gyanan.’’ shraddhavan vyakti ko gyan ki prapti hoti hai. nirvikar man men shraddha ke bij ankurit hone par vyakti us sanatan satya ko apne andar pa leta hai. jiske lie vah anant kal se bhatak raha hai. aisi hi shraddha se uske anant bhatakan ka ant hota hai. tabhi vo ga pata hai. kora kagaj tha ye man mera. likh diya nam us par tera. us par sain likho, ram likho, shyam likho, sadguru likho, allah likho- koi fark nahin parta, sab ek hain- sabka malik ek hai.
yahin par gosvami tulsidas apni anupam kriti shriramchrit manas ke praranbh men hi kahte hain - bhavanishankrau vande shraddhavishvasrupinau. yabhyan vina n pashyanti siddhaah svantah sthamishvaram.. gosvami ji ne mata bhavani ko shraddha svarupa kaha. sachmuch janni to shraddhasvarupa hi hoti hai. yadi shraddha n ho to itne kasht sahakar shishu ko janm dene ke bad uski ek muskan par vah apne kasht ko bhul jati hai. apne hriday ke ansh ko dharti par lati hai. islie gosvami ji kahte hain ki shraddha hone par hi ham apne antas men parmatma ko dekh sakte hain. jahan bhavani hain, vahin shiv honge. jahan shraddha hai, vahin vishvas hai. bhavani aur shiv ke sanyog ka fal ganesh hain. shraddha aur vishvas ke milan se srijan hota hai. srijan hi sansar ka adhar hai. islie ganesh ki pratham puja hoti hai. srijan ko sansar pujta hai. shraddha adharit prem se hi srijan ke konpal niklte hain. aisi shraddha jab manushya ke antahsthal men ho tabhi vah sansar ke kan kan se prem karega. charachar jagat se prem karega, sain se karega aur sain ke shrichrnon men arpit gulab se bhi prem karega.
aisi hi shraddha ko sainbaba ne apna gurumantra kaha. aisi shraddha jo bina kisi ke kan men gurumantra die uske hriday men utar jae aur use bhav sagar se par utar de. atma aur parmatma ke bich ki vela ka ant ho jata hai. shraddha ke sopan par mukti mil jati hai. yah sain bhakti ka pahla sopan hai. saburi baba, ka dusra mantra hai- saburi. saburi yani dhairya athva santosh. sabra shabd ghiste ghiste saburi ban gaya. sant aur samrajyavadi ke bich khara hai santosh. santosh ko apnane se vyakti sant banta hai aur use sant shiromni sain ka sannidhya milta hai. vahin santosh ke tiraskar se vyakti samrajyavadi banta hai. usmen aur pane ki lalak hoti hai. vah age barhta jata hai. apne age barhne men vah bhul jata hai ki sharirik star par hi age barhna, bhautik star par hi age barhna jivan ka lakshya nahin hai. is tathakthit pragti ke path par ankh rahte hue bhi andhe ki tarah bartav karne aur hor men shamil hone se atma ki avnti hoti hai. vah satya se dur chali jati hai, itna dur ki jahan se lautne ki sanbhavna kshin ho jati hai. satya vihin hriday men bhay ka nivas hota hai.
islie duniya ke sabhi samrajyavadi andar se dare rahte hain. ve bhay ke vashibhut hokr-fiyar saikosis ke tahat karya karte hain. bhay ke adhin hokar ve galti karte rahte hain. parinamtah unka ant dukhad hota hai. ant men jis samrajya ke lie ve jivan bhar sangharsh karte rahte hain, vah samrajya unke kisi kam ka nahin rah jata. chahe hitalar ho ya ravan, pratyek samrajyavadi ka ant dukhad hota hai. santosh ke karan hi ram rajsinhasan ka tyag karte hain lekin anuj bharat ka nahin. anuj bharat santosh ke karan hi ayodhya ke sinhasan ka tyag karte hain lekin apne bhrata shriram ka nahin. sita rajamahal ko chorakar van men rahna svikar karti hain. vahin asantosh ke karan vyakti ravan banta hai. jo janm se rudan kar raha ho vahi ravan hai. ek arth men pratyek vyakti janm se rudan hi karta hai. lekin vah bhul jata hai ki jis vaibhav ke lie vah rota hai uske svami vibhishan uske pas hi hain. vaise vibhishan men ‘vi’ se vishisht, ‘bhav’ se sansar aur ishan men ishvar shabd hai arthat sansar men rahte hue jo vishisht purush ishvar ko n bhule vahi vibhishan hai. ramayan ki lanka maya ka pratik hai.
is maya nagri men ravan rota rahta hai aur vibhishan ishvar sadhna men lin rahta hai. asantosh se vashibhut hokar ravan vibhishan ka tyag karta hai aur uska dukhad ant hota hai. asantosh vyakti ko patan ki or le jata hai aur santosh unnati ki or. bhagvan buddh rajkumar the. unhonne apni yuvavastha men samrajya ke yatharth ko samajh liya tha, unhonne jan liya tha ki dusre par shasan karne se atma svayan bandhan ke adhin ho jati hai. shasan ke lie jin sam, dam, dand, bhed ki avashyakta hoti hai ve dehabhiman se prerit vichar hain. uske rahte hue chadar maili hi rahegi. us maili chadar ko orhakar atma parmatma se nahin mil sakti. islie rajkumar siddharth ne kapilavastu ka tyag kiya aur bodh ki nagri men pravesh. bodh ki nagri men sadhna karne se vyakti buddhatva ko upalabdh hota hai. isi buddh ke age karorane logon ne apna mastak navaya, rajpurushon ne unke charnon men apna mukut rakh diya. ashok ka jab apni samrajyavadi niti se moh bhang hua tab usne buddhatva ki sharan li. use laga ki jivan men halachal ka ant hona chahie. santosh ke bina shanti sanbhav nahin.
samrat ashok ne jab santosh dharan kiya tab kaling yuddh ka ant hua aur usne yuddh vijay ko vishram diya. santosh ka hi dusra nam hai - buddhatva. asantosh ka mukhya karan vikaron ka hona hai. shadvikar- kam, krodh, lobh, mad, moh aur matsar. ye apas men sanbandhit hain. inke apas ke sanbandh par gita men bahut hi spasht sutra hai. dhyayto vishyanpunsah sangasteshupjayte. sangatsanjayte kamah kamatkrodhobhijayte.. krodhadbhavati sammohah sammohatsamritivibhramah. smritibhranshad bunddhinasho buddhi nashatpranashyati.. vishay yani maya ke chintan se kam utpann hota hai. kam se krodh utpann hota hai. krodh se smriti nasht hoti hai aur smriti nasht hone se buddhi nasht hoti hai. buddhi nasht hone se jivatma ka patan hota hai. vastutah shadvikar hi pap ka mul hai aur shadvikar ke mul men asantosh. asantosh ke karan ichchaen utpann hoti hain. ichchaon ke karan vyakti anant bhatakan men parta hai.
is sansar men bhautik utpadan ke bina raha nahin ja sakta. yadi satvik rup se dhanarjan kiya jae aur apne antas ko bhule bina us dhan se satkarm kiya jae arthat maryadit jivan jite hue dhanarjan kiya jae to vah dhan sansar ke lie labhkari hota hai. islie gosvami tulsidas kahte hain ‘‘kar se karam karhun vidhi nana. man rakhhun jahan kripa nidhana..’’ vibhinn prakar ke karmon ko karte hue man kripanidhan par bhi tika rah sakta hai jab hriday men saburi ho. islie hamare purkhon ne kaha- santosham param sukham arthat santosh men parmanand hai. sabhi dharmon men santosh ko mahatva diya gaya hai. jisko sabra rahega usi ko santosh hoga. isi saburi ko baba ne mul mantra bana diya. shraddha aur saburi ke sath rahne se vyakti parmanand ko prapt kar sakega.