ravan ko ramayan, agnipuran, shivpuran adi men mahapandit kaha gaya hai. ravan ek ati buddhiman brahman tatha shankar bhagvan ka bahut bara bhakt tha. vah maha tejasvi, pratapi, parakrami, rupvan tatha vidvan tha. valmiki uske gunon ko nishpakshata ke sath svikar karte huye use charon vedon ka vishvavikhyat gyata aur mahan vidvan batate hain. ravan jahan dusht aur papi tha vahin usmen shishtachar aur unche adarsh vali maryadayen bhi thin. ram ke viyog men duahkhi sita se ravan ne kaha hai, ‘he site, yadi tum mere prati kambhav nahin rakhti to main tujhe sparsh nahin kar sakta.’ shastron ke anusar bandhya, rajasvala, akama adi stri ko sparsh karne ka nishedh hai atah apne prati akama sita ko sparsh n karke ravan maryada ka param acharan karta hai. ramayan aur ramchritmanas donon hi granthon men ravan ko bahut mahattva diya gaya hai. rakshasi mata aur rishi pita ki santan hone ke karan sadaiv do paraspar virodhi tatva ravan ke antahkaran ko mathte rahte hain. sangit ke kshetra men bhi ravan ki vidvatta apne samay men advitiya mani jati hai. vina bajane men ravan siddhahast tha.
shastra kya kahte hain ravan janm par padmapuran, shrimadbhagavat puran, kurmapuran, ramayan, mahabharat, anand ramayan, dashavtarchrit adi granthon men ravan ka ullekh hua hai. ravan ke uday ke vishay men bhinna-bhinn granthon men bhinna-bhinn prakar ke ullekh milte hain. padmapuran tatha shrimadbhagavat puran ke anusar hiranyaksh evan hiranyakshipu dusre janm men ravan aur kumbhakarn ke rup men paida hue. valmiki ramayan ke anusar ravan pulastya muni ka pota tha arthat unke putra vishvashrava ka putra tha. vishvashrava ki varavarnini aur kaiksi namak do patniyan thin. varavarnini ke kuber ko janm dene par sautiya dah vash kaiksi ne kubela (ashubh samay - ku-bela) men garbh dharan kiya. isi karan se uske garbh se ravan tatha kumbhakarn jaise krur svabhav vale bhayankar rakshas utpann huye. tulsidas ji ke ramchritmanas ke anusar ravan ka janm shap ke karan hua tha. ve narad evan pratapbhanu ki kathaon ko ravan ke janm ka karan batate hain.
mahapandit ravan hai apratim
1. ravan ki man ka nam kaiksi tha aur pita rishi vishvashrava the. kaiksi daitya kanya thin. ravan ke bhai vibhishan, kunbhakarn aur bahan surpanakha ke sath hi devtaon ke koshadhyaksh kuber dev bhi ravan ke bhai hain.
2. ek bar ravan ne apni shakti ke mad men shivji ke kailash parvat ko hi utha liya tha. us samay bholenath ne matra apne pair ke anguthe se hi kailash parvat ka bhar barha diya aur ravan use adhik samay tak utha nahin saka. is dauran ravan ka hath parvat ke niche fans gaya. bahut prayatn ke bad bhi ravan apna hath vahan se nahin nikal saka. tab ravan ne shivji ko prasann karne ke lie usi samay shiv tandav stotra rach diya. shivji is stotra se bahut prasann ho gae.
3. ravan bahut vidvan, charon vedon ka gyata aur jyotish vidya men parangat tha. uske jaisi tikshn buddhi vala koi bhi prani prithvi par nahin hua. insan ke mastishk men buddhi aur gyan ka bhandar hota hai, jiske bal par vah jo chahe hasil kar sakta hai. ravan ke to das sir yani das mastishk the. kahte hain, ravan ki vidvatta se prabhavit hokar bhagvan shankar ne apne ghar ki vastushanti hetu acharya pandit ke rup men dashanan ko nimantran diya tha.
4. ravan bhagvan shankar ka upasak tha. kuch kathaon ke anusar- setu nirman ke samay rameshvaram men shivling ki sthapna ki gai, to uske pujan ke lie kisi vidvan ki khoj shuru hui. us vakt sabse yogya vidvan ravan hi tha, islie usse shivling pujan ka agrah kiya gaya aur shivabhakt ravan ne shatruon ke amantran ko svikara tha.
5. ravan mahatapasvi tha. apne tap ke bal par hi usne sabhi devon aur grahon ko apne paksh men kar liya tha. kathin tapasya se prasann hokar brahma ne ravan ko amrta aur vidvatta ka vardan diya tha.
6. ravan ko rasayan shastra ka gyan tha. use kai achuk shaktiyan hasil thin, jinke bal par usne anek chamatkarik karya sampann kie. agniban, brahmastra adi inmen gine ja sakte hain.
7. vedon ki richaon par anusandhan kar ravan ne vigyan ke anek kshetron men ullekhniya saflta hasil ki. vah ayurved ki jankari bhi rakhta tha. ravan ek mahan kavi bhi tha. uska yah kaushal shiv tandav stotra men najar ata hai. yahi nahin, vah vina bajane men bhi siddhahast tha.
8. ravan jab kisi bhi karya ko hath men leta, to use puri nishpakshata aur kartavyabhav se purn karta. shiv ke prati bhakti ki ananya lagnshilta ke karan tandav stotra ki rachna ki thi. isi ke bal par ravan ne shiv ko prasann kar vardan pa liya. apni sachchi lagnshilta ke karan divya astra-shastra, mantra-tantra ki siddhiyan prapt kar ravan vishvavikhyat bana.
9. ravan nirbhik tha. vah kisi bhi vyakti ke samne apna paksh purn tark aur dam-kham ke sath rakhta tha. yuddh ke maidan men ram, lakshman, hanuman jaise yoddhaon ko samne dekh vah tanik bhi vichlit nahin hua. svayan ram ne ravan ki buddhi aur bal ki prashansa ki, islie jab ravan mrityu-shaiyya par tha, tab ram ne lakshman ko ravan se sikh lene ke lie kaha.
10. asuri gunon ke karan ravan vishnu avtari shriram ke hathon mrityu ko prapt hua anyatha vah apne panditya ki badaulat apne kal men shraddha ka patra bhi tha. ek hi avgun ahankar! mahagyani evan anek gunon ka svami hone ke bavjud bhi ravan atyant abhimani tha. yahi karan hai ki ravan ko burai ke pratik ke rup men jana jata hai. iska matra ek hi karan hai ki ravan behad ahankari tha. satta ke mad men uchchrinkhal hokar vah devtaon, rishiyon, yakshon aur gandharvon par nana prakar ke atyachar karta tha. isi ke chalte usne sita ji ka apaharan kiya aur uska sarvanash ho gaya. anttah galti aur avgun ke chalte yugon-yugon tak use burai ka pratik mana jata hai. isiliye shri ram ne uska vadh karke uske atyachar ka ant kiya. ramayan hamen yah sikh deti hai ki chahe asatya aur buri takten kitni bhi jyada ho jaen, par achchai ke samne unka vajud ek n ek din mit hi jata hai. sach aur achchai ne hamesha sahi vyakti ka sath diya hai. dashhra parva das prakar ke pap yatha kam, krodh, lobh, moh, mad, matsar, ahankar, alasya, hinsa aur chori ke parityag ki sadprerna pradan karta hai.
dashanan (ravn) ke dash adbhut rahasya
1. valmiki ramayan ke mutabik sabhi yoddhaon ke rath men achchi nasla ke ghore hote the lekin ravan ke rath men gadhe hua karte the. ve bahut teji se chalte the.
2. ravan sangit ka bahut bara jankar tha, sarasvati ke hath men jo vina hai uska avishkar bhi ravan ne kiya tha.
3. ravan jyotishi to tha hi tantra, mantra aur ayurved ka bhi visheshagya tha.
4. ravan ne shiv se yuddh men harakar unhen apna guru banaya tha.
5. bali ne ravan ko apni baju men daba kar char samudron ki parikrama ki thi.
6. ramchritmanas men gosvami tulsidas likhte hain ki ravan ke darbar men sare devta aur digpal hath jorakar khare rahte the.
7. ravan ke mahal men jo ashok vatika thi usmen ashok ke ek lakh se jyada vriksh the. is vatika men sivay ravan ke kisi anya purush ko jane ki anumti nahin thi.
8. ravan jab patal ke raja bali se yuddh karne pahuncha to bali ke mahal men khel rahe bachchon ne hi use pakarakar astabal men ghoron ke sath bandh diya tha.
9. ravan jab bhi yuddh karne niklta to khud bahut age chalta tha aur baki sena piche hoti thi. usne kai yuddh to akele hi jite the.
10. ravan ne yampuri jakar yamraj ko bhi yuddh men hara diya tha aur nark ki saja bhugat rahi jivatmaon ko mukt karakar apni sena men shamil kiya tha.