surya ke do ayan hote hain. uttarayan aur dakshinayan. uttarayan kal men surya makar rashi se mithun rashi tak bhraman karta hai aur kark se dhanu tak ke bhraman samay ko dakshinayan bhraman kal mana jata hai. hamari hindu sabhyata sanskriti men uttarayan surya ko ati uttam mana jata hai. prayah sabhi shubh karya shadi vivah, grih pravesh, ya jap, anushthan adi isi kal men sanpann kie jate hain. surya ke makar rashi men pravesh ko makar sankranti parva ke rup men manaya jata hai. yah prayah 14 janvri ko hota hai. is varsh yah parva 15 janvri ko hoga. sunne men thora ajib lagega parantu is varsh 2008 ko aisa hi hoga kyonki is bar 14 janvri ko arddharatri ke bad 12 bajakar 9 minat par surya makar rashi men pravesh karega. tab tak tarikh badalakar 15 ho jaegi.
makar sankranti ka punya kal to 15 janvri ko kai bar aya lekin 15 janvri ko surya ka makar rashi men pravesh pahli bar ho raha hai. iska punyakal 15 janvri sayankal 4 bajakar 9 minat tak rahega. nirnay sindhu ke anusar makar sankranti ka punya kal 16 ghante tak rahta hai. is parva ki tarikh badlne se is din hone vale dharmik ayojan v dan punya bhi 15 janvri ko hi kie jaenge. 14 janvri ko suryast ke 1 ghante 12 minat ke bad surya makar rashi men pravesh kare to punya kal 15 janvri ko ata hai. aisa kai bar hua hai. ab yadi ham bhagvan shri ram ke janm samay ki ganna aj ke kailendar ke anusar karen to paenge ki unka janm hua tha chaitra shukla paksh navmi ko aur us varsh ki makar sankranti ki tarikh gregeriyan kailendar ke anusar 27 farvri ko hui thi. isi prakar prabhu shri krishn ke janm varsh ki ganna aj ke kailendar se karen to paenge ki us varsh jab unka janm hua tha tab tak sankranti ki tarikh 1 farvri rahi thi.
adi guru shankracharya ji ki janm tithi ki ganna aj ke kailendar se karen to jis varsh unka janm hua tha us varsh ki makar sankranti 22 disanbar ko pari thi. tatparya yah ki yah jaruri nahin hai ki yah parva 14 janvri ko hi manaya jae. makar sankranti 15 janvri ko kyon: prithvi apni dhuri par ghumte hue prativarsh 55 vikla ya 72 se 90 salon men ek ansh piche rah jati hai. isse surya makar rashi men deri se pravesh karta hai. karib 1700 varsh purva 22 disanbar ko yah parva hota tha. iske bad prithvi ke ghumne ki gati men 72 se 90 salon men ek ansh ka antar ata gaya aur makar rashi men surya ke pravesh ki tithi usi ke anurup barhti gai. sarvapratham san 1904 men yah parva 14 janvri ko manaya gaya tha. vartaman men 14 janvri aur 15 janvri ko makar sankranti ane ka sankraman kal chalega. ismen kuch varshon men 14 janvri v kuch varshon men 15 janvri ko makar sankranti hogi. is sadi ke ant tak makar sankranti 15 janvri ko hone lagegi.
iske uprant 22vin sadi men 15 aur 16 janvri ka sankraman kal chalega. yahan pathkon ki jankari hetu ek talika banakar yah batane ka prayas kiya ja raha hai ki san ek se lekar san das hajar tak makar sankranti kab-kab hui aur age kab hogi. 1.1.0001 ko surya makar ka 13° ka tha arthat 19 disanbar ko makar sankranti pari thi. san men makar sankranti ki tarikh 099 20 disanbar 199 21 disanbar 299 21 disanbar 399 22 disanbar 499 23 disanbar 599 23 disanbar 1000 25 disanbar 1500 28 disanbar 1582 men kailendar men sanshodhan hua. not: kisi bhi varsh makar sankranti nav varsh (1 janvri) ko nahin pari. iska kya karan hua ham apko batane ka prayas kar rahe hain. pop gregri 13 ne 365.2425 dinon ko ek varsh ke adhar par kailendar ko sanshodhit kar adhikarik rup se 1582 e.di. men prastavit kiya. 10 dinon (aktubar 5 se aktubar 14) ko us varsh ke kailendar men sammilit n karke, yadyapi yah sanshodhan vishva star par us samay grahan nahin kiya gaya.
iske purva kisi mahatvuparn ghatna ki ganna islie juliyan kailendar ke adhar par ki gai aur is tithi ke pashchat gregeriyan kailendar ke adhar par ki gai. sanshodhit kailendar men 400 varshon men keval 97 lip varsh hain islie shatabdi varshon ko, jo 400 se vibhajit nahin hote jaise 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200 evan 2300 e.di., lip varsh nahin hain. anya varshon men jo ki 4 ya 400 se vibhajit hote hain, purva ki bhanti lip varsh hain. pathkon ki jankari hetu 14.10.1582 aur 15.10.1582 ke grah spasht bhi yahan prastut hain. 14.10.1582 15.10.1582 surya 6e12°9sh 6e3°11sh chandra 5e13°31sh 1e17°19sh mangal 3e1°41sh 2e28°9sh budh 6e12°30sh 5e27°24sh guru 9e24°36sh 9e24°16sh shukra 5e10°3sh 4e29°5sh shani 10e16°14sh 10e16°32sh rahu 8e14°52sh 8e15°19sh ketu 2e14°52sh 2e15°19sh chunki san 1582 men 5 aktubar se 14 aktubar ke bich sanshodhan hua tha atah age ki talika nimnalikhit hai.
san men makar sankranti ki tarikh 1700 9 janvri 1800 11 janvri 1900 13 janvri 1904 pratham bar 14 janvri ko 2000 14 janvri 2102 yah pahli bar 16 janvri ko hogi 3000 28 janvri 5000 25 janvri 10000 5 mai ko surya makar men pravesh karega. atah janmanas ko yah achchi tarah se samajh lena chahie ki makar sankranti 14 janvri ko hi pare yah jaruri nahin hai. yah surya ke makar rashi men pravesh ke samay ke adhar par nirdharit hoti hai aur yah samay aynansh ke anusar badlta rahta hai.