jain dharm bharat ki shraman parampara se nikla dharm aur darshan hai. ‘jain’ unhen kahte hain, jo ‘jin’ ke anuyayi hon. ‘jin’ shabd bana hai ‘ji’ dhatu se. ‘ji’ yani jitna. ‘jin’ arthat jitne vala. jinhonne apne man ko jit liya, apni vani ko jit liya aur apni kaya ko jit liya, ve hain ‘jin’. jain dharm arthat ‘jin’ bhagvan ka dharm hai.
pavastrahin badan, shuddh shakahari bhojan aur nirmal vani ek jain-anuyayi ki pahli pahchan hai. yahan tak ki jain dharm ke anya log bhi shuddh shakahari bhojan hi grahan karte hain tatha apne dharm ke prati bare sachet rahte hain.
karmaratin jaytiti jin: arthat jo karmarupi shatruon ko jit leta hai vah ‘jin’ hai.
jain dharm ke udbhav ka spasht ullekh to kisi bhi likhit kriti men nahin hai kintu itna to nishchit hai ki yah dharm vaidik kal se purva bhi vidyaman tha. iska praman is bat se milta hai ki jain dharm tatha iske kuch tirthankron ke vishay men rigved, vishnu puran aur bhagavat puran men bhi charcha milti hai. jain dharm ka pravartak rishabh dev ko mana jata hai jo sanbhvtah chakravarti samrat bharat ke pita the. inka sanbandh spashtataya rajkul se tha. jain dharm men kul 24 tirthankron ki charcha hai jinke nam is prakar hain:
1. rishabh dev 7. supashrva 13. vimlnath 19. mallinath 2. ajit 8. chandraprabh 14. anant 20. munisubrat 3. sanbhav 9. pushpadant ya suvidhi 15. dharm 21. nami 4. abhinandan 10. shital 16. shanti 22. neminath 5. sumti 11. shreyans 17. kunsunath 23. pashrvanath 6. padmaprabh 12. vosupujya 18. arsnath 24. varddhaman mahavir.
jain dharm ke in 24 tirthankron men se antim do tirthankron ke vishay men hi vishad jankari prapt hai. jain dharm ke anuyayiyon ka yah vishvas hai ki unka dharm anadi hai aur srishti ke sath hi paida hua hai. pahle tirthankar rishabh dev ka nam vaidik sahitya men sammanpurvak ata hai. kintu antim tirthankar mahavir ka nam vishesh rup se islie liya jata hai kyonki samay ke sath-sath unhonne dharm ko ek nishchit sutra men bandha. in 24 tirthankron men se adhikansh ke sanbandh raj parivaron se rahe hain kintu inhonne logon ko dharm sammat jivan jine ka path parhane ke lie apne rajya ka tyag kar tatha indriyon par vijay prapt kar jain dharm ke utthan men apna sarvasva laga diya.
apni kundli men sabhi dosh ki jankari paen kampalit dosh riport men
jain dharm ka yah manna hai ki srishti anadi kal se apne adi tatvon ke adhar par hi chal rahi hai. adi tatva chah hain -
1. jiv (atma) 2. pudgal (padartha) 3. dharm 4. adharm 5. akash 6. kal. jiv chetan dravya hai. jiv ka mul gun hai - anant gyan, anant virya, anant darshan evan anant sukh.
karm ka avaran hatakar apne shuddh gun ko prapt karne ke bad hi shanti sanbhav hai. karm ka kshay hone par jiv usi sthiti ko prapt hota hai jise moksh kahte hain. moksh prapt karte hi jiv men anant sukh, gyan, darshan, virya sadyah utpann hote hain aur aisa mukt jivan ‘jin’ kahlata hai. atah jivan ka dhyey hai moksh prapti aur uska marg hai karmakshay aur karmakshay ke sadhan hain triratn. triratn ki sadhna ka prachar-prasar bhagvan mahavir ne kiya.
jain dharm ke antargat ahinsa ko jiv aur jivan ke prati samman ke arth men liya gaya hai. hinsa ko sabse bara pap aur ahinsa ko param dharm mana gaya hai. yahan tak ki jamin par hal chalane se hone vali hinsa se bachne ke lie jainiyon ne kheti tak karna chor diya. isi tarah, shvetambar jain muni nak aur munh par kapra bandh kar rakhte hain, taki kitanuon ko nuksan n pahunche. jain dharm men is vishva ko anadi mana gaya hai. ishvar ko vishva ke rachyita ke rup men svikar nahin kiya gaya hai.
isi tarah jain dharm men ‘moksha’ pane ke lie ishvar ki sahayta ya kripa ki koi avashyakta nahin samjhi jati hai. ishvar ki bhakti aur upasna ke bina sadhak svayan apne prayatnon se jivan ke sarvochch lakshya ‘moksha’ ko prapt kar sakta hai. iske atirikt jain dharm men bhi hindu dharm ki tarah atma ki amrta men vishvas paya gaya hai, lekin jain dharm men atma ki avdharna hindu dharm se alag hai. jain dharm ke anusar atma men vistar hota hai, aur vah jagah gherti hai.
shri bhagvan mahavir - jivn
shri bhagvan mahavir ka janm vaishali ke pas kundalapur gram men vrijjigan ke gyatrikul namak kul men raja siddharth ke yahan 599 isapurva chaitra shukla trayodshi ko hua tha. inki mata ka nam trishla tha aur inhen bachapan men varddhaman nam diya gaya. rajkumar varddhaman ne yuvavastha tak kshatriyon ki samast kalaon ka abhyas kiya. mata ke agrah se inhonne raja samrvir ki kanya yashoda devi se vivah bhi kiya jisse inhen ek kanya hui jiska nam tha priyadarshana. kintu grihasth jivan unhen bar-bar ek bandhan, ek mayajal lagta tha jisse mukt hone ke lie unki antratma jhakjhorti rahti thi.
jab rajkumar varddhaman 28 varsh ke the tab unke mata - pita ki mrityu ho gayi. ghar tyag kar muni banne ki unki ichcha fir bhi nahin dabi kintu bhai nandi ke agrah par do varsh aur ghar par rahna para. 30 varsh ki ayu men ghar chorakar varddhaman ne diksha le li. diksha lete hi unhen manah paryay gyan (dusre ke man ki bat janne ki shakti) ki prapti ho gayi. indriyon aur man par sanpurn vijay ki siddhi ke lie unhonne sarhe barah varsh tak ghor tapasya ki. is dauran kabhi-kabhi chah mahine tak ve nirjal upvas karte rahe to kabhi-kabhi mahinon tak khare hokar dhyan karte rahe.
tapasya ke dauran unhen ghor kasht bhi sahne pare tatha anya janvron ne unhen bhayankar kasht die. andhi, varsha, ole ne unhen digane ke bharasak prayatn kie kintu ve parvat ki bhanti avichal rahe. indra ne is dhairya tatha manobal ko dekhakar hi unhen mahavir kaha. anttah tapasya puri hui aur mahavir sabhi ichchaon, vasnaon se mukt hokar vitragi, sarvagya evan mahasiddh ban gae.
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shri bhagvan mahavir updesh
mahavir ne pashrvanath ke char siddhanton - satya, ahinsa, astey, aprigrah men panchvan siddhant brahmacharya jora. moksh pane ka sadhan svayan ko sansarik bandhnon se mukt kar sadachar men laga dena hai. bhagvan mahavir ne man ki pavitrata aur ahinsa par vishesh jor diya. moksh prapti ke lie inhonne tin sadhnon ka pratipadan kiya jo triratn ke nam se prasiddh hai ve is prakar hain:
samyak gyan: sachcha aur purn gyan. iski prapti samast tirthankron ke die gae adhyayan se ho sakti hai.
samyak darshana: tirthankron men purn vishvas.
samyak charitra: naitik jivan vyatit karne ke lie uparyukt panchon siddhanton ke anusar acharan karna. atma ko bhautik bandhnon se mukt karne ke lie triratn ka niyampurvak palan avashyak hai. jain dharm vishva chetna ke vaidik dharm ko nahin manta hai. ismen brahmacharya par vishesh jor diya gaya hai. in siddhanton se dhire-dhire vairagya aur tap ki sthiti aur ant men karm kshay ki sthiti prapt hoti hai.
jain dharm ki mul dharnaen aur vishishtataen
- jain dharm prachinatam avaidik dharm hai. ismen ishvar ka sthan nahin hai.
- jain dharm men ishvar ko sthan nahin hai, islie ismen devi-devtaon ki puja ka bhi koi pravdhan nahin hai.
- sabhi prachin bhartiya dharmon ki apeksha jain dharm men ahinsa ko hi param dharm samjha jata hai parantu darshanik adhar par bhi anekantavad ko vishesh sthan diya gaya hai.
- jain dharm ke anusar karm bandhan hai jo vyakti se chipte rahte hain.
- jain dharm men buddhivad ko vishesh sthan diya gaya hai, jabki hindu dharm men dharmagranth ko ek matra adhikari gyan ka srot samjha gaya hai.
- jain dharm darshan anekatvavadi evan vastavavadi darshan hai jismen jagat ko keval vyavharik rup se satya aur parmarthik se mithya kaha jata hai.
- jain dharm ke pravartakon ko aitihasik vyakti kaha jata hai. 24 tirthankron men bhagvan mahavir ko sabse bara aur antim tirthankar gina jata hai.
- jain dharm men varn vichar nahin hai.
- jain dharm ke panchmhavrat - satya, ahinsa, astey, aprigrah aur brahmacharya. in panchon ko kafi had tak hindu dharm men bhi manyata di gayi hai.
- hindu dharm aur jain dharm donon men atma ke astitva ko svikar kiya gaya hai.
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