gotra ka rahasya evan mahat  

gotra ke bare men janne ki jigyasa sabhi ko rahti hai. samanyatah jab koi bhi sanskar hota hai usmen gotra ki charcha hoti hai. gotra kya hai? gotra hamare samaj men kab se prachalan men aya aur iske piche dharmik evan samajik manyataen kya hain? iske bare men vistrit jankari de rahe hain, vidvan jyotishi pan. dayanand shastri ji. gotra ki paribhasha: gotra jiska arth vansh bhi hai, yah ek rishi ke madhyam se shuru hota hai aur hamen hamare purvajon ki yad dilata hai aur hamen hamare kartavyon ke bare men batata hai. age chalakar yahi gotra vansh parichay ke rup men samaj men pratishthit ho gaya. ek saman gotra vale ek hi rishi paranpra ke pratinidhi hone ke karan bhai-bahan samjhe jane lage jo aj bhi badastur jari hai. praranbh men sat gotra the. kalantar men dusre rishiyon ke sannidhya ke karan anya gotra astitva men aye. jativadi samajik vyavastha ki khasiyat hi yahi rahi ki ismen har samuh ko ek khas pahchan mili. hinduon men gotra hota hai jo kisi samuh ke pravartak athva pramukh vyakti ke nam par chalta hai. samanya rup se gotra ka matalab kul athva vansh paranpra se hai. gotra ko bahirvivahi samuh mana jata hai arthat aisa samuh jisse dusre parivar ka rakt sanbandh n ho arthat ek gotra ke log apas men vivah nahin kar sakte par dusre gotra men vivah kar sakte hain, jabki jati ek antarvivahi samuh hai yani ek jati ke log samuh se bahar vivah sanbandh nahin kar sakte. gotra matrivanshiya bhi ho sakta hai aur pitrivanshiya bhi: jaruri nahin ki gotra kisi adipurush ke nam se chale. janjatiyon men vishisht chihnon se bhi gotra tay hote hain jo vanaspatiyon se lekar pashu-pakshi tak ho sakte hain. sher, magar, surya, machli, pipal, babul adi ismen shamil hain. yah paranpra aryon men bhi rahi hai. halanki gotra pranali kafi jatil hai par use samjhne ke lie ye misalen sahayak ho sakti hain. devi prasad chattopadhyay ne apni prasiddh pustak lokayat men likhte hain ki koi brahman kashyap gotra ka hai aur yah nam kachue athva kachchap se bana hai. iska arth yah hua ki kashyap gotra ke sabhi sadasya ek hi mul purvaj ke vanshaj hain jo kashyap tha. is gotra ke brahman ke lie do baten nishiddh hain. ek to use kabhi kachue ka mans nahin khana chahie aur dusre use kashyap gotra men vivah nahin karna chahie. aj samaj men vivah ke nam par aenar kiling ka prachalan badh raha hai. uske mul men gotra sanbandhi yahi bahirvivah sanbandhi dharna hai. manav jivan men jati ki tarah gotron ka bahut mahatva hai, yah hamare purvajon ki yad dilata hai. sath hi hamare sanskar evan kartavyon ki yad dilata rahta hai. isse vyakti ke vanshavli ki pahchan hoti hai evan isse har vyakti apne ko gaurvanvit mahsus karta hai. hindu dharm ki sabhi jatiyon men gotra pae gae hain. ye kisi n kisi ganv, ped, janavar, nadiyon, vyakti ke nam, rishiyon ke nam, fulon ya kuldevi ke nam par banae gae hain. inki utpatti kaise hui is sanbandh men dharmik granthon ka ashray lena padega. dharmik adhar - mahabharat ke shanti purva (296-17, 18) men varnan hai ki mul char gotra the- 1. angira 2. kashyap 3. vashishth 4. bhrigu bad men ath ho gae jab jamdagni, atri, vishvamitra tatha agastya ke nam jud gae. gotron ki pramukhta us kal men badhi jab jati vyavastha kathor ho gai aur logon ko yah vishvas ho gaya ki sabhi rishi brahman the. us kal men brahman hi apni utpatti un rishiyon se hone ka dava kar sakte the. is prakar kisi brahman ka apna koi parivar, vansh ya gotra nahin hota tha. ek kshatriya ya vaishya yagya ke samay apne purohit ke gotra ke nam ka uchcharan karta tha. atah sabhi savarn jatiyon ke gotron ke nam purohiton tatha brahmanon ke gotron ke nam se prachlit hue. shudron ko chodakar anya sabhi jatiyon, jinko yagya men bhag lene ka adhikar tha unke gotra bhi brahmanon ke hi gotra hote the. gotron ki samanta ka yahi mukhya karan hai. shudra jis brahman aur kshatriya parivar ka paranpragat anantakal tak seva karte rahe unhonne bhi unhin brahmanon aur kshatriyon ke gotra apna lie. isi karan vibhinn arya aur anya jatiyon tatha varnon ke gotron men samanta pai jati hai. chaihan rajputon, maliyon, adi kai jatiyon men milna samanya bat hai. saransh men purohiton tatha kshatriyon ke parivaron ki jin jatiyon ne pidhi seva ki unke gotra bhi purohiton aur kshatriyon ke saman ho gae. rajghranon ke rasoi ka karya karne vale shudra tatha kapde dhone ka karya karne vale dhobiyon evan chamde ka karya karnevale charmakar adi vyaktiyon ke gotra isi vajah se rajputon se milte hain. lanbe samay tak ek sath rahne se bhi jatiyon ke gotron men samanta ai. brahmanon ke vivah men gautra-pravar ka bada mahatva hai: puranon v smriti granthon men bataya gaya hai ki yadi koi kanya sangautra ho, kintu sapravar n ho athva sapravar ho kint u sangautra n ho to aisi kanya ke vivah ko anumti nahin di jani chahie. vishvamitra, jamadagni, bharadvaj, gautam, atri, vashishth, kashyap-in saptarishiyon aur athven rishi agast ki santan ‘‘gautra’’ kahlati hai. yani jis vyakti ka gautra bharadvaj hai, uske purvaj rishi bharadvaj the aur vah vyakti is rishi ka vanshaj hai. age chalakar gautra ka sanbandh dharmik paranpra se jud gaya aur vivah karte samay iska upyog kiya jane laga. bharat vaidik kal se hi krishi pradhan desh raha hai aur krishi men gay ka bada mahatva raha hai .. vaidik kal se hi arya rishiyon ke nikat rahakar pathan, pathan, ijya, shasan, krishi, prashasan, goraksha aur vanijya ke karyon dvara apni jivika chalate the. aur chunki bharat ki jalvayu krishi ke anukul thi, isilie arya jan krishi vigyan men parangat the, aur krishi men gay ko sarvadhik mahatva diya gaya.. vah bhartiya krishi aur jivan ki dhuri ban chuki thi... gau mata parivar ki samriddhi ka paryay thi .. gau palan ek suniyojit karm tha, yadyapi gayen parivarik sanpatti hoti thi par unki dekh rekh, sanrakshan rishiyon ki dekh-rekh men samudayik tarike se hota tha.. apni gayon ki raksha men kuch bhi kar gujrne ko taiyar the... is prakar gau palan ke pravartak rishi the.. gaupalan karne vale anek vanshon ke alg-alag kuch suvidhanusar alg-alag rishiyon ki chatra chaya men rahte the, log rishi ke ashram ke pas gram bana kar gau palan, krishi aur vanijyik karya karte the.. is prakar jo log kisi rishi ke pas rah kar gau palan karte the ve usi rishi ke nam ke gotra ke pahchane jane lage.. jaise kashyap rishi ke sath rahne vala ramchandra apna parichay is prakar deta tha. ‘‘kashyap gotrotpannoham ramchandrasatvambhivadaye’’ main kashyap gotra main paida hua ramchandra apko pranam karta hun. rishiyon ki sankhya lakh-karod hone ke karan gautron ki sankhya bhi lakh-karod mani jati hai, parantu samanyatah ath rishiyon ke nam par mul ath gotra rishi mane jate hain, jinke vansh ke purushon ke nam par anya gotra banae gae. ‘‘mahabhart’’ ke shantiparva (297/17-18) men mul char gotra batae gae hain - angira, kashyap, vashishth aur bhrigu, jabki jain granthon men 7 gotron ka ullekh hai- kashyap, gautam, vatsya, kuts, kaushik, mandavya aur vashishth. inmen har ek ke alg-alag bhed batae gae hain. jaise kaushik-kaushik katyayan, darbh katyayan, valkalin, pakshin, lodhaksh, lohitayan (divyavdn- 331-12,14). vivah nishchit karte samay gotra ke sath-sath pravar ka bhi khyal rakhna jaruri hai. pravar bhi prachin rishiyon ke nam hain tathapi antar yah hai ki gotra ka sanbandh rakt se hai, jabki pravar se adhyatmik sanbandh hai. pravar ki ganna gotron ke antargat ki jane se jati se sangotra bahirvivah ki dharna pravron ke lie bhi lagu hone lagi. var-vadhu ka ek varn hote hue bhi unke bhinna-bhinn gotra aur pravar hona avashyak hai (manusmriti-3/5) . matsyapuran (4/2) men brahman ke sath sangotriya shatrupa ke vivah par ashcharya aur khed prakat kiya gaya hai. gautam dharm sutra (4/2) men bhi asman pravar vivah ka nirdesh diya gaya hai. (asman pravrairvigt) apastamb dharmasutra kahta hai- ‘sangotray duhitrev prayachchet’ (saman gotra ke purush ko kanya nahin dena chahie). gotron ka mahatva: jati ki tarah gotron ka bhi apna mahatva hai. 1. gotron se vyakti aur vansh ki pahchan hoti hai. 2. gotron se vyakti ke rishton ki pahchan hoti hai. 3. rishta tay karte samay gotron ko talne men suvidha rahti hai. 4. gotron se niktta sthapit hoti hai aur bhaichara badhta hai. 5. gotron ke itihas se vyakti gaurvanvit mahsus karta hai aur prerna leta hai. gotron ki utpatti: ek samay aur ek sthan par gotron ki utpatti nahin hui hai. hindu dharm ki sabhi jatiyon men gotra pae gae hain. ye kisi n kisi ganv, ped, janavar, nadiyon, vyakti ke nam, rishiyon ke nam, fulon ya kuldevi ke nam par banae gae hain. gotron ki utpatti kaise hui is sanbandh men dharmik granthon evan samajshastriyon ke adhyayan ka sahara lena padega. dharmik adhar: mahabharat ke shantiparva (296-17, 18) men varnan hai ki mul char gotra the- angrish, kashyap, vashishth tatha bhrigu. bad men ath ho gae jab jamadagni, atri, vishvamitra tatha agastya ke nam jud gae. gotron ki pramukhta us kal men badhi jab jati vyavastha kathor ho gai aur logon ko yah vishvas ho gaya ki sabhi rishi brahman the. atah sabhi svarn jatiyon ke gotron ke nam purohiton tatha brahmanon ke gotron ke nam se prachlit hue. shudron ko chodakar anya sabhi jatiyon jinko yagya men bhag lene ka adhikar tha unke gotra bhi brahmanon ke hi gotra hote the. gotron ki samanta ka yahi mukhya karan hai. shudra jis brahman aur kshatriya parivar ka paranpragat anantakal tak seva karte rahe unhonne bhi unhin brahmanon aur kshatriyon ke gotra apna lie. isi karan vibhinn arya aur anarya jatiyon tatha varnon ke gotron men samanta pai jati hai. bhati, panvar, parihar, solanki, sisodiya tatha chaihan rajputon, maliyon, sargron tatha meghvalon adi kai jatiyon men milna samanya bat hai. saransh men purohiton tatha kshatriyon ke parivaron ki jin jatiyon ne pidhi seva ki unke gotra bhi purohiton aur kshatriyon ke saman ho gae. rajghranon ke rasoi ka karya karne vale shudra tatha kapde dhone ka karya karne vale dhobiyon ke gotra isi vajah se rajputon se milte hain. lanbe samay tak ek sath rahne se bhi jatiyon ke gotron men samanta ai. samajshastriya adhar: samajshastriyon ne sabhi jatiyon ke gotron ki utpatti ke nimn adhar batae hain- 1. parivar ke mul nivas sthan ke nam se gotron ka namakaran hua. 2. kabila ke mukhiya ke nam se gotra bane. 3. parivar ke isht dev ya devi ke nam se gotra prachlit hue. 4. kabilon ke mahatvapurn vriksh ya pashu-pakshiyon ke nam se gotra bane. samajshastriyon dvara uprokt batae gae gotron ki utpatti ke adhar bahut hi mahatvapurn hain. sabhi jatiyon ke gotron ki utpatti uprokt adharon par hi hui hai.