divya anushthan - dan vrat  

divya anushthan - dan vrat pan. brajkishor sharma brajvasi 'dan' ka shabdarth hai 'dena' aur bhavarth hai paropkar athva kalyan ke uddeshya se arthik athva shram sanbandhi sahayta karna. dan ki mahima ko simabaddh nahin kiya ja sakta aur n hi dan ke karan prapt hone vale punya-pratap ki sahi-sahi vyakhya hi ki ja sakti hai. dan se prapt hone vale punya se devtaon ke sinhasan ka astitva bhi prakampit ho jata hai. tabhi to jab koi mahan danvir dan karne ki udarta ke karan asim punya-pratap se sanyukt hone lagta hai, to dan ke prati uski satyanishtha, astha ki asimitta v parakashtha ka prakash karne hetu ishvar ko bhi avtar lekar prithvi par ana para hai. raja bali, satyavrati raja harishchandra, danvir karnadi ki dan-paranpra ke yashogan se hamare shastra aj bhi alokit hain. sanatan dharm men dharm ke ath prakar hain- yagya karna (karana), adhyayan (adhyapn), dan, tap, satya, dhriti (dhairya), kshama aur alobh. ismen dan dena (danavrat) ek vishisht dharm kaha gaya hai aur lakh kam chorakar dan-dena chahie.

islie kaha gaya hai- shatan vihay bhoktavyan, sahastran snanmachret. lakshan vihay datavyan, kotin tyaktva shivan bhajet॥ lakh kam chorakar dan karne par jor diya gaya hai kyonki dan se yash aur kirti ki prapti hoti hai. atah dan dekar yashasvi banne ka prayatn karna chahie. dane tapsi shaurye ch yasya n prathitan yashah. vidyayamarth labhe ch maturuchchar ev sah. marnoprant bhi dan mitra ka karya karta hai, dan se arjit punya mrityu ke bad bhi sath rahta hai. yaksh ne dharmaraj yudhishthar se prashn kiya tha ki 'kisvinmitran marishyatah' arthat mrityu ke nikat pahunche hue purush ka mitra kaun hai? is par maharaj yudhishthir ne kaha- 'danan mitran marishyatah' arthat marne vale manushya ka mitra dan hai. atah shastra kahta hai ki ''sau hathon se kamao aur hajar hathon se dan karo''. dan vrat bhartiya sanskriti hi kya varan sampurn sanskritiyon ka ek vilakshan sarvadeshik v sarvabhaumik vrat hai. yah nitya v pratikshan vrat hai. yah desh-kal-patra ki simaon ke bandhan men rahakar kiya jane vala v desh-kal-patra ki simaon ke bandhan se rahit vrat hai.

is vrat ka palan jivan men, jiv jagat men utpann pratyek manushya matra ko karna shreyaskar hai. 'dan' dharm ki dhuri ya kartavyapalan ka prathmik ang hai kyonki vishva men prachlit sabhi sanpradayon, panthon tatha margon ke sabhi pir-paiganbron, rishi-muniyon tatha dharmopdeshkon ne dan ko pramukh sthan diya hai. safal jivan jine ke lie dan ki anivaryata hai. safal jivan kya hai? safal jivan usi ka hai, jo manushya jivan prapt kar apna kalyan kar le. bhautik drishti se to jivan men sansarik sukh aur samriddhi ki prapti ko hi ham apna kalyan mante hain, parantu vastavik kalyan hai- sada sarvada ke lie janma-maran ke bandhan se mukt hona arthat bhagavat prapti. atah is sadhan ki prapti ke lie rajarshi manu ne charon yugon ke char sadhan batae hain- tapah paran krityuge tretayan gyanmuchyate. dvapre yagyamevahurdanmekan kalauyuge॥ satyug men tap, treta men gyan, dvapar men yagya aur kaliyug men ek matra dan manav ke kalyan ka sadhan hai. gosvami tulsidas ji ne likha hai- pragat chari yah dharm ke kalimhun ek pradhan.

jen ken vidhi dinhen dan karai kalyan॥ gosvamiji ka yah vachan taittiriyo- panishad ke nimn prasiddh vachnon par hi adharit hai- 'shraddhaya deyam. ashraddhayadeyam'. shriya deyam. hriya deyam. bhiya deyam. sanvida deyam.' arthat dan shraddhapurvak karna chahie, bina shraddha ke bhi karna chahie. lekin bina shraddha ke karna uchit nahin (shraddhaya deyam. ashraddhaya adeyam), apni samarthya ke anusar udarta purvak dena chahie (shriya deyam), vinamrata purvak dena chahie (hriya deyam). dan nahin karenge to parlok men nahin milega- is bhay se dena chahie athva bhagvan ne mujhe dene yogya banaya hai, par dusron ko n dene par bhagvan ko kya munh dikhaunga- is bhay se dena chahie (bhiya deyam), pramad se, bhay se ya upekshapurvak n dekar gyan purvak, vidhipurvak, adrpurvak evan udarta purvak niahsvarth bhav se dena chahie. (sanvida deyam) chahe jaise bhi ho, kintu dena chahie. manav jati ke lie dan parmavashyak hai. dan ke bina manav ki unnati avruddh ho jati hai. is prasang men brihdaranyakopnishad ki ek katha hai- ek bar devta, manushya aur asur tinon ki unnati avruddh ho gayi.

atah ve sab pitamah prajapti brahmaji ke pas gaye aur apna duahkh dur karne ke lie unse prarthana karne lage. prajapti brahma ne tinon ko matra ek akshar ka updesh diya- 'da'. svarg men bhogon ke bahulya se bhog hi devlok ka sukh mana gaya hai, atah devagan kabhi vriddh n hokar sada indriya- bhog bhogne men lage rahte hain, unki is avastha par vicharakar prajapti ne devtaon ko 'da' ke dvara damn- indriya daman ka updesh diya. brahma ke is updesh se devagan apne ko kritkritya manakar unhen pranamakar vahan se chale gaye. asur svabhav se hi hinsavritti vale hote hain, krodh aur hinsa inka nitya ka vyapar hai, ataev prajapita ne unhen is dushkarm se churane ke lie- 'da' ke dvara jiv matra par daya karne ka updesh diya. asur gan brahma ki is agya ko shirodharyakar vahan se chale gaye. manushya karmayogi hone ke karan sada lobhavash karm karne aur dhanoparjan men hi lage rahte hain. islie prajapti ne lobhi manushyon ko 'da' ke dvara unke kalyan ke lie dan karne ka updesh diya.

manushyagan bhi prajapti ki agya ko svikar kar safal manorath hokar unhen pranamakar vahan se chale gaye. atah manav ko apne abhyuday ke lie dan avashya dena chahie. 'vibhvo danashakti mahtan tapsan falam' vibhav aur dan dene ki samarthya arthat mansik udarta- ye donon mahan tap ke hi fal hain. vibhav hona to samanya bat hai. yah to kahin bhi ho sakta hai, par us vibhav ko dusron ke lie dena- yah manki udarta par hi nirbhar karta hai, yah dan-shakti to janma-janmantar ke punya se hi prapt hoti hai. maharaj yudhishthar ke samay ki ek ghatna hai- uddalak nam ke ek rishi the. aksmat unke pita ka dehant ho gaya. muni ne apne pita ki antyeshti chandan ki lakri ki chitapar karne ka vichar kiya, par chandan ki lakri unke pas to thi nahin, ve dharmaraj yudhishthar ke pas pahunche aur unse chandan ki lakri ki yachna ki. dharmaraj ke pas chandn-kashth ki to kami nahin thi, parantu anavarat varsha hone ke karan sanpurn kashth bhig chuka tha. gili lakri se dah-sanskar nahin ho sakta tha, atah unhen vahan se nirash lautna para.

iske anantar ve isi karya ke nimitt raja karn ke pas pahunche. raja karn ke pas bhi thik vahi paristhiti thi, anavarat varsha ke karan sanpurn kashth gile ho chuke the, parantu muni ko pitridah ke lie chandan ki sukhi lakri ki avashyakta thi. karn ne tatkal yah nirnay liya ki unka rajsinhasan chandan ki lakri se bana hua hai, jo ekadam sukha hai, atah unhonne yah adesh diya ki chandan se bane mere sinhasan ko turant khol diya jay tatha isko katakar chita ke lie iski lakri muni uddalak ko de di jay. is prakar un muni uddalak ke pita ka dah-sanskar chandan ki chita par sanbhav ho saka. chandan ke kashth ka sinhasan maharaj yudhishthir ke pas tha, par yah samyik gyan- mauke ki sujh aur man ki udarta is rup men unhen prapt n hui, jiske karan ve is dan se vanchit rah gaye aur yah shrey karn ko hi prapt ho saka. isilie karn danvir kahlaye. dan ke lie sthan, kal evan patra ka vichar bhi avashya hi usi prakar karna chahie jis prakar vishesh bijon ko bone ke lie kisan bhumi, ritu adi ka chayan karta hai.

shastron men sattvik, rajas, tamas dan ke lakshan batae gaye hain jinmen sattvik dan sarvashreshth dan hai. dan dharm ke char vibhag hain- nitya dan, naimittik dan, kamya dan tatha vimal dan- jismen pratyek dan ek se barhakar ek hai. vimal dan sarvashreshth shreni ka dan hai jismen kaha gaya hai ki bhagvan ki priti prapt karne ke lie nishkam bhav se, bina kisi laukik svarth ke, brahm gyani athva satpatra ko diya jane vala dan vimal dan kahlata hai. desh-kal-patra ko dhyan men rakhakar athva nityaprati kiya gaya yah dan atyadhik kalyankari hota hai. sarvashreshth dan yahi hai.

dan ke anek rup hain-

1.madhur vachnon ka dan,

2. prem ka dan,

3. ashvasan dan,

4. ajivika dan,

5. chayadan,

6. shramdan,

7. sharir ke angon ka dan,

8. samay dan,

9. kshamadan,

10. samman dan,

11. vidyadan,

12. punya dan,

13. japdan,

14. bhakti dan

15, ashish dan,

16. ashray dan,

17. bhumidan,

18. svarn dan,

19. kanyadan

20. arogya dan.

21. vastra dan

22. grihdan,

23. tuladan,

24. pindadan

25. godan adi-adi.

dan dete samay dey vastu ke devta ka dhyan bhi avashya rakhna chahie. kuch vastuon ke devtaon ka varnan is prakar kiya gaya hai- jivan anitya hone se tatkshan dan dena chahie. pratigya karke n dene se v dan ka haran kar lene se janm bhar ka jo punya sanchit kiya gaya rahta hai, vah sab nasht ho jata hai. ratri men dan karne se bachen, yah keval samanya dan ke lie niyam hai. ubhytomukhi gau ka dan karte samay samay ka vichar n karen. apman purvak dan n karen. dan dekar charcha n karen. apvitra avastha men dan n karen. dan dete samay data ka mukh purva ki or tatha dan grahan karne vale ka mukh uttar men hona chahie. isse data aur pratigrahita donon ki ayu ki vriddhi hoti hai. dan men dene vale ko apne nam tatha gotra ka uchcharan karna chahie kintu kanyadan men pita, pitamah, prapitamh- is prakar tin pirhiyon ka nam gotrochchar karna chahie. dan mahatta men bara hi marmik rahasya chipa hai.

vastav men pratyek satkarya dan hai. yadi ham kisi ko apni muskarahat se anandit karte hain to aisa karna bhi dan hai. yadi ham apne sangi-sathi ko athva kisi bhi anya vyakti ko satkarm ki prerna dete hain ya uske hit men satparamarsh dete hain to yah bhi dan hai. atah dan se barhakar koi dharm nahin hai. dan vrat ka jivan men sabhi ko palan karna chahie. dan ke dvara prani abhilshit vastuon ko prapt hota hua manav jivan ka kalyan kar leta hai.