वास्तु शास्त्र के मूलभूत शास्त्रीय सिद्धांत

vastu shastra ke mulbhut shastriya siddhant

Vinod Kumar Sharma

Views : 12548 | October 2007

vastu ke kuch mulbhut vaigyanik siddhant hain. in siddhanton ke adhar par hi koi nirman karya kiya jana chahie

- chahe vah kisi bhavan ka nirman ho, kisi prasad ka nirman ho ya fir kisi pur ka nirman ho. inke pratikul nirman karya karne par sanbhavna rahti hai. in siddhanton se sanbaddh mahatvapurn bindu is prakar hain

- vastu pad vinyas, shanku dharan, hast lakshan (bhan), ayadi sadhan (shadvarga), chand: prastar (patakadi).

vastu pad vinyas: vastu pad vinyas ko vastushastra men vastu purush mandal bhi kaha gaya hai. vartaman men avas bhavan ki prakkalpana evan prayojna vastu pad vinyas ke antargat mani jati hai. ashtang sthapatya men ise pratham sthan diya gaya hai kyonki bhavan nirman karya ke pratham charan karyanvayan iske madhyam se hi hota hai. prachin bhartiya paranpra men vastu purush ki parikalpana vaidik evan darshanik adhar par ki gai thi atah vastu purush ki parikalpana men bhartiya kala ka bhartiya darshan ke sath samanvay drishtigochar hota hai. kalatmak drishti se vastupad vinyas matra ek bhavan yojna hai, kintu darshanik drishti se yah bhavan men nivas karne valon ke kalyan ka kendribhut jivan darshan hai. samanya rup se vastu pad vinyas ki prakriya men bhavan yojna banane se purva nirdharit kshetra men vastu purush ki sthapna ki jati hai.

yah sthapna mandal rup men hoti hai. is mandal ka tadatmya bhumi ke sath sthapit kiya jata hai atah vastu purush ki parikalpana sanpurn bhukhand par parikalpit ki jati hai. is parikalpana men laukik purush ke tulya ek vastu purush ko chitrit kiya jata hai. bhukhand ki charon dishaen evan charon vidishaen nirdharit karne ke uprant is vastu purush ka chitran kiya jata hai. iska sir ishan men tatha charan nairritya kon men sthapit kie jate hain. isi prakar donon hath agney evan vayavya donon konon men sthapit hote hain. yah prakalpana leti hui sthiti men ki jati hai. iske sath hi sanpurn bhukhand ka vargon men vibhajan kiya jata hai. vibhajan ki yah kriya mandlikaran kahlati hai. mandlikaran se prapt hue pratyek varg ko vastu pad sangya se vyavhrit kiya jata hai. ye varg sankhya men 64, 81 athva 100 ho sakte hain.

1 pratyek varg athva vastu pad ka ek-ek adhikari devta nishchit hota hai tatha sabhi vargon ke adhikari devon ko milakar vastudevta ki parikar ke rup men kalpana ki jati hai. kis varg men kaun sa karya apekshit hai tatha kaun sa nahin iska nirdesh vastushastra karta hai. vastu yojna athva vastu purush parikalpana ke sandarbh men vastupdon ki mahatta ka ullekh karte hue dae. dvijendra nath shukla likhte hain- ‘vastu pad vinyas men vastu purush, vikalpana anivarya rachna hai, atah jab purush ki kalpana hai to purushangon ki kalpana anayas hi a jati hai, jis prakar manav sharir ke vibhinn avyvon men murdha, shirsh mukh, hrad, kati, janu pad, sira, anusira, vesh, nari adi hote hain usi prakar vastu-purush vikalpana men bhi inki udbhavna ki jati hai. atah kis avayav par kaun sa nirman vihit hai aur kis avayav par avihit. yah gyaey hai. jaise marm adi par koi nirman uchit nahin, islie vah sthan khula rakha jata hai. kaun sa bhavan ya bhag kis dev vishesh ke pad par vinyast hai iska gyan vastu pad vinyas ke vishleshan se hi prapt hota hai.

2’ shanku dharn: vastushastra men bhumi ke disha bodh ke nimitt shanku dharan ka pravdhan kiya gaya hai. ise vastu ke granthon men, aur sath hi sath shilp shastra ke granthon men bhi, paryapt mahatva diya gaya hai. shanku ki sthapna prakriya mukhyatah bhavan tatha pur nirman men apnai jati hai. iska mukhya prayojan disha ka nirdharan hai arthat shanku sthapna ki prakriya ke madhyam se bhukhand men vastupdon ki dishaon evan pradishaon ka nirnay kiya jata hai. shanku kashth nirmit ek vishesh prakar ka upakaran hota hai. iski lanbai 12, 18 athva 24 angul ho sakti hai. isi prakar niche se iski chairai 4, 5, athva 6 angul ho sakti hai.

3 iski upri shira shanku akriti ki tikshn hoti hai. is prakar yah kashth yashtika tribhujakar hoti hai. bhukhand ke kendra bindu par shanku ki sthapna ka vidhan kiya gaya hai. shanku sthapna se purva bhukhand ko mandlon men vibhakt kiya jata hai. is prakar shanku jis mandal men sthit rahta hai vah kendriya mandal kaha jata hai. us mandal ka arddh vyas shanku ki lanbai se doguna hona chahie. iske nirdharan ke lie kendra bindu tatha paridhi bindu, chihnit kie jate hain. shanku kendra bindu par is tarah sthapit honi chahie ki madhyahn ke samay uski parchai paridhi bindu ka sparsh karen. paridhi bindu se ek rekha mandal paryant khinchi jati hai. is tarah mandal do bhagon men bant jata hai. ek bhag ko prachi tatha dusre ko pratichi kahte hain. prachi ka bhag paridhi ki purva disha ka tatha pratichi ka bhag pashchim disha ka sanket karta hai. prachi evan pratichi binduon ko arddh vyas manakar anya mandlon ka nirman kiya jata hai.

4 falasvarup matsyakar rekha ka nirman hota hai. uske ek or shirsh tatha dusre or puchch ki kalpana ki jati hai. shirsh bhag uttar tatha puchch bhag dakshin disha ko dyotit karta hai. in char mukhya dishaon ka nirdharan hone ke uprant do-do dishaon ke madhya koniya bhag men pradishaon ki kalpana ki jati hai. prachi ka bhag paridhi bindu ki purva disha ka tatha pratichi ka bhag pashchim disha ka sanket karta hai. punah prachi evan pratichi binduon ko arddh vyas manakar anya mandlon ka nirman kiya jata hai. falasvarup matsyakar rekha ka nirman hota hai. uske ek or shirsh tatha dusre or puchch ki kalpana ki jati hai. shirsh bhag uttar tatha puchch bhag dakshin disha ka dyotak hota hai. is prakar char mukhya dishaon ka nirdharan hone ke uprant do do dishaon ke madhya koniya bhag men pradishaon ki kalpana ki jati hai. dishaon ke sahi nirdharan men shanku sthapna ka apna vishesh mahatva hai tatha disha gyan ke bina vinyast vastupdon men kriyaman karyon ki kriyanviti nitant avashyak hai. yahi karan hai ki vastushastra men tatha uske angbhut sthapatya athva shilp men bhi dishaon ki jankari bhavan athva pur nirman ke lie anivarya hai.

5 shanku sthapna ka vaigyanik mahatva bhi hai. prachi suryoday ki disha hone se poshak, unnayak evan udbhavak mani gai hai. atah sarvapratham shanku sthapna dvara purva disha ka gyan kar lena chahie. kyonki purva disha se hi surya kirnon ka upyog kiya ja sakta hai atah pur athva bhavan nirman men surya rashmiyan avruddh n hon. is kram men dvar prakoshth adi ka vinyas kiya ja sake iske lie shanku sthapan avashyak hai. darshanik drishti se bhi shanku sthapna ko mahatvapurn mana gaya hai. bhartiya darshan men prithvi ki satah ki prakalpana suryoday aur suryast ko adhar manakar ki gai hai. atah kshitij par jahan suryoday dikhai deta hai use prachi tatha jahan suryast dikhai deta hai use pratichi nam diya gaya hai. darshanik drishti se hi suryoday evan suryast ke madhya kendra bindu se dayin aur dakshin tatha bayin aur uttar ki kalpana ki jati hai. disha bodh vyavhar ka gyan shanku sthapna ke madhyam se islie bhi avashyak hai ki pur athva bhavan nirman kis kshetra ki kis disha men ho iska gyan ho sake. is tarah disha nirdharan ke lie shanku sthapan parmavashyak hai. hast lakshana: vastu vinyas men hast lakshan mapan prakriya ko maulik siddhant ke rup men apnaya jata hai. vastu padon men bhavan tatha prakoshthadi ka kya man ho iske lie prachin kal se hi angul evan hast ko praman mana jata raha hai.

6 mapan ke mandand ka nirdharan yadi nahin kiya jae to bhavan athva pur nirman men visangti utpann ho sakti hai, jiske karan ham apni prakkalpana ke anurup bhavan evan pur ka nirman sanbhvtah n kar saken. hamari parikalpana men vastu-pad vinyas ki jo prakkalpana nihit hai vah nitant avyakt rup men hai aur use vyakt rup men parivartit karne ke lie mapan ek atyavashyak prakriya hai. darshanik drishti se kaha ja sakta hai ki jis prakar nirakar brahm maya shakti ke abhav men sagun ishvar ka svarup nahin ho sakta usi prakar avyakt bhavan athva pur ki prakkalpana mapan prakriya ke bina vyakt rup men nahin ki ja sakti. atah jis prakar maya drishyaman jagat ki mul shakti hai usi prakar mapan prakriya bhavan athva pur ityadi ka muladhar hai. mapan prakriya athva man nirdharan ke bina kisi bhi bhavan athva pur adi ki purnata sanbhav nahin mani jati. is sandarbh men mayamatam men ullekh hai .. ‘manam dhamanastu sampurnam jagat sampurnana bhavet.

7 ’ mayamatam ke lekhak mayacharya ne ukt kathan men jahan man ke mahatva ko pratipadit kiya hai vahin vastu ki vyapkta ka bhi nirdesh kar diya hai. unke anusar man hi vastu ki paripurnata ka mul adhar hota hai chahe vah bhavan ke sanbandh men ho, chahe pur ke sanbandh men ya chahe sanpurn vishva ke sanbandh men ho. samrangan sutradhar granth ke katrta bhojraj ne praman ki mahatta batate hue likha hai ki mapan kriya ke nishchit mandandon ke pariman se vinyast kie gae mandir ityadi men sthapit kie gae devadi bhi pujniya ho jate hain. thik usi prakar se avasya bhavan athva pur adi men nivasakarta ko samanya sthiti ki drishti se man nirdharan ki avashyakta samjhni chahie. ‘pramane sthapitaah devaah pujarhashch bhavanti te..

8’ samrangan sutradhar ke ukt vakya men (nap) man ko hi samman ka karak kaha gaya hai atah samman evan unnayan ke drishtikon se kisi bhi sthapati ke lie man gyanarth hast lakshan ki jankari atyavashyak hai. shastriya drishtikon se kisi bhi kala men uski kalatmakata ka mulyankan kiya jata hai tatha kala men nihit jo ramniyata athva saundarya tattva hai vah keval shastra man se hi sanbhav batlaya gaya hai. atah kisi ne sahi kaha hai- ‘shastramanne yo ramyah s ramyo nanya evhi

9’ arthat sundar kalatmak kriti dravyon dvara tabhi sanbhav hai jab un dravyon ka upyog shastraman ko adhar banakar kiya jae. samrangan sutradhar ke katrta ne isi drishtikon ko mahattva dete hue dravya ko mey shabd ke dvara abhihit kiya hai- ‘yat ch yen bhavet dravyan meyan tadpi kathyate.

10’ arthat koi bhi bhautik dravya ho vah vastutah mey hi hota hai arthat man yogya hota hai. yahan yah tathya bhi janna parmavashyak hai ki bhautik dravyon ke upyog se nirmit anya bhautik dravya bhi mey hi hain atah bhautik drishti se dravyaman vaigyanik mahattva ka vishay ban jata hai. vastu athva sthapatya ke sandarbh men kai prakar ke manon ka ullekh milta hai. jaise bhavan man, pratima man, bhittiman, talman ityadi. in sab prakar ke manon ki keval jankari hi avashyak nahin hai apitu achche vastukar ke lie savdhanipurvak inki kriyanviti bhi avashyak batai gai hai. ayadi sadhn: ayadi sadhan ka adhar jyotish shastriya hai. ayadi sadhan ki avashyakta vastushastriya drishti se bhi mani gai hai. vastu kosh men ayadi sadhan ko bhi man ka adhar batlakar unhen shadngaman shabd se abhihit kiya gaya hai. yadyapi shilp shastra men jin shadngon ki charcha hui hai, ve ayadi shadavarg se bhinn hain.

11 ayadi shadavarg men nimn chah vishyon ka hai-

1. ay

2.vyay

3.ansh

4.riksha

5.yoni

6.kar athva tithi shilp shastra ke shang is prakar hain-

1. adhishthan

2. pad

3. stanbh

4. prastara

5. karn

6. shikhar yahan ayadi sadhan men yah ullekhniya hai ki ayadi shadavarg ka vichar jyotish ke adhar par kiya jata hai. jyotish shastra ke vidvanon ke anusar ayadi shad varg ki upadeyta lagn sadhan ki drishti se svikar ki jati hai. atah bhavan athva pur nirman ityadi mahatvapurn karyon ke praranbh hetu lagn sadhan pratham avashyak karya hai.

bhartiya jyotish paranpra ke anusar kisi bhi prakar ke karya ka aranbh lagn ki shreshthata ko dekhakar kiya jana chahie kyonki tithi ki shreshthata se nakshatra ki shreshthata ko chaiguna uttam bataya gaya hai tatha chainsath guna uttam bataya gaya hai. kriyaman karya ka bhavi pariman uttam ho is drishti se uttam lagn ka nirdharan karna chahie. lagn vinishchay ke sath hi ayadi shadavarg ka nirdharan hota hai kyonki ye ayadi shadavarg bhi bhavi uttamata ke nirnayak mane jate hain. ayadi sadhan hetu jyotishshastra ke antargat nimnalikhit ashtang ay ka ullekh hai.

1. dhvajay

2. dhumray

3. sinhay

4. shvanay

5. vrishay

6. kharay

7. kunjray

8. dhvankshay vyay ke tin ang mane gae hain-

1. pishach

2. rakshasa

3. yaksh ansh bhi tin mane gae hain-

1. indra

2. yam

3. raja riksh sangya tara athva nakshatra ki mani gai hai. samast rikshon arthat nakshatron ko ya taraon ko nau-nau ki sankhya men tin ganon men vibhajit kiya gaya hai.

1. devgn

2. rakshasagana

3. manushyagan yoni, jise vastu ka pran kaha gaya hai, ka sanbandh ay se jor diya gaya hai.

14 sankshep men ashtang ay men prachi ityadi dishaon ka nirdharan karna hi yoni sadhan ke nam se jana gaya hai. ye ath yoni bhavan athva pur ki janni mani gai hai atah kai sthanon par vastushastra men vastu purush ke bhi ath prakar batae gae hain. tithi ya var grah sanbandh se shubhashubh hone ka sanket dete hain tatha var vishesh ka tithi vishesh ke sath var vishesh ka yog bhi shubhashubh muhurt ka dyotak hota hai. mansar adi vastushastra ke granthon men ayadi ka sanbandh ganit shastra se bhi jora gaya hai atah vahan ayadi ki gannatmak paribhashaen bhi prapt hoti hain.

15 1. l g 8 - shesh = ay 12 2. chai. g 8 - shesh = ay 10 3. lan. g 8 - shesh = riksha 27 4. chai. g 3 - shesh = yoni 8 5. p. g 9 - shesh = var 9 6. p. g 8 - shesh = tithi 30 jyotish shastra ke tantra samuchchay granth men bhi vastu ke ganitiya adhar par ayadi ki paribhashaen sutra rup men pratipadit ki gai hain

16, jo nimn prakar se hain- 1. p. g 8 - shesh = ay 12 2. p. g 3 - shesh = vyay 14 3 p. g 8 - shesh = riksha 27 4. p. g 3 - shesh = yoni 8 5. p. g 8 - shesh = var 7 6. p. g 8 - shesh = tithi 30 mansagriya ayadi ganan paribhashaon men lanbai, chairai aur paridhi tinon ko mandand ke nirdharan ka adhar mana gaya hai, jabki tantra samuchchay men matra paridhi ko hi mandand ka adhar mana gaya hai.

inmen mulbhed ka karan yah hai ki mansar ki ganna paribhashaen dik samukhya par adharit hai, jabki tantra samuchchay ganan paribhashaen shanku avarak mandal par adharit hain. dik samukhya men kendra bindu se lekar pratyek disha men lanbai evan chairai ka mapan kiya ja sakta hai atah vahan ayadi ka nirdharan lanbai v chairai ko adhar banakar kiya jana sanbhav pratit hota hai. kintu shanku avarak mandliya prakriya men dik samukhya ko n apnane par matra paridhi ke adhar par hi ayadi ka nirdharan sanbhav ho pata hai. yadyapi mansar evan tantra samuchchya ke paravarti granthon men donon prakriyaon ko mishrit kar diya gaya hai.

iska karan yah hai ki bhavan ki man vyavastha men dik samukhya evan shanku avarak mandal donon ka parasparik sanbandh pratipadit kiya jata hai. shanku avarak mandal ke bina shanku ki sahi sthiti ka anuman nahin kiya ja sakta hai tatha shanku ki sahi-sahi sthiti ke abhav men dik samukhya ka nirdharan bhi sanshyaspad pratit ho sakta hai. atah shanku avarak mandal ka nirman prathmik avashyakta hai tatha taduprant dik samukhya ka nirdharan uchit hai.

ayadi shadavarg ke mahatva ke sandarbh men samranganiya ka nirdesh hai ki ayadi shadavarg ka bhavan ki man vyavastha ke sath-sath uske dik samukhya ke sath bhi uska anivarya sanbandh hai. vastu evan shilp athva prastar (pashan kala) aur pratima kalpan donon men iska prayog avashyak hai. mansar shilpashastra ke anusar lanbai athva lanbman, ay athva riksha ke dvara parikshit kiya jata hai. chairai ko vyay tatha yoni se parikshit kiya jata hai. isi prakar paridhi evan unchai ko var ya tithi se parinishthit kiya jata hai. is sanpurn prakriya ka nishkarsh yah hai ki bhavan nivesh athva pur nivesh ke sanbandh men ayadi shadavarg ke dvara jo man sunishchit hota hai vahi man adhikrit man mana ja sakta hai.

5. chand: prastar (patakadi): chand shabd samanyatah padya rachna ke lie prayukt hota hai, atah vastu ke sanbandh men kavya shastriya chandas shabd ka prayog atpta sa pratit hota hai tathapi vastu men kalatmakata ke sannivesh ke lie chand prastar ka vidhan kiya gaya hai. iska tatparya yah hai ki jis prakar kavya men kisi bhi chand ke nirman ke lie laghu evan guru ganiya adhar par nasht, uddisht, meru adi prastaron ki kalpana ki jati hai

17 thik usi prakar bhavan ki akriti men kalatmakata ke sannivesh ke lie usmen vastu padon ke prastar ki yojna ki jati hai. kavya shastriya chandah prastar ki tulna, vastushastriya chandah prastar se karte hue dae. dvijendra nath shukla likhte hain: ‘jis prakar bhasha men chandah ki yojna se prabandh ki gati evan lay se ek apurva rasasvad ka anand prapt hota hai thik usi prakar bhavan nirman men ki jane vali chand yojna use avashya hi kavya rup men parinat kar deti hai. is prakar vastu kala ek yantrik kala n rahakar manoram kala ke rup men nikhar uthti hai aur usi prakar chandon ki yojna se bhavan ka bahya rup nikhar uthta hai.

18 shukla mahoday ke ukt kathan se yah pratit hota hai ki pur athva bhavan nirman men bahya svarup ko kalatmak banane ke lie hi patakadi chand prastar ki yojna ki jati hai. is chand prastar ki sarthakata is tathya men nahin nihit hai ki kisi bhi bhavan athva pur ko dekhakar uske bare men yah pata kiya ja sake ki vah gram hai, nagar hai athva rajdhani hai ya rajabhavan hai athva mandir hai ityadi.

jab tak hameen kisi bhi bhavan athva pur ke sanbandh men koi jankari nahin mil jati tab tak ham uske upyog se vanchit rah sakte hain atah vastushastra men chand prastar ka kriyanvayan drishtigochar hota hai. yadyapi vartaman men chand prastar ki apeksha paryapt rup men dekhi jati hai, aj samanya bhavnon tatha vishisht bhavnon men kalatmakata ka antar bahut kam rah gaya hai. udaharan ke lie kisi vishvavidyalay ka bhavan audyogik bhavan ke jaisa ho sakta hai ya koi audyogik bhavan kisi vishvavidyalay ke saman dikhai de sakta hai.

atah sadhya vastu bhavan athva pur jo hamara lakshya hai aisi sthiti men lakshanahin dikhai deta hai. vastavikta yah hai ki lakshan ke bina lakshya ka purn gyan asanbhav hota hai aur lakshya ke gyan ke abhav men uski prapti nitant asanbhav hai, atah vastushastriya chand yojna ko svikar karna hai. 19 yah shastriya drishti se ya vyavharik drishti se bhi upyogi pratit hota hai. vastushastra men chah prakar ke chandon ki yojna ki gai hai- chand yojna pataka, suchi, meru, khandmeru, nasht, uddishta

pataka: prastar lanbi akriti ka bodhak hai. jis prakar pataka ka failav ek nishchit disha men kramshah kam hota jata hai usi ke anurup kisi bhi tribhujakar kshetra men is chand prastar ko apnaya jakar kisi bhi bhavan athva pur ki bahya akriti ko ramniya banaya ja sakta hai. is rachna men pataka ki bhanti shirsh chatra ki akriti se yukt hota hai tatha pashrva bhag mandlakriti ke rup men nirmit kiya jata hai. yah mandlakriti arddhavritt ke anurup kahi ja sakti hai.

suchi: prastar keval unchai ki disha men bhavan athva pur ke nivesh ko prasar pradan karta hai. kam kshetrafal vale bhu-bhag men adhik avasiya sthan ke nimitt is prastar ka mahatva bataya gaya hai. bare shahron men jahan bhu-kshetra ki kami hai vahan is prastar ko apnaya ja sakta hai. ismane pratyek bhavan stanbh ke saman anek manjilon men vinyast kiya jata hai. rajasthan men maharana kunbha dvara nirmit chittaur ka kirti stanbh iska shreshth udaharan hai.

meru: prastar ke antargat unchai kam tatha lanbai adhik hoti hai. is prastar men chairai bhi apekshakrit kam hoti hai atah aise avasiya bhu bhag men parvatakriti tulya bhavan athva pur ka nivesh kiya ja sakta hai. bharat ki prachin rajdhaniyon men rajaprasadon ka nirman isi chand prastar ki yojna ke antargat kiya jata raha hai. aitihasik evan kalatmak drishti se jaba, borobudur stup, meru prastar ka shreshth udaharan hai.

khandameru: prastar arddh parvatakriti ka suchak hai. yah prayah arddhaparvatakriti bhu-bhag men vinyast kiya jata hai. belna kriti bhu-bhag men bhi is prakar ki chand yojna ka vidhan upalabdh hota hai. nasht evan uddisht namak prastar chand n hokar chandabhas matra hai. yah chatushkoniya akriti se adhik panch athva shatkoniya akriti ke bodhak hai. panch koniya akriti men prayah nasht prastar ko tatha shatkoniya akriti men uddisht prastar ko apnaya jata hai.

1. aprajitprichcha 18/203

2. samrangan sutradhar bhavan nivesh pri. 33

3. samrangan sutradhar bhavan nivesh 21/11-12

4. vastushastra bhag prishth 182 (dvijendranath shastri)

5. samranganiya bhavan nivesh pri. 34

6. samrangan sutradhar bhavan nivesh 11/4-5

7. mayamatam

8. samrangan sutradhar bhavan nivesh 34/21

9. aprajitprichcha 32/22

10. samrangan sutradhar bhavan nivesh 32/2

11. daivagyavallabh aynirnayadhyay

12. bhartiyasthapatya (ratnlal mishra) pri. 38