brahm, daiv, manav, pitrya, saur, savan, chandra, nakshatra tatha barhaspatya-ye nau man hote hain. (109). is lok men in nau manon men se panch ke hi dvara vyavhar hota hai. kintu un nau manon ka vyavhar ke anusar prithk-prithak karya bataya jaega. ‘110’ saur man se grahon ki sab prakar ki gati (bhagnadi) janni chahie. varsha ka samay tatha stri ke prasav ka samay savan man se hi grahan kiya jata hai. ‘111’ varshon ke bhitar ka man ghati adi nakshatra man se liya jata hai. yagyaopvit, mundan, tithi evan varshesh ka nirnay tatha parva, upvas adi ka nishchay chandra man se kiya jata hai. barhaspatya man se prabhvadi sanvatsar ka svarup grahan kiya jata hai.
‘112-113’ un-un manon ke anusar barah mahinon ka unka apna-apna vibhinn varsh hota hai. brihaspati ki apni madhyam gati se prabhav adi nam vale sath sanvatsar hote hain. ‘114’ prabhav, vibhav, shukla, pramod, prajapti, angira, shrimukh, bhav, yuva, dhata, ishvar, bahudhanya, pramathi, vikram, vrish, chitrabhanu, subhanu, taran, parthiv, vyay, sarvajit, sarvadhari, virodhi, vikrit, khar, nandan, vijay, jay, manmath, durmukh, hemlanb, vilanb, vikari, sharvari, plav, shubhkrit, shobhan, krodhi vishvavsu, parabhav, plavang, kilak, saumya, saman, virodhkrit, paribhavi, pramadi, anand, rakshas, anal, pingal, kalyukt, siddharth, raudra, durmati, dundubhi, adhirodgari, raktaksh, krodhan tatha kshaya-ye sath sanvatsar janne chahie. ye sabhi apne nam ke anurup fal dene vale hain. panch varshon ka ek yug hota hai. is tarah sath sanvatsaron men barah yug hote hain. ‘115-121’ un yugon ke svami kramshah is prakar janne chahie- vishnu, brihaspati, indra, lohit, tvashta, ahirbudhnya, pitar, vishvedev, chandrama, indragni, bhag. isi prakar ek yug ke bhitar jo panch varsh hote hain,
svami kramshah agni, surya, chandrama, brahma aur shiv hain. ‘121-123’ sanvatsar ke raja, mantri tatha dhanyesh rup grahon ke balabal ka vichar karke tatha unki tatkalik sthiti ko bhi bhali-bhanti janakar sanvatsar ka fal samjhna chahie. ‘124‘ makradi chah rashiyon men chah mas tak surya ke bhog se saumyayan (uttarayn) hota hai. vah devtaon ka din aur karkadi chah rashiyon men chah mas tak surya ke bhog se dakshinayan hota hai, vah devtaon ki ratri hai. ‘125’ grih pravesh, vivah, pratishtha tatha yagyaopvit adi shubh karm magh adi uttarayan ke mason men karne chahie. ‘126’ dakshinayan men ukt karya garhit (tyajya) mana gaya hai, atyant avashyakta hone par us samay puja adi yatn karne se shubh hota hai.’
magh se do-do mason ki shishiradi chah rituen hoti hain. ‘127’ ’ ‘margashirshamapichchanti vivahe ke'pi kovidaah.’ makar se do-do rashiyon men surya bhog ke anusar kramshah shishir, vasant aur grishma-ye tin rituen uttarayan men hoti hai, aur kark se do-do rashiyon surya bhog ke anusar kramshah varsha, sharad aur hemant- ye tin rituen dakshinayan men hoti hain ‘128’ shukla paksh ki pratipda se amavasya tak chandramas hota hai. surya ki ek sankranti se dusri sankranti tak ‘saur mas’ (surya ka rashi men pravesh) hota hai, tis dinon ka ek ‘savan mas ’hota hai aur chandrama dvara sab nakshatron ke upbhag men jitne din lagte hain utne arthat 27 dinon ka ek ‘nakshatra mas’ hota hai.
‘129’ madhu, madhav, shukra, shuchi, nabhah, nabhasya, ish, urj, sahaah, sahasya, tap aur tapasya - ye chaitradi barah mason ki sangyaen hain. jis mas ki paurnamasi jis nakshatra se yukt ho, us nakshatra ke nam se hi us mas ka namakaran hota hai. (jaise- jis mas ki purnima chitra nakshatra se yukt hoti hai, us mas ka nam ‘chaitra’ hota hai aur vah paurnamasi bhi usi nam se vikhyat hoti hai, jaise- chaitra, vaishakh adi. pratyek mas ke do paksh kramshah ve paksh aur pitri paksh hain, anya vidvan unhen shukla evan krishn paksh kahte hain. ‘130-132’ ve donon paksh shubhashubh karyon men sada upyukt mane jate hain. brahma, agni, viranchi, vishnu, gauri, ganesh, yam, sarp, chandrama, kartikey, surya, indra, mahendra, vasav, nag, durga, dandadhar, shiv, vishnu, hari, ravi, kam, shankar, kaladhar, yam, chandrama (vishnu, kam aur shiv)- ye sab shukla pratipda se lekar kramshah untis, tithiyon ke svami hote hain.
amavasya namak tithi ke svami pitar mane gae hain. tithiyon ki nandadi panch sangya: pratipda adi tithiyon ki kramshah nanda, bhadra, jaya, rikta aur purna- ye panch sangyaen mani gayi hain. pandrah tithiyon inki tin avriti karke inka pratham gyan prapt karna chahie. shukla paksh men pratham avriti (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) ye tithiyan adham, dvitiya avriti ki (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) ye tithiyan madhyam aur tritiya avriti ki (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) ye tithiyan shubh hoti hain. isi prakar krishn paksh ki pratham avti ki nandadi tithiyan isht (shubh), dvitiya avriti ki madhyam aur tritiya avriti ki anishtaprad (adhm) hoti hai. donon pakshon ki 8, 12, 6, 4, 9, 14 se tithiyan paksharandhra kahi gayi hai.
inhen atyant ruksh kaha gaya hai. inmen kramshah aranbh ki 4, 14, 8, 9, 25 aur 5 ghariyan sab shubh karyon men tyag dene yogya hain. amavasya aur navmi ko chorakar anya sab visham tithiyan (3, 5, 7, 1, 13) sab karyon men prashast hain. shukla paksh ki pratipda madhyam hai parantu krishn paksh ki pratipda shubh hain. yugadi tithiyan: kartik shukla paksh ki navmi satyug ki adi tithi hai, vaishakh shukla paksh ki punyamyi tritiya tretayug praranbh tithi hai. magh ki amavasya dvapar yug ki praranbh tithi tatha bhadrapad krishn trayodshi kaliyug ki praranbh tithiyan hain. (ye sab tithiyan ati punya dene vali kahi gayi hai.) manvadi tithiyan: kartik shukla dvadshi, ashvin shukla navmi, chaitra shukla tritiya, bhadrapad shukla tritiya, paush shukla ekadshi, asharh shukla dashmi, magh shukla saptami, bhadrapad krishn ashtami, shravni amavasya, falguni purnima, asharhi purnima, kartiki purnima, jyeshth ki purnima aur chaitra ki purnima ye chaidah manvadi tithiyan hain
ye sab tithiyan manushyon ke lie pitri karm (shraddha) men atyant punya dene vali hai. 149-151 (narad puran se) vibhinn shak sanvat shri vikram sanvat 2068 shri ramanandadva 613-14 rashtriyashakah - 1933 shri buddh sanvat 2554-55 bharat svatantra sanvat 64-65 shri haridasadva vrindavne 532-33 shri vallabhabda-533-34 shri fasli bangali 1417-18 shri ramanujabd 995-96 shri krishn sanvat 5237-38 shri nimbarkabd 5107-08 shri mahavir jain sanvat 2537-38 shri ramchrnabd 292-93 shri jain rajendra guru sanvat 104-05 shrikhar taragachchashrisangh sanvat 988 shrikhalsa sikkhapanth 311-12 parsi shahanshahi 1380-81 shri kabirabd varsh 613-14 hijri muslim san 1432-33 malyalam varsh 1686-87 shri isvi san 2011-12 gol aur sayn-niryn: isi prakar gol bhi do hain, uttar gol (prithvi ka uttari dhruv) tatha dakshin gol (prithvi ka dakshini dhruv). 21 march ko surya sayan mesh rashi men ata hai
aur 22 sintabar tak sayan kanya rashi men rahta hai. is samay surya uttar gol (uttari dhruv) men hota hai aur baki ke samay men dakshin gol men sayan v nirayan jyotish siddhant ki do paddhatiyan hain. sayan paddhati men rashi chakra ko chalayman mante hain aur nirayan men sthir. sayan mat ko pashchatya log adhik mante hain aur nirayan mat ko bhartiya jyotish men adhik mahatva diya jata hai. sayan mat men saur (surya) varsh 21 march se tatha nirayan mat men 13 aprail se aranbh hota hai. is karan pashchatya saur mas 21-22 march se aranbh aur bhartiya sankranti 13-14 aprail ke as-pas mani jati hai. varshaman: saur (surya) varsh 365 din 15 ghari (ghati) 30 pal ka hota hai.
chandra varsha: 354 din, 30 ghari, 00 pal ka hota hai. tithiyan chandra ki gati se tatha dinank (tarikh) surya ki gati se 28, 29, 30 v 31 din ka ek mas (angreji) pashchatya paddhati se mana jata hai. tithiyan (pratipda se amavasya/ purnima) chandra ke 27 nakshatron men bhramnkal se hoti hai. savan varsha: 330 din, 00 ghari, 00 pal ka hota hai. nakshatra varsha: 324 din, 00 ghari, 00 pal ka hota hai. varsh praman: yon to kai prakar ke san sanvat hain (jo pahle parh chuke hain) parantu nimn hi adhik prachlit hain- shake sanvat: shalivahan (raja) ne shakon par vijay prapt ki, us samay se shak sanvat praranbh hua.
yah isvi san se 78 varsh kam hai. vikram sanvat: vikramaditya ne videshiyon ko bharat se bhagaya tha, us samay se yah sanvat praranbh hua. isvi san men 57 jorne se vikram sanvat hota hai. isvi san: isamsih ke janm samay se shuru hua. hijri san: paigambar mohammad sahab ke hijarat ke samay chala. isvi san men se 583 ghatane se hijri san nikal ata hai. fasli san: hijri san men se 10 ghataen. bangla san: fasli san se 1 varsh kam hai.