bhabhagavatpad adya shankracharya ka ghosh hai ki brahmatmaikya gyan ke hi dvara agyan ki nivritti hoti hai. ab prashn uthta hai ki us gyan ki utpatti kaise hoti hai? mahavakya men tat shabd ke dvara brahmatmaikya-vigyan ka hi paramarsh kiya gaya hai. us gyan ke sadhan ka ichcha-sahityarup hai. jis tarah se vantashan tatha mutra, purish (mal) ityadi ko prapt karne ki kisi ki ichcha nahin hoti, usi tarah se in alaukik bhogon ko prapt karne ki ichcha nahin hoti, usi tarah se in laukik bhogon ko prapt karne ki ichcha ke n hone ko ihvirag kaha jata hai.
svarg lok se lekar brahmalok paryant jo prapt hone vale ranbha, urvashi ityadi ka bhog hai, us bhog ke prati hone vale virag ko amutravirag kahte hain. chandogya shruti bhi kahti hai-tadyatheh karmajito lokah shriyate, evmevamutra punyajito lokah kshayate. arthat jis tarah se lok men karmajit lok putra-vitradi ka kshay hota hai, usi tarah se punyajit lok svargadi ka kshay ho jata hai. yah shruti bhi laukik evan parlaukik vishyon ki anityata evan kshayishnuta ka pratipadan karke un vishyon men vairagya ko utpann karti hai. atmanatmavivek ka tritiya sadhan shamadishtsampatti hai.
sham, dam, uprti, titiksha, samadhan evan shraddha-in chahon ka samudit nam shamadishtsampatti hai. mul men shamadishtsampatti ki ganna men pahle sham ka nam ginaya gaya hai aur uske pashchat dam ka nam ginaya gaya hai, kintu pahle dam nam ginaya jana chahie aur uske pashchat sham ka nam, kyonki sham abhyantarendriya ke nirodh ko kahte hain aur dam bahm indriyon ke nirodh ko kaha jata hai. bahya indriyon ke hi madhyam se abhyantarendriya nikal kar bahya vishyon ke grahan men pravritt hoti hain.
ataev bahya indriyon ka nirodh hue bina abhyantarendriya ka nirodh nahin ho sakta hai. uparyukt shamadi ke chah sadhnon men sham ko lakshit karte hue acharya shankar kahte hain, shamonam ityadi. nirupan karte hue bhagvan shankracharya kahte hain ki vichar ke dvara hi brahmatmaikya gyan ki prapti hoti hai. vedanton ke anek vakya hain, jo brahm tatha jiv ke abhed ka pratipadan karte hain. ‘jivobrahmaivnaprah’, ‘ekan sadvipra bahudha vadanti’ yah shruti batlati hai ki sat svarup brahm ek hai, kintu vedagya purush usko anek prakar ka batlate hain. ‘aymatma brahma’ shruti batlati hai ki yah atma brahm hai. ‘ahan brahmasmi’ shruti batlati hai ki brahmagyani purush is bat ka aproksh karta hai ki main brahm hun arthat mujh men tatha brahm men koi bhed nahin hai.
‘ekmeva dvitiyam’ shruti batlati hai ki sat shabd vachyabrahm ek tatha advitiya hai. ‘tatvamsi’ shruti batlati hai ki ‘tvam’ pad vachya jivatma tatha tat pad vachya brahm men abhed hai. ye sabhi vakya jivatma tatha brahm men abhed ka pratipadan karte hain. kintu atma ka svarup kya hai? anatmaon ka svarup kya hai? is vichar ke dvara bhi brahmatmaikya gyan hota hai. yahan par yah bhi vichar utpann hota hai ki is prakar ke atma tatha anatma ke vichar ka adhikari kaun hai? to is shanka ka samadhan karte hue bhagvan shankracharya kahte hain ki sadhnchtushtay sanpann pramata hi adhikari hai.
advait siddhant men svikar kiya jata hai ki char sadhnon se abhyantarendriya man ke nirodh ko sham kahte hain. atma ke shravan, manan tatha nididhyasan se bhinn vishyon men man ki pravritti ko rokna hi sham hai, athva shravnadi men man ki sthiti ko sham kahte hain. shruti bhi kahti hai atmava'redrashtavyah shrotavyo mantavyo nididhyasitavyah.’ arthat atma ka shravan, manan tatha nididhyasan karna chahie. yah shruti mumukshu purush ke lie atma ke shravan, manan evan nididhyasan ka vidhan karti hai. in tinon vihit karmon ke svarup ka nirnay karne ke lie acharya sarva pratham shravnan ka svarup batlate hue kahte hain
shravan nam ityadi. advitiya brahm men tatparya ko nirdharit karne ko shravan kaha jata hai jiska shravan kar lene par ashrut vastu bhi shrut ho jati hai. manan nahin ki gai vastu bhi manan ki gai ho jati hai tatha agyat vastu bhi gyat ho jati hai. yah shruti ek vigyan se sabhi vigyan ko batlakar us advitiya vastu ke gyan ki prashansa karti hai. ‘satyan gyanamanantan brahma’ brahm hi satya hai, usse bhinn vastuon ke usi men adhyast hone se us brahmatatva ke gyan se hi svetar samast vastuon ka mithyatven gyan ho hi jaega.
udahrnarth chandogyopnishad ke shashth adhyay men kaha gaya hai ki ‘yatha somyaiken mritpinden sarva mrinmayan vigyatan syat, vacharammanan vikaro namghron mritiketyev satyam’. arthat, he saumya jis tarah se mritpind ka gyan ho jane se mitti ke bane sanpurn ghat-sharavadi ka gyan ho jata hai, usi tarah se moksh prapt karne ki ichcha vale-mumukshukar us advitiya vastu ki satyata ka gyan ho jane par uske karya bhut tatha usi men adhyast sanpurn jagat ka gyan ho jata hai. jitne bhi karya tatha namdhey hain ve vagalanban matra hain, keval mrittika hi satya hai. isi tarah sanpurn jagat ka karnbhut brahm hi satya hai, tadavyatiriktasanpurn vastuen usi men adhyast hone ke karan mithya hain.
antaev mumukshu ‘satyangyanamanantan brahma’ men hi pratishthit hota hai. sanpann hi pramata atma tatha anatma ke vichar ke lie yogya adhikari hota hai. ve sadhan nityanityavastuvivek, ihamutravirag, shamadisht sampatti tatha mumukshutva hai. brahm hi satya hai, brahm se bhinn sabhi vastuen mithya hain. sadhan chatushtay nirupanam men bhagvan shri adyashankracharya ka vedant ghosh smartavya hai sadhan chatushtayan nam-
1. nityanityavastuvivekah,
2. ihamutraflbhogviragah,
3. shamadishtasampattiah,
4. mumukshutvacheti.
nityanityavastu viveko nam-brahm satyan jaganmithyeveti nishchayah. is prakar se vedant vakyon ke vichar dvara kie jane vale nishchay ko nityanityavastuvivek kaha jata hai. kahne ka abhipray yah hai ki kisi kal ki sima men n rahakar sanpurn kalon men rahne vali vastu ko nitya kahte hain. jo aisi vastu nahin hoti hai use anitya vastu kahte hain. yah vastu nitya aur yah vastu anitya hai, is prakar se hone vale bhedpurvak gyan ko nityanitya vastuon ka vivek kaha jata hai. ‘satyan gyanamanantan brahma’ arthat brahm satya arthat alikapratyanik tadmritam’ arthat, jo bhuma hai vahi amrit arthat brahm hai.
ityadi vakya brahm ki satyata tatha nityata ka pratipadan karte hain. ‘neh nanasti kichchana’ yah dhurati atmabhinn sabhi padarthon ka nishedh karti hui uske anityatva evan mithyatva ka pratipadan karti hai. yahan par yah anuman bhi kiya jata hai ki achetan varg anitya hain kyonki ve anek tatha vibhakt hain, ghat-pat adi ke saman. dusra anuman is tarah se kiya jata hai ki brahm hi nitya hai kyonki vah nitya tatha ek hai. atmanatmavivek ka dusra sadhan ihamutravirag hai.
arthat is lok men dehdharan vyatiriktajo srak, chandan vanita ityadi vishay hai, anek bhogon ke vishay men hone vale virag ko ihvirag kaha jata hai. yah virag adya shankracharyakrit shivbhujangam stotra karunavrunatmay bhagvan shri adyashankracharya ne jahan satyan gyanamanant brahm ka pratipadan karke pranimatra ko uske nitya shuddh kuch mukt svarup ka bodh karaya vahin laukik vyavhar ki purnata ke lie anek siddhiprad stotron ki rachna bhi ki. unhin men se yah ek shivbhujang namak stotra apne pathkon ke lie is ank men diya ja raha hai jiska nitya pratah shraddhapurvak path karne se suputra, ayu arogya evan aishvarya ki prapti hoti hai.
galaddanagandan miladbhrigashandan chalachcharushundan jagatranshaundam. kanaddantakandan vipadbhangachandan shivaprempindan bhaje vakratundam.. 1 ..
tattvamarthan chidakarmekan turiyan tvameyam. haribrahmamrigyan parabrahmarupan manovagtitan mahahshaivmide.. 2..
svashaktyadishaktyantasinhasanasthan manoharisarvagaratnorubhusham. jatahindugangasthishamyakmaulin parashaktimitran numah panchavakram.. 3..
shiveshanatatpurushaghorvama dibhiah panchbhirhrinmukhaiah shadbhirgai:. anaupamya shattrinshtan tatva vidyamtitan paran tvan kathan vetti ko va.. 4..
pravalapravahaprabhashonamardhan gurutvanmanishrimhah shyamamardham. gunasyutmetadvapuah shaivamantah smarami smarapattisanpattihetoah.. 5 ..
svasevasmayatdevasurendra- namanmaulimandarmalabhishaktam. namasyami shambho padambhoruhan te bhavambhodhipotan bhavanivibhavyam.. 6 ..
jagannath mannath gaurisnath prapannanukampinvipannartiharin. mahahstommurte samastaikavandho namaste namaste punaste namo'stu.. 7 ..
virupaksh vishvesh vishvadidev trayimul shambho shiv trayambak tvam. prasid smar trahi pashyavmuktyai kshaman prapnuhi trayaksh man raksh modat.. 8 ..
mahadev devesh devbadidev smarare purare yamare hareti. bruvanah smarishyami bhaktya bhavantan tato me dayashil dev prasid.. 9 ..
tvadanyah sharanyah prapannasya neti prasid smarannev hanyastu dainyam. n chette bhavedbhaktavatsalyahanistato me dayalo sada sannidhehi.. 10 ..
ayan dankalastvahan danpatran bhavanev data tvadanyan n yache. bhavadbhaktimev sthiran dehi mahyan kripashil shambho kritartho'smi tasmat.. 11 ..
pashun vetsi chenman tamevadhirudhah kalankiti va mudhrni dhatse tamev. dvijihvah panah so'pi te kanthabhusha tvadangikritaah sharva sarve'pi dhanyaah .. 12..
n shaknomi kartun paradrohleshan kathan priyase tvan n jane girish. tathahi prasanno'si kasyapi kantasutadrohino va pitridrohino va .. 13 ..
stutin dhyanamarchan yathavadvidhatun bhajannapyajananmaheshavalambe. trasantan sutan tratumagre mrikandoryamaprannirvapnan tvatpadabjam.. 14 ..
shirodrishtihridrogshulaprameh jvararshojrayakshmahikkavishartan. tvamadyo bhishagbheshjan bhasm shambho tvamullaghyasmanvapurlaghvay.. 15 ..
daridro'smyabhadro'smi bhagno'smi duye vishanno'smi sanno'smi khinno'smi chaham. bhavanpraninamantaratmasi shambho mamadhin n vetsi prabho raksha man tvam.. 16 ..
tvadakshnoah katakshah patettrayaksh yatra kshanan kshma ch lakshmiah svayan tan vrinite. kiritasfurachchamarachchatramalaklarchirgajakshaumbhushavisheshaiah.. 17 ..
bhavanyai bhavagapi matre ch pitre mridanyai mridayapyaghaghnyai makhaghne. trashivangai shivangay kurmah shivayai shivayambikayai namastryambakay.. 18 ..
bhavadgaurvan mallaghutvan viditva prabho raksh karunyadrishtyanugan mam. shivatmanubhavastutavakshamo'han svashaktya kritan me'pradhan kshamasva.. 19 ..
yadakarnarandhran vrajetkalvahadvishatkandaghantaghnatkarnadah. vrishadhishmaruhya devaupvahyan tada vats ma bhiriti prinay tvam.. 20 ..
yada darunabhashna bhishna me bhavishyantyupante kritantaray dutaah. tada manmanastvatpadambhoruhasthan kathan nishchalan syannamaste'stu shambho.. 21 ..
yada durnivaravyatho'han shayano luthanniah shvasanniah sritavyaktavaniah . tada jahnukanyajlalankritan te jatamandalan manmanomandiran syat.. 22..
yada putramitradyo matsakashe rudantyasya ha kidrishiyan dasheti. tada devdevesh gaurish shambho namaste shivayetyajasran vravani .. 23 ..
yada pashyatan mamsau vetti nasma nayan shvas eveti vacho bhaveyuah . tada bhutibhushan bhujangavanaddhan purare bhavantan sfutan bhavyeyam.. 24 ..
yada yatnadehsandohvahi bhavedatmadehe n moho mahanme. tada kashshitanshusankashmish smarare vapuste namaste smarani .. 25 ..
yadaparamachchayamasthanamadbhirjanairva vihinan gamishyami margam. tada tun nirundhankritantasya margan mahadev mahyen manogyan prayachch .. 26 ..
yada raurvadi smarannev bhitya vrajamyatra mohan mahadev ghoram. tada mamho nath kastaryishyatyanathan paradhinamardhendumaule.. 27 ..
yada shavetapatraytalanghyashakteah kritantadbhayan bhaktavatsalyabhavat. tada pahi man parvativallabhanyan n pashyami patarmetadrishan me. 28..
idanimidanin mritirme bhavitrityaho santatan chintaya pidito'smi. kathan nam ma bhunmritau bhitiresha namaste gatinan gate nilakanth .. 29 ..
amaryadmevahmabalvriddhan harantan kritantan samikshyasmi bhitah . mritau tavkanghayabjadivyaprasadadbhavanipte nirbhayo'han bhavani.. 30 ..
jarajanmagarbhadhivasadiduahkhanyasahyani jahyan jagannath dev. bhavantan vina me gatirnaiv shambho dayalo n jagarti kin va daya te. 31..
shivayeti shabdo namah purva esh smaranmuktikrinmrityuha tattvavachi. maheshan ma ganmanasto vachastah sada mahyametatpradanan prayachch.. 32 ..
tvamapyamb man pashya shitanshumaulipriye bheshjan tvan bhavavyadhishantau. bahukleshbhajan padambhojpote bhavabdhau nimagnan nayasvadya param .. 33..
anudyallalatakshivahniprarohairvamasfurachcharuvamorusho bhaiah . anangabhramadbhogibhushavisheshairachandrardhachudairlan daivtairnah .. 34 ..
akantheklankadnangebhujangadpanaukpaladfalenlakshat. amaulaushshankadvamekalatradhan devamanyan n manye n manye.. 35 ..
mahadev shambho girish trishulinstvayidan samastan vibhatiti yasmat. shivadanyatha daivtan nabhijane shivo'han shivo'han shivo'han shivo'ham.. 36..
yato'jaytedan prapanch vichitran sthitin yati yasminyadekantamante. s karmadihinah svayan jyotiratma shivo'han shivo'han shivo'han shivo'ham.. 37 ..
kirite nishesho lalate hutasho bhuje bhogirajo gale kalima ch . tanau kamini yasya tattulyadevan n jane n jane n jane n jane .. 38 ..
anen stavenadradambikeshan paran bhaktimasadya yan ye namanti. mritau nirbhayaste janastan bhajante hridambhojamadhye sadasinmisham.. 39 ..
bhujangapriyakalp shambho mayaivan bhujangaprayoten vritten klriptam. narah stotrametatpathitvorubhaktya suputrayurarogyamaishvaryameti .. 40 ..