mantra ki jitni vishad evan sa. rthak vyakhya bhartiya tattvagya rishiyon ne ki hai utni anyatra kahin nahin milti, halanki jain, bauddh, sikh, islam, isai, parsi evan yahudi adi sabhi dharmon men mantra ki mahatta nirvivad rup se vidyaman aur manya hai.
aj ka vigyan bhi iski mahatta evan upyogita ko svikar karta hai. sadhna aur adhyatm ka gurh rahasya mantra men nihit hai. vah atmadarshan ya brahmagyan ke sath-sath laukik evan lokottar kamnaon ki siddhi ka samarth sadhan hai. vah aisi gurh vidya hai, jo sadhkon ko ek hath se bhog aur dusre hath se moksh dene men saksham hai.
is vidya ke isi samathrya ke karan yah samagra manv-jati men vishva ke sabhi deshon men aur sabhi dharmon ke anuyayiyon men hajaron-lakhon varshon se prachlit hain. adim jati evan janjati se lekar sabhya evan sushikshit samaj tak sabhi vargon, jatiyon, dharmane. evan sanpradayon ke logon ki ismen astha aur vishvas iski vishvasniyata ka sabse bara sakshya hai.
mantra ki paribhasha mantra-tantra ko janne, pahchanne evan hridyangam karne ke lie hamare rishiyon evan acharyon ne ise paribhashit kiya hai. sabhi dharmon, sabhi sanpradayon, unke sansthapkon, rishiyon, acharyon evan sadguruon ne apne-apne anusar mantra ki paribhashaen di hain.
yahan ham keval tantragam evan mantrashastra men pratipadit mantra ki pramukh paribhashaon ki charcha karenge; jinse mantra-tatva ko samjhne men asani hogi.
‘‘mannat trayte yasmattasmanmantra udahritah’’, arthat jiske manan, chintan evan dhyan dvara sansar ke sabhi dukhon se raksha, mukti evan param anand prapt hota hai, vahi mantra hai.
‘‘manyate gyayte atmadi yen’’ arthat jisse atma aur parmatma ka gyan (sakshatkar) ho, vahi mantra hai.
‘‘manyate vicharyate atmadesho yen’’ arthat jiske dvara atma ke adesh (antratma ki avaj) par vichar kiya jae, vahi mantra hai.
‘‘manyate satkriyante parmpde sthitaahdevtaah’’ arthat jiske dvara paramapad men sthit devta ka satkar (pujana/havan adi) kiya jae-vahi mantra hai.
‘‘mannan vishvavigyanan tranan sansarabandhanat.
yatah karoti sansiddho mantra ityuchyate tatah..’’
arthat yah jyotirmay evan sarvavyapak atmatatva ka manan hai aur yah siddh hone par rog, shok, dukh, dainya, pap, tap evan bhay adi se raksha karta hai, islie mantra kahlata hai.
‘‘mannattatvarupasya devasyamit tejsah.
trayte sarvaduahkhebhyasstasmanmantra itiritah..’’
arthat jisse divya evan tejasvi devta ke rup ka chintan aur samast dukhon se raksha mile, vahi mantra hai.
‘‘mannat trayte iti mantra’’ah arthat jiske manan, chintan evan dhyan adi se puri-puri suraksha evan suvidha mile vahi mantra hai.
‘‘prayogsmvetarthasmarkaah mantraah’’ arthat anushthan aur purashcharan ke pujan, jap evan havan adi men dravya evan devta adi ke smarak aur arth ke prakashak mantra hain.
‘‘sadhksadhnsadhyavivekah mantrah.’’ arthat sadhna men sadhak, sadhan evan sadhya ka vivek hi mantra kahlata hai.
‘‘sarve bijatmakaah varnaah mantraah gyaeya shivatmikaah‘‘ arthat sabhi bijatmak varn mantra hain aur ve shiv ka svarup hain.
‘‘mantro hi gupt vigyanah’’ arthat mantra gupt vigyan hai, usse gurh se gurh rahasya prapt kiya ja sakta hai.
is prakar mantra tatva ko samjhne aur samjhane ke lie paribhasha ke madhyam se ek nirantar prayas kiya gaya hai. yah vishay apne ap men bara hi ganbhir hai. sagar ke saman iski thah pana kathin hai. fir bhi meri ray men mantra ki ek vyapak paribhasha yah hai ki ‘‘jo shabd man ko vishyon se tar de, vahi uska mul mantra hai.’’
mantra ke bhed samanyatya mantra do prakar ke hote hain- vaidik evan tantrik. vedon men pratipadit mantra vaidik tatha tantragam men pratipadit mantra tantrik kahlate hain. tantrik mantra tin prakar ke hote hain- bijmantra, nammantra evan malamantra. bij ya bijon se yukt mantra ko bij mantra aur bij rahit mantron ko nammantra kahte hain.
kuch acharyon ke anusar bis se adhik aur kuch anya ke anusar battis se adhik aksharon vala mantra malamantra kahlata hai. shabd ki naisargik shakti ko abhivyakti dene vala sanketakshar bij kahlata hai. iski shakti aur iske rup anant hain. atah yah samast shakti, anantrup evan samast arthon ko abhivyakti deta hai.
bhinna-bhinn devtaon ke sath, bhinna-bhinn prakar ki sadhnaon men, bhinna-bhinn sadhkon ko yah bhinna-bhinn prakar ke rahasyon se parichit karata hai. yah samast ka vachak evan bodhak hone ke sath-sath svayan men paripurn hai. yah tin prakar ka hota hai- maulik, yaugik, aur kut.
kuch acharyon ne inhen ekakshar, bijakshar aur ghanakshar bhi kaha hai. jab sanketakshar apne mulrup men rahta hai, tab vah maulik bij kahlata hai, jaise yan, ran, lan, ban kshan, ene adi. jab sanketakshar vividh varnonn ke yog se banta hai, to use yaugik bij kaha jata hai, jaise- hrin, klin, inin, kshraun adi. aur yadi sanketakshar tin ya usse adhik varnon ke yog se banta hai, to use kut bij kaha jata hai.
is prakar ke bij shri vidya evan tantrik upasna men prayukt hote hain. bij mantron ki yah visheshta hai ki unmen samagra shakti vidyaman hote hue bhi vah gupt rahti hai. atah use jagaya jata hai, jise mantra chaitanya kahte hain. yah prakriya mantra shastra evan sadguru se jani ja sakti hai. nammantron men unki shakti evan rup gurh ya prachchann nahin hota hai.
is mantra ke shabd devta, uska rup evan uski shakti ko spasht abhivyakti dete hain, jaise ¬ namah shivay evan ¬ namo bhagvte vasudevay adi. in mantron ke shabd apne devta, uske rup tatha uski shakti ko svayan batla dete hain. malamantra ke daighrya ki purva maryada 20 ya 32 aksharon se adhik hai, kintu uski uttar maryada ka mantra shastra men nirdesh nahin hai.
atah malamantra kabhi-kabhi chote aur kabhi-kabhi apekshakrit lanbe hote hain. yogini hridytantra men iske svarup ko dhyan men rakhakar iske do bhed batlae gae hain- laghu aur vrihad. yogini hriday ke anusar 84 aksharon tak ke malamantra laghu mane jate hain aur inse adhik aksharon vale brihanmala mantra kahlate hain. ye kabhi-kabhi bahut lanbe bhi hote hain, jaise durga saptashati ke ‘‘savarni suryatanay...’’ se ‘‘savarni bhavitamnuah’’ tak ke 700 (sat sau) shlok ekmala hai.
mantra sadhna ke rahasyavettaon ka mat hai ki ‘amantram aksharan nasti nasti mulam anaushadham’, arthat koi akshar aisa nahin hai, jo mantra n ho aur koi bhi vanaspati aisi nahin hai, jo aushdhi n ho. kintu akshar men nihit mantra shakti aur vanaspati men nihit aushdhi ke marm ko guru ke dvara hi jana ja sakta hai. aur jab guru ki kripa se iske marm ko jan liya jata hai.
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