punsavan sanskar-(dusra sanskar) punsavan sanskar ‘bhavi santati svasth, parakrami v putra ho’- is prayojan se garbh ke sanskar ke rup men kiya jata hai. putra abhilasha n hone par bhi dharmasindhu ke anusar yah sanskar pratyek garbh ka hona chahie. samay ‘ath punsavanam. pura syandat iti mase dvitiye tritiye va’. yah paraskar grihya sutra vachan hai. garbh uchit riti se age barhe- is akanksha se yah sanskar kiya jata hai. prayah yah dharna hai ki yah sanskar santan ‘putra’ ho is ichcha se kiya jata hai. parantu yagyanushthan ki rachna isliye ki gai hai ki santan ichchanusar viryavti ho. mata ki ichcha man par avashya prabhav dalti hai. jahan tak aushdhi ka sambandh hai shri atridegupt vidyalankar likhte hain ki baragad ki konpal (ya naram darhi), sahdeva, vishvedeva ismen se kisi ek ko dudh men barik pisakar inka ras apne hath se stri ke nasaput men tin, char, panch bund dalen.
putra ki ichcha se dakshina nasaput men aur kanya ki ichcha se vam nasaput men dusre ya tisre mahine ke jis din, p ushya-p unarva s u-m rigshira-hasta-m ul aur shravnadi pulling nam vala koi nakshatra ho, us din garbhini ko upvas, pashchat achaman pranayamak kar desh-kal ka sankirtan karta hua nimnalikhit sankalp parheah- sankalpa- asyan bharyayamutpatsyamanagarbhasya baijikgarbhik-dosh parihararthan punrupatvasampattaye ch shriprmeshvaraprityarthan punsvnmhan karishye. tannirvighnasamaptaye ch ganptipujnan svasti-punyahvachnan vasordhara ayushyamantrajpan nandishraddh n ch karishye. samanya vidhi samanyapujnvidhi-prakaran men batlai riti se ganeshadi pujan karen. sankshipt hom vidhi se hom ke ant men arti se pahle nimn vishesh vidhi karenah- aushdhi prayog sanskar ke divas se purva ratri men bar vriksh ki (vataroh) jataon aur us ke shung (naye patton ke upar ki fungiyon ko ek paksh men in donon ko tatha dusre paksh ke anusar) kushaon ke agrabhag aur somlta (somlta ke abhav men brahmi aushdhi) in charon ko jal men pisakar ras nikal kar rakhen.
vah ras is samay nimn mantra parhakar pati patni ke dahine nasika randhra men pravisht karaveah- un hiranyagarbhah samavatrtatagre bhutasya jatah patirek asit. s dadhar prithivin dyamuteman kasmai devay havisha vidhem. un adbhyah sambhritah prithivyai rasachya vishvakarmanah samavatrtatagre. tasya svashta vidadhadrupmeti tanmatryasch devatvamajanamagre.. garbhabhimantran pashchat pati-patni ke udar ki or hath barhakar nimn mantra bolen:- un suparno'si garutman strivritte shiro gayatran chakshurbrihadrathantare pakshau stom atma chanda syangani yaju shi nam. sam te tanu rvamdevyan yagyayagyaiyan puchchan dhishnyaah shafaah. suparno'si gurutman divan gachch svah patah. arti adi ke pashchat punsavan karm ki angpurti ke nimitt sankalpanusar vidvan aur brahmanon ko bhojan karaven. unko dakshina adi se sammanit kar ashirvad grahan kar vida karen aur devta-visarjan karen. punsavan ke pashchat punsavan sanskar ka uddeshya ham upar bata aye hain. parantu keval sanskar karne se hi iske sampurn uddeshya ki purti sambhav nahin hai. santan ki utpatti paryant garbh evan garbhini ki samuchit raksha evan dekh-bhal ki avashyakta hai. iske lie anek shastron men niyam v dharm bataye gaye hain. unka yathochit palan karte rahne ka vrat lena aur palan karna bhi is sanskar ka uddeshya hai. vivah ke pashchat navadampatti ke sath-sath sampurn parivar ki yah akanksha hoti hai ki ghar men shighra hi naye mehman ka agaman ho arthat santan ka janm ho.
iske sath sabhi ki yah bhi prabal kamna rahti hai ki santan ke rup men putra ka hi janm hona chahie. pratham santan ke rup men parivar men putra ka janm hota hai to utsav jaisa anand prapt ho jata hai. aisa lagta hai ki mano sabhi ki manokamna purn ho gayi ho islie putra ke mahatva se bhi inkar nahin kiya ja sakta hai. parivar men putra janm ke mahatva ko prachinkal se hi svikar kiya gaya hai. putra hi vansh parampara ko age barhata hai aur vahi parivar ke dayitvon ko vahan karne men saksham hota hai. is sthiti ko vidvan manushyon ne bhi svikar kiya hai aur shastron men bhi iska ullekh prapt hota hai. iske sath-sath putra dva ara hi pita ko mukti ki prapti hoti hai. shastron men is bat ka bhi ullekh prapt hota hai ki ‘pum’ namak narak se jo raksha karta hai, use putra kaha jata hai. kuch vidvanon ko mat hai ki mrityu ke pashchat putra dvara chita ko mukhagni dene tatha antyeshti adi ke pashchat hi mritak ki atma ko mukti prapt hoti hai. aisa hone par vyakti ko narak ki prapti nahin hoti aur vah sidha svarg ko prasthan karta hai.
islie narak se bachne ke lie vyakti putra ki kamna karta hai. is bare men kaha gaya hai - punnamno narkat trayte iti putrah arthat pum namak narak se jo raksha karta hai use putra kaha jata hai. putra santan ke bare men kuch vidvanon ne iski vyakhya alag prakar se ki hai. unka manna hai ki prachin kal men hamare desh ke vibhinn rajyon ko anek prakar ke yuddhon ko jhelna para hai. yuddh ko jitne ke lie sainikon ki avashyakta rahti hai. dirghavdhi tak anek yuddh lare gaye, ismen hajaron, lakhon vyaktiyon ko apne pran ganvane pare. iske uprant bhi tab purushon ki sankhya men kabhi kami nahin hoti thi. iska karan yah mana gaya ki tab pratyek parivar men putra santan ki sankhya adhik hua karti thi jiske lie vidvan maharshi punsavan sanskar ko karan mante hain. unke anusar tab putra prapti ke lie punsavan sanskar kiya jata tha jiske prabhav se nishchit rup se putra santan ki prapti hoti thi. iske bare men smriti sangrah men kaha gaya hai- garbhad bhavechch punsute punstva rupapratipadanam arthat is garbh se putra utpann ho islie punsavan sanskar kiya jata hai. putra santan ki abhilasha sarvadhik vyakti karte hain . is abhilasha ki purti ke lie hi shastron men punsavan sanskar ka ullekh prapt hota hai. garbh jab do-tin mas ka hota hai athva stri men garbh ke chihn spasht ho jate hain tabhi punsavan sanskar ko sampann karne ka vidhan bataya gaya hai.
ashvalayn-grihyasutra men is sandarbh men prapt hue ullekh ke anusar garbhadhan ke tisre mahine men punarvasu nakshatra men upvas karte hue patni ki hatheli men thora sa dahi rakhakar usmen sem ke do bij tatha jau ka ek dana dalakar pina chahie. aise men pati puchta hai ki kya pi rahi ho ? is prashn ke uttar men patni ko pati se kahna chahie- punsavan. aisa tin bar kahna chahie. dahi pite samay patni ko ishvar se prarthana karni chahie ki garbh men jo santan hai vah svasth, parakrami aur putra hi hokar janm le. is prakar ke bhavon ke prabhav se tatha punsavan sanskar ke dvara garbh ke manspind men purush ke lakshan prakat hone lagte hain. punsavan sanskar ka hi ek anya svarup bhi hai jise anvlobhan sanskar kaha jata hai. is sanskar ke karne se garbhasth shishu ki raksha hoti hai. arthat garbhapat ke karan garbh men palne vala jiv nasht nahin hota hai. garbhadharan ke pashchat shishu ki raksha ke lie manglik pujan tatha havan adi kiye jate hain. iske pashchat jal evan aushdhiyon ki prarthana ka vidhan hai. puranon men bhi punsavan sanskar ka ullekh prapt hota hai jismen punsavan namak ek vrat vishesh ka vidhan bataya gaya hai. yah vrat ek varsh tak chalta hai. is vrat ko karne ke lie striyan apne pati se agya prapt karti hain, iske pashchat vrat ka sankalp lekar vrat prarambh karti hain. is vrat ke mahatva ke bare men bhagavat ke chathe skand men adhyay 18-19 men bataya gaya hai ki maharshi kashyap ki agya se diti ne indra ka vadh karne ki kshamata vale putra ki kamna se yah vrat kiya tha.