vaidik paranpranusar putra ka putratva tabhi sarthak hota hai, jab vah apne mata-pita ki seva kare v unke marnoprant unki mrityu tithi v mahalay (pitripaksha) men vidhivat shraddh kare. pratyek manav par janm se hi tin rin hote hain - dev, rishi v pitri.
shraddh ki mul sankalpana vaidik darshan ke karmavad v punarjanmavad par adharit hai. manu v yagyavalkya rishiyon ne dharmashastra men nitya v naimittik shraddhon ki anivaryata ko rekhankit karte hue kaha ki shraddh karne se karta pitri rin se mukt ho jata hai tatha pitar santusht rahte hain jisse shraddhakarta v uske parivar ka kalyan hota hai.
shraddh mahima men kaha gaya hai - ayuah pujan dhanan vidyan svarg moksh sukhani ch. prayachchati tatha rajyan pitrah shraddh tarpita.. jo log apne pitron ka shraddh shraddhapurvak karte hain, unke pitar santusht hokar unhen ayu, santan, dhan, svarg, rajya moksh v anya saubhagya pradan karte hain.
hamari sanskriti men mata-pita v guru ko vishesh shraddha v adar diya jata hai, unhen dev tulya mana jata hai. ”pitran pritimapanne priyante sarvadevtaah“ arthat pitron ke prasann hone par sare hi devta prasann ho jate hain. mahalay shraddh 17 dinon tak hota hai. anant chatudarshi se iska praranbh hota hai.
pratham punam ko vishnu ka shraddh hota hai, fir purnima se amavasya tak jo tithiyan hoti hain unmen pitron ke shraddh karm sanpann hote hain. is varsh 25 sitanbar 2007 se 11 aktubar 2007 (ashvin krishn paksha) tak pitri paksh hoga.
shraddhakarm paksh men pitar (purvaj) apne chahete logon (vanshj) ke dvar par suryoday se suryast tak darvaje par khare rahte hain aur apne vanshjon dvara dhan, vastradi dan karne par unhen grahan karte hain aur shubhashirvad dete hain.
brahmavaivart purananusar samathryavan hote hue bhi jo vyakti pitron ka shraddh nahin karta, uske pitar use shap de dete hain, jisse vah rogi, dukhi ya vanshhin ho jata hai. atah hamari sanskriti men shraddh ka bahut mahatva hai.
shraddh karma: shraddh prakashanusar brihaspati kahte hain -
“sanskritan vyanjnathan ch payoddhi ghritanvitam.
shraddhaya diyate yasmat shraddhan tej prakirtitam..
adar sahit pakaye hue nanavidh shuddh pakvan v dudh, dahi, ghi adi shraddhapurvak pitron ko arpit karne ka nam shraddh hai pratahkal til, kush, akshat, jau evan jal dvara tarpan karke jal diya jata hai. brahm vela, gaya v gaushala men mrityu evan kurukshetra men shraddh ye charon moksh ke karak hain.
pitrishakti ki mahima: pitron ki shakti ‘sukshma’ sharir hone ke karan vishal ban jati hai. ve shakti v siddhi ke nishchit rup ban jate hain, svasthya v garbh ke bhi nirnayak ban jate hain. ve jivan men ras, madhurya v saundarya ghol sakte hain, unke lie koi bhi karya asanbhav nahin hota.
atah apne pitri divas par shraddh v tarpan karaen - pipal, bar ya khejri (shami) vriksh ko sinchen, nadi ya talab men jal arpit karane kyonki pita ke jis shukranu ke sath jiv mata ke garbh men jata hai, usmen 84 ansh hote hain, jinmen se 28 ansh to shukradhari purush ke svayan ke bhojnadi se uparjit hote hanai aur 56 ansh purva purushon ke rahte hain.
unmen se 21 ansh uske pita ke 15 ansh pitamah ke, 10 ansh prapitamah ke, 6 ansh chaturth purush ke, 3 pancham purush ke aur ek shashth purush ke hote hain. is tarah sat pidhiye a ne tak vashn a ke sabhi purvajon ke rakt ki ekta rahti hai. atah pinddan mukhyatah tin pirhiyon tak ke pitron ko hi diya jata hai kyonki upar vale pitron ke das se kam ansh jivatma ko milte hain.
hamare bhitar pravahit rakt men hamare pitron ke ansh hain, jiske karan ham unke rini hote hain. yah rin utarne ke lie shraddh karm karna hamara dharm hai. pitron ke lie shraddha se shraddh karna hamara kartavya hai.
shraddh karna kyon jaruri hai: shraddh karne se pahle hamen yah jan lena chahie ki sharir se nikli atma ke samaksh keval do marg hote hain - prakash marg ya krishn marg. uchch shuddh karmon ke karan jo apne bhitar tej prakash le jate hain, unki atma to svarg lok, vishnulok, brahmalok ki or chal parti hai, parantu asamanya ya papakarm vale ki atma andhkar marg se som (pitri) ki or jati hai.
is yatra men unhen svayan shakti ki avashyakta hoti hai, jiski purti ham pind dan dvara karte hain. prakash rahit in jivon ke lie som tatva yukt padarthon se pind dan kiya jata hai. som tatva prapt karke nai urja se sanpann hokar aisi atmaen chandrama ki or barh jati hain.
som tatva yukt pinddan men prayukt samagri hai - yav (jau), akshat, til, shahad, jal, godugdh, dahi adi. in padarthon men som tatva ki adhikta hoti hai. chandrama par jane valon ke lie yah upyukt bhojan hota hai. chandrama par jal hai, parantu sukshm hone ke karan pitar sthul jal se pyas bujhane men ekadam asamarth rahte hain.
aisi sthiti men shraddh tarpan se upalabdh jal par unki drishti lagi rahti hai. atah shraddh karm men jal tarpan ka vishesh mahatva hai. hamara ek mah chandrama ka ek ahoratra hota hai. amavasya ko surya chandrama ke thik upar sthit hota hai, islie udhrva bhag par rah rahe pitron ke lie krishn paksh uttam rahta hai.
vastutah krishn paksh ki ashtami ko unke dinon ka uday hota hai, amavas unka madhyahn hai tatha shukla paksh ki ashtami unka din rahta hai. amavas ko kiya gaya shraddh, tarpan, pinddan unhen santushti v urja pradan karte hain. islie pratyek amavasya pitri amavasya kahlati hai.
shraddh paksh ka vaigyanik adhar: surya mesh se kanya sankranti tak uttarayan v tula se min rashi tak dakshinayan rahta hai. is dauran shit ritu ka agaman praranbh ho jata hai. kanya rashi shital rashi hai. is rashi ki shitlta ke karan chandrama par rahne vale pitron ke lie yah anukul samay hota hai.
yah samay ashvin mas hota hai, pitar apne lie bhojan v shitlta ki khoj men prithvi tak a jate hain. jinke vansh men sabhi rishtedar hote hain, ve asha lekar ate hain ki koi to hoga tarpan v pinddan dene vala. pind milne par shubhashish dekar pitar punah apne lok laut jate hain aur nahin milne par shrap de dete hain.
atah pitron ko nirash nahin lautana chahie. tithi yad n rahne par amavasya ko avashya shraddh v tarpan karna chahie. isse saubhagya men uttarottar vriddhi hoti rahti hai.
bhavishya puran ke anusar shraddh kul 12 prakar ke hote hain:
1. nitya,
2. naimittik,
3. kamya,
4. vriddhi,
5. sapindan,
6. yarvan,
7. goshthi,
8. shuddharth,
9. kamara,
10. daivik,
11. yavarth,
12. pushtyarth.
tarpan karm ka mahatva: shraddh men tarpan ka bahut mahatva hai. yah anivarya karm hai, kyonki isse pitri santusht v tript hote hain. kahte hain ki brahman bhojan se ek pitar jabki tarpan se sabhi pitar tript v santusht hote hain. brahmavaivart purananusar jis prakar varsha ka jal sip men girne se moti, kadli men girne se karpur, khet men girne se ann aur dhul men girne se kichar ban jata hai, usi prakar tarpan ke jal se sukshm vashp kan dev yoni ke pitar ko amrit, manushya yoni ke pitar ko ann, pashu yoni ke pitar ko chara v anya yoniyon ke pitron ko unke anurup bhojan v santushti prapt hoti hai.
jyotish shastranusar shukla paksh dev pujan tatha krishn paksh pitri pujan ke lie uttam mana gaya hai. amavasya tithi bhi sarva pitri amavasya ke nam se jani jati hai. havya pradanesmaran pitrishch kavya pradanai yadi pujyetha. grihasth jivan men havya ke dvara devagan tatha kavya ke dvara pitrijan ki puja karni chahie.
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