shrimad devi bhagavat adi puranon evan nana shastron men bhagvti ki upasna ke lie ‘navratron’ ke mahatva ka varnan kiya gaya hai. ek samvatsar (varsha) men char navratra hote hain jo ki chaitra, ashadh, ashvin (kvar) tatha magh ki shukla paksh ki pratipda tithi se navmi tithi paryant nau din (rat) ke hote hain.
inmen chaitra v ashvin ke navratra mukhya hain tatha ashadh v magh ke navratra ‘gupt navratra’ ke nam se jane jate hain. chaitra evan ashvin ke navratra kramshah vasantik evan shardiya navratra ke nam se prasiddh hain inmen bhi shardiya navratron ki pradhanta hai.
sampurn praniyon ke lie sharad aur basant ye donon rituen ‘yamdanshtra’ nam se kahi gai hain. ye donon rituen jagat ke praniyon ke lie rogkarak tatha mahan kashtaprad mani gai hain. in rituon men prakriti ka sanharak rup prakat hota hai aur bhagvti prakritirupa hain, atah in rituon ke agaman par sabhi ko bhagvti chandi ki upasna avashya karni chahie.
navratra niyam (vrat-pujn) arambh karne ka prashast samay navratra ke arambh men amavasya yukt pratipda varjit hai tatha dvitiyayukt pratipda shubh hai. isi prakar arambh men kalash sthapna ke samay chitra nakshatra tatha vaidhriti yog ka hona bhi hanikarak hai.
chitra men dhan ka nash tatha vaidhriti men putra ka nash hota hai, nityarchan v visarjan ye sabhi pratahkal man hi shubh hote hain, atah chitra ya vaidhriti ke adhik samay tak hone ki sthiti men navratra ka prarambha-ghatasthapan ityadi madhyahn kal (abhijit muhurt arthat dinman ke athven bhag) men karna chahie.
pratipda men hast nakshatra ho to us samay ka pujan uttam mana jata hai. navratron men kiski upasna karen ? vaise to vasantik navratron men vishnu ji ki aur shardiya navratron men shakti ki upasna ki pradhanta hai hi, kintu shakti aur shaktidhar ye donon hi tatva atyant vyapak tatha paraspar abhinn hain, atah donon navratron men vishnu ji v shakti donon ki upasna ki ja sakti hai.
shakti ki upasna men shrimad devi bhagavat, kalika puran, markandey puran, navarn mantra ka purashcharan, navachandi, shatachandi, sahastrachandi, ayutachandi tatha kotichandi yagya adi hote hain tatha shaktidhar ki upasna men shrimad bhagavat, valmiki ramayan, ramchritmanas, akhand ramnam sankirtan adi kie jate hain. navratra vrat kaun kare aur kaise kare ?
navratra ka vrat sabhi varnon (brahmana-kshatriya-vaishya-shudra) tatha sabhi ashramon (brahmacharya-grihastha- vanaprasth - sannyas) ke sabhi avastha ke saksham stri-purushon ko karna chahie. yadi kisi karanavash svayan n kar saken to pratinidhi ke dvara karaya ja sakta hai.
pati-patni, jyeshth putra, sahodar bhai athva shuddh brahman men se kisi ko bhi pratinidhi banaya ja sakta hai. navratra ki sampurn avdhi men vrat ka vidhan hai, parantu yadi kisi ki utni samathrya n ho to shastron ne vikalp bhi bataye hain -
1. pratipda se saptami paryant ‘saptaratra’ vrat
2. panchmi ko ekmukt (din men ek bar), shashthi ko naktavrat (ratri men), saptami ko ayanit (bina mange jo anishiddh mile vah ek bar), ashtami ko upvas aur navmi ko paran se ‘panchratra’ vrat
3. saptami, ashtami aur navmi ko ekmukt se ‘triratra’ vrat
4. arambh aur samapti ke do vraton se ‘yugmaratra’ vrat aur
5. arambh ya samapti ke ek vrat se ‘ekratra’ vrat
navratron men devi archana kaise karen ?
navratra ka prayog prarambh karne ke lie pavitra mitti ki vedi banakar usmen jau aur gehun milakar boyan. usapar vidhipurvak samathryanusar sona, chandi tanba athva mitti ka kalash sthapit karen.
kalash par devi ki sone, chandi, tanbe, patthar athva mitti ki murti ya fir chitrapat sthapit karen athva murti n hone ki sthiti men kalash ke prishth bhag men svastik tatha donon pashrva men trishul ankit karke durgaji ka chitrapat rakhakar pujan karen.
nityakarm samapt kar puja samagri ekatrit karke pavitra asan par purva ya uttar ki or mukh karke baithen tatha achaman, pranayam, asan shuddhi karke shanti mantron (anobhadraah adi vaidik athva yakshiah svayan sukritiyan adi pauranik) ka path karke sankalp karen. raksha dipak jala len.
sarvapratham kramshah ganesh-ambika, kalash (varun), matrika, navagrah tatha lokpalon ka pujan karen. svasti-vachan karen. tadantar pradhan devta mahakali, mahalakshmi, mahasarasvati, svarupini bhagvti durga ka pratishthapurvak dhyan ahvan, asan, padya, adhrya, achaman, snan, vastra, gandh, akshat, pushpa-patra, saubhagya dravya, dhup-dip, naivedya, ritufal, mukhvas (tambul), nirajan, pushpanjli, pradakshina, namaskar, prarthana, kshamapan adi shodash upcharon se vidhipurvak shraddhabhav se ekagrachitt hokar pujan karen. ashtang adhrya dena atyant avashyak hai.
pushshon men kamal, gudahal, kaner, champa, malti tatha bilvapatra evan falon men nariyal, anar, narangi, vijaura ityadi devi ko priya hain. lal rang devi ka priya hai.
puja tin prakar ki hoti hai - satvik, rajsi aur tamsi. inmen satvik puja sarvottam hai tatha sampradayik adi anek prakar ke puja ke vidhan hain. vaidik mantron se puja karne ka adhikar keval yagyaopvit traivarnikon (brahmana-kshatriya-vaishya) ko hi hai.
sadharntah sabhi log nam mantra athva agam mantron se puja kar sakte hain sampurn navratra pujan karne men asamarth hone ki sthiti men ashtami ke din vishesh pujan avashya karna chahie. daksh ka yagya vidhvans karne ke lie bhagvti bhadrakali ka avtar ashtami tithi ko hi hua tha, atah ashtami tithi ke din pujan ka vishesh mahatva hai.
kumari-pujan devi vraton men kumari-pujan param avashyak mana gaya hai. kumari-pujan ke bina devi puja adhuri rahti hai tatha archak ya vrati ki puja ya vrat ka pura fal tyag nahin hota hai. devi puran men to yahan tak likha hai ki navratron men kumari-pujan (bhojn) se devi ko jitni prasannata hoti hai utni prasannata jap-havn-dan se bhi nahin hoti.
atah navratra vrati ko kumari-pujan avashya karna chahie. puranon tatha tantra granthon men kumari-pujan ka kafi vistrit varnan prapt hota hai yahan tak ki kumari-pujan ek svatantra tantra hai jiske nyas-dhyan-kavch-sahastra nam adi sabhi kuch hain.
navratriya durga - pujan men pratidin samarpaniya vishesh dravya navratriya durga pujan men pratipda ke din bhagvti ko kesh sanskar ke dravya-shaimpu, sugandhit tel, anvla ityadi vishesh rup se samarpit karne chahie. isi prakar dvitiya ke din juda bandhne ke lie uttam reshmi fita adi, tritiya ko sindur v darpan, chaturthi ko madhupark aur netranjan, panchmi ko angrag v alankar tatha shashthi tithi ko vishesh pushp puja karni chahie.
saptami ko grihamadhya puja, ashtami ko upvaspurvak pujan, navmi ko mahapuja v kumari puja tatha dashmi ko nirajan v visarjan karna chahie. durgasaptashati path kaha gaya hai ki manushya se devta paryant sabhi stuti se prasann hote hain.
markandey puran men madhukaitabh, mahishasur tatha shumbha-nishumbh ityadi mahaprakrami daityon ko sena sahit vadh karke devtaon ki vipatti dur karne evan un par anugrah karne rupi mahatmya se yukt bhagvti durga ki stuti tin charitron, terah adhyayon evan sat sau shlokon men upalabdh hoti hai jo ki durga saptashati ke nam se prasiddh hain. sansar ki bhishanatam apattiyon ke nivaran tatha sarvavidh sampatti-aishvarya-sukh v shanti ke lie bhagvti ki kripa hona param avashyak hai.
bhagvti ki kripa saptashati stav ke path athva shravan ke dvara sahaj hi prapt ki ja sakti hai, aisa svayan bhagvti ka vachan hai. vaise to saptashati ka path sada-sarvada karna chahie tatha kabhi bhi kiya ja sakta hai, kintu ashtami, navmi tatha chaturdashi ki tithi bhagvti ki vishesh priya hain.
navratra men saptashati stav ke dvara bhagvti ki aradhna karne par unki vishesh kripa prapt hoti hai, saptashati ke path visham sankhya men arthat 1,3,5 adi karne chahie. granth ko sakshat devi ka vigrah manakar uska vidhipurvak pujan karna chahie.
yadi brahmanon se path karvana ho to unki sankhya bhi visham honi chahie. alg-alag kamnaon ki siddhi ke lie alg-alag sankhya ke path ke vidhan milte hain.
falsiddhi ke lie 1. upadrav shanti ke lie 3, sabhi prakar ki shanti ke lie 5, bhay ke chutne ke lie 7, yagya fal ki prapti ke lie 9, rajya ke lie 11, karya siddhi ke lie 12, vashikaran ke lie 14, sukhasampatti ke lie 15, dhanasampatti ke lie 16, shatru, rog aur rajyabhay se chutne ke lie 17, priya ki prapti ke lie 18, bure grahon ki shanti ke lie 20, bandhan se mukt hone ke lie 25.
mrityubhay, vyapak upadrav, rashtraviplav adi se raksha, asadhya vastu ki siddhi tatha lokottar labh ke lie uddeshya ki guruta ke anusar shatachandi se lekar kotichandi tak ka vidhan shastron men paya jata hai.
vibhinn tantra granthon men saptashati ke anek prakar ke samputit path ke prayog vibhinn kamnaon ki purti ke lie upalabdh hote hain jo savidhi sandhya vandan nishth, sadachar sampann, sachcharitra, pavitra, durgabhakt vaidik vidvan ke dvara sampadit karaye jane par chamatkarik faldayi hote hain.
ayogya brahmanon se karaya gaya anushthan safal nahin hota apitu viprit faldayi hota hai atah anushthan men brahmanon ka chayan bahut vicharakar karna chahie. path ke sath hi dashansh havan, tarpan, marjan tatha brahm bhojan karane se anushthan ki sangta sampann hoti hai.
anushthanakarta brahman ko dakshina se santusht karne par hi pura fal prapt hota hai. havniya dravyon men payas, trimdhu (ghrit, madhu, sharkara), draksha (munakka), rambha (kela), matulang (vijaura), ikshu (ganna), nariyal, jatifal tatha am ityadi madhur vastuen pramukh hain. vrati ke niyam vrati ko chahie ki vrat ke dinon men palang par n soyen. prithvi par shayan karen.
lakdi ke takht par soya ja sakta hai. adhik gudgude gadde ityadi ka prayog n karen. fal athva havishyal ka mitahar karen. brahmacharya ka palan karen. kshama, daya, udarta evan utsah adi divya bhavon se yukt rahen tatha krodh, lobh, moh ityadi tamsi bhavon ka parityag karen.
vratkal men satya bhashan karna chahie. apbhashan se bachna chahie. man ko sanyam men rakhna chahie tatha kisi bhi indriya ka durupyog nahin karna chahie. isht devta ka chintan karna chahie. vrat men bar-bar jal pine se, pan-gutkha khane se, din men sone se tatha stri prasang se vrat bhang ho jata hai.
shastra ki drishti se to vrat kal men chay ka bhi parityag kar dena chahie. saubhagyavti striyon ke lie vishesh shastra vachan manvadi dharmashastron evan puranon men anek sthalon par likha hai ki- saubhagyavti striyon ke lie pati seva ke atirikt n koi yagya hai,n vrat aur n hi upasna. ve pati ki seva se hi svargadi abhisht lokon men ja sakti hain.
fir bhi ve chahen to pati ki anumti se vrat adi kar sakti hain kyonki patni pati ki agyakarini hoti hai, atah uske lie pati ka vrat hi sarvottam evan kalyankari hai. skand puran men likha hai- nasti strinan prithag yagyao n vratan napyuposhanam.
bhatrtri shushrushyaivaita ishtan lokan vrajanti hi.. navratra vrat mahima navratra mahatmya varnan ke prasang men kaha gaya hai ki jinhonne purva janm men is uttam navratra vrat ka palan nahin kiya ve hi dusre janm men rogi, daridra aur santanhin hote hain. jo stri vandhya, vidhva athva dhanhin hai uske vishay men anuman kar lena chahie ki avashya hi isne purva janm men navratra ka vrat nahin kiya hai.
vanvas ke samay sita ke virah men atyant vyakul bhagvan ram ko devarshi nardji ne ravan ka vadh karne tatha sita ko punah prapt karne ke lie navratra vrat ka updesh kiya tha. bhagvan ram tatha lakshman ne kishkindha parvat par ashvin (shardiya) navratra men upvaspurvat vidhi vidhanpurvak pujan kiya.
ashtami tithi ke nishith kal- (ardharatri) men bhagvti ne sakshat prakat hokar darshan tatha vardan diya. vijydshmi ke din puja ityadi sampadit kar bhagvan ram ne ravan vijay ke lie prasthan kiya aur bhagvti ki kripa se janki tatha ayodhya ke rajya ko prapt kiya. man durge !
ap smaran karne matra se sab praniyon ka bhay har leti hanai aur svasth purushon dvara chintan karne par unhen param kalyankari buddhi pradan karti hain. duahkh, daridrata aur bhay harne vali devi ! apke siva dusra kaun hai jiska chitt sabka upkar karne ke lie sada hi dayardra bana rahta ho. aisi bhaktavatsala, parmkrunamyi, jagjnni man bhagvti ke charnon men ham pranam karte hain.