grahan ek khagoliya avastha hai jismen koi khagoliya pind jaise grah ya upagrah kisi prakash ke srot jaise surya aur dusre khagoliya pind jaise prithvi ke bich a jata hai jisse prakash ka kuch samay ke liye avrodh ho jata hai. ganna dvara gyat kiya gaya hai ki prati shatabdi ausatan 154 chandra grahan tatha 237 surya grahan hote hain. ye grahan har purnima tatha amavasya ko nahin hote. bhartiya jyotish ke mediniya siddhant anusar yadi mas ke andar 3 grahan parte hain to uske 6 mas ke bhitar bhukanp v prakritik apdaen ati hain.
khagoliya ghatnaon ka parashar, garg, badrayan v varah mihir jaise rishi hajaron varshon se adhyayan karte ae hain. vaigyanik yug men abhi bhi prakritik apdaon ki satik ganna lagana asanbhav hai. jyotishshastra men kuch aise tathyon ka ullekh hai jinke vishleshan se prakritik apdaon ke ane ki purva suchna prapt ki ja sakti hai. sal 2018 men kul panch grahan the- jiska panchvan aur antim suryagrahan 11 agast ko tha. is varsh 13 julai ko suryagrahan, 27 julai ko chandragrahan aur 11 agast ko suryagrahan hua hai. is prakar ek mah ke andar tin grahan ek ke bad ek ae. ek sath kram se ane vale grahnon ka nishchit rup se prakriti par prabhav parta hai, jise ham spasht rup se vishva men ghatit hoti ghatnaon ke madhyam se dekh sakte hain. julai-agast 2018 men vishva star par ane vali prakritik apdaen is bat ka praman hai :
bharat varsh men hone vali prakritik apdaen
duniya bhar men ane vali prakritik apdaon jismen barh aur bhuskhalan pramukh hain se hone vali mauton men se 20 pratishat bharat men hi hoti hain. varsh 2018 men barh se hone vale hadson men lagabhag 600 logon ki mrityu ho chuki hai. iske atirikt karoron ki sampatti v faslon ko nuksan pahuncha hai. aj bharat ke purvi, uttari aur dakshini rajya barh, nadiyon ke ufan, badal fatne, bhumi khiskne se imarton ke girne aur anya prakritik apdaon ke vinash se grast ho rahe hain. asam, manipur, tripura, nagalaind men sthiti aur bhi kashtakari hai, ismen lakhon log beghar ho chuke hain. keral men karib 60 hajar log rahat shiviron men hain. yahan bhayanak barh ke chalte 14 men se 11 jile buri tarah prabhavit hain.
kailiforniya ke janglon ki ag: 23 julai, 2018 se sakriya. prabhavit kshetra: pure rajya men, uttari kailiforniya men reding se dakshini kailiforniya men rivrsaid kaunti tak.
karn: uchch rikord tor tapman ko shushk vanaspati ka sath milne se uttari kailiforniya se lekar dakshini kailiforniya tak yah ag fail chuki hai. yah ag 17 sthanon par sakriya hai aur jangal ki ag ki yah sabse vinashkari udaharan bani hui hai. visheshagyaon ka kahna hai ki yah kailiforniya itihas men satvin sabse vinashkari ag hai aur yah abhi bhi barh hi rahi hai. is ag par niyantran pane men 16 rajyon ke agnishamak roktham ke prayason men shamil ho gae, jisse agnishamak karmiyon ki kul sankhya 12,000 ho gai. is apda se hone vale nuksan is prakar hainah is ag ke dayre men lagabhag 300,000 kul ekar jamin nasht ho gai. kaili fayar ne 657 gharon ko nasht kar diya hai. ismen 8 agnishaman karmachariyon ki maut ho chuki hai.
japan - barh aur madaslaid
tithi: julai 2018, kshetra prabhavit: dakshin pashchim japan karn: julai 2018 ke pahle saptah ke dauran, dakshin-pashchim japan men hone vali bhari barish vinashkari barh aur madaslaid ka karan bani. isse hone vale nuksan men bare paimane par imarton ka nasht hona, jamin ka khinskna, hajaron vyaktiyon ka visthapan, nivasiyon ka marg men fansna. ismen lagabhag do miliyan logon ko apna ghar chorna para aur suraksha karnon se piche hatna para. 70,000 se adhik apatkalin karyakarta is barh se bachav men madad kar rahe hain. apda men marne vale vyaktiyon ki sankhya lagabhag 100 se adhik pahunch gai hai.
kanbodiya - barh, julai 2018: 28 julai tak, ushnakatibandhiya tufan son tinh ke prabhav ke bad ai barh men jalvidyut bandh tut gaya aur 16,250 log prabhavit hue hain, jisse 19 log mare gae hain aur 7,300 se adhik logon ko visthapit kar diya gaya hai aur hajaron asthayi ashray men rah rahe hain. sarak, pul, skul aur krishi bhumi kshatigrast ya nasht ho gai hai, aur adhikansh prabhavit kshetra kata hua hai. is apda se niptne ke lie bare star par bhojan, svachchata aur svachchata samarthan, avas marammat kit aur manovaigyanik samarthan dene ka karya chal raha hai.
vishva men julai-agast 2018 men prakritik apdaen
chin - barh, julai 2018: julai ke pratham saptah ki shuruat men chin men ai barh ne kafi tabahi machai hai. julai mah men hone vali bhari barish se hone vale nuksan se chin abhi ubra bhi nahin tha ki ek bar fir pashchimottar chin men ai barh men 20 logon ki maut ho gai hai aur ath anya lapta hain. iske atirikt 8700 se adhik makan, krishi bhumi, sarken, rel lain aur bijli evan sanchar suvidhaen barh men kshatigrast hui hain.
bhukanp indoneshiya - julai 2018: 29 julai 2018 ko sthaniya samay par 05ah47 sthaniya samay par 6.4 tivrata ke bhukanp ne indoneshiya ke pashchim nusa tengara prant ko hila diya. is bhukanp ne uttari lanbok, purvi lanbok aur pashchim lanbok ke tin jilon ko prabhavit kiya. 29 julai ke bhukanp ko abhi vishva bhula bhi nahin tha ki indoneshiya men ek hafte men dusra bhukanp aya.
29 julai ko ane vale bhukanp men lagabhag 16 logon ki jan gai thi aur saikron gharon ko nuksan pahuncha tha, is bhukanp ki tulna men 5 agast 2018 ko ane vala bhukanp adhik khatrnak tha. 5 agast ko ane vale bhukanp ki tivrata riktar skel par 7 thi, jismen lagabhag 91 logon ki jan jane ki sanbhavna hai. is apda se prabhavit hone vale kai kshetron ki janmal ki hani ka anuman abhi nahin lag paya hai kyonki kuch prabhavit kshetron tak abhi rahat karya shuru bhi nahin ho paya hain. isse prabhavit 20,000 log asthai rup se sheltar men rah rahe hain.
uprokt apdaon ka grahan se kis prakar sanbandh hai, iske jyotishiya niyam nimnavat hain:
- jyotish siddhant ke anusar shani, guru aur mangal men se yadi do ya do se adhik grah vakri hon to grahan ya prakritik apdaen ane ki sanbhavnaen barh jati hain. karan hai ki surya, budh, shukra, rahu-ketu ke nikat hote hain evan bahya vakri grah surya ke viprit hote hain. is prakar se donon dhuriyon par grahon ki sthapna ho jati hai. jab bhi donon dhuriyon par grah hote hain to shukla paksh ki pratipda ya dvitiya men bhukanp ate hain. purnima arthat chandragrahan ke dusre ya tisre din bhukanp ane ki sanbhavnaen banti hain, jaisa ki indoneshiya men is bar hua hai. vartaman men yahan ane vala bhukanp chandragrahan se lagabhag 24 ghante ke bad arthat dusre din aya.
- grahan ke bad jab bhi bhukanp ate hain to bhumadhya rekha ke as-pas hi ate hain. indoneshiya men ane vala bhukanp bhi bhumadhya rekha ke pas hi tha. agar rahu-ketu ke madhya men chandrama hoga to bhukanp ka sanbhavit kshetra dakshin golardh hoga. iske viprit yadi ketu se rahu ke madhya chandrama hoga to bhukanp ki disha uttari golardh hogi. chandrama yadi rahu ke sath hoga to bhukanp sanbhavit kshetra bhumadhya rekha ke as-pas hi rahte hain. jab bhi shani aur mangal grahan ke samay sath ho to ati vrishti ke yog bante hain aur yadi donon grah us samay vakri bhi hon to hone vali ati vrishti vinashkari hoti hai. is bar shani aur mangal donon vakri hain karib-karib sath hain atah ati kashtakari ati vrishti ke yog ban rahe hain.
- budh vakri ya surya se kam ansh ka hota hai ya ast hota ho to bhukanp v sunami ki sanbhavna barh jati hai. surya grahan ke din surya kark rashi men 24 ansh ka gochar kar rahe hain aur budh bhi kark rashi men 21 ansh ke hain arthat surya se kam anshon ke hain. jab bhi grahan ke samay do ya do se adhik grah vakri honge bhukanp se hone vala vinash usi anupat men barh jayega. is samay mangal shani aur budh vakri hone ke karan ane vale samay men bhukanp se atyadhik vinash ki sanbhavnaen darsha rahe hain.
- sadaiv do grahan ek sath ate hain. chandra grahan ke samay yadi rahu-surya do ya tin ansh antar par hon to tin grahan ek sath ho sakte hain. jab bhi tin grahan ek sath ate hain aur us samay yadi do se adhik grah vakri hon to ane vali prakritik apdaen vikral rup men samne ati hain. ye apdaen grahan kal ke bad 6 mas tak ati rahti hain. uprokt jyotish niyam purn rup se tatkalin apdaon ki vyakhya kar ane vale samay ke lie chetavni de rahe hain.