ahar ko santon ne, purvacharyon ne, tin bhagon men vibhajit kiya hai.
1. tamsik bhojn
2. rajsik bhojn
3. satvik bhojan ‘jaisa khao ann vaisa hove man‘ ‘achcha hove man tab ban jao bhagvn‘ acharyon ke anusar satvik bhojan banane men hinsa ki sanbhavna nahin rahti.
ye bhojan udar purti hetu ihlok aur parlok sudharne ke nimitt taiyar kiya jata hai. aise bhojan se vicharon men nirmalata ati hai jo ghar, parivar v sudrirh samaj men shanti sthapit karti hai. islie acharyon ne tamsik evan rajsik ahar ko chorakar satvik ahar ko grahan karna bataya hai. tap evan vrat satvik bhoj tap dharm ki mahatta sarvopri hai. svarth siddhi men pujyapad svami ne kaha hai ki ‘‘karmakshayarth tapyat iti tap‘‘ arthat karm kshay ke liye jo tapa jata hai use tap kahte hain. ‘‘anashan nam ashn-tyagah‘‘ arthat bhojan tyag karne ka nam anashan tap hai. chetan vrittiyon ko bhojan adi ke vikalpon se mukt karne ke lie athva kshudha vednadi ke samay bhi samyaras men lin rahakar atmik bal ki vriddhi ke liye anashan tap kiya jata hai. atah anashan, tap, moksh marg men sahyogi hai.
arthat jo purush man aur indriyane ko jitta hai, nirantar svadhyay men tatpar rahta hai vah karmon ki nirjara hetu ahar tyag karta hai, uske anashan tap hota hai. yah anashan tap do prakar ka hai:
1. proshadh - din men ek bar bhojan karna
2. upvas - bhojan ka sarvatha tyag upvas do prakar ke hote hain
1. avghrit: niyat kalin anashan tap ek din men bhojan ki do vela hoti hai. char bhojan vela ke tyag ko chaturth arthat ek upvas kahte hain. jaise saptami aur navmi ko ek bar bhojan tatha ashtami ka upvas, is prakar ek upvas mane char vela bhojan ka tyag, do upvas men chah vela tyag, tin upvas men ath vela tyag hota hai. isi prakar dasham, dvadash, kankavli, ekavli muraj tatha madya viman adi ja jitne bhed hain ve sab avghrit kal anashan tap ke antargat hi hain.
2. anvghrit: sarvasan tyag tap jivan paryant ke liye bhojan ka tyag. yah sanlekhna ke samay hi kiya jata hai. brahm tap ke bhed
1. anashan - upvas karna
2. unodar - bhukh se kam khana
3. vriti parisankhyan - bhojan ko jate hue atpti pratigya lena.
4. ras parityag - chah ras ya koi ras chorna.
5. vivikt shanyasan - ekant sthan men sona.
6. kay klesh - sardi garmi adi sharirik kasht sahan karna.
antrik tap:
1. prayashchit - doshon ka dand bhugtna
2. vinay dharan karna - adar karna
3. vaiyavrit - rogi ya sadhu ki seva karna
4. svadhyay - shastra parhna, parhana, vicharna
5. vayutsarg - sharir se moh chorna
6. dhyan - tatparata se atm svabhav men lin hona vrat guru ke pas liye jate hain. yadi guru n ho to jinendra dev ke sammukh nimn sankalp parhakar vrat grahan karna chahie.
om adya bhagavanto mahapurushasya brahmane mate masanan masottam mas e...........paksh e.......titha ai.......vasar e jambudvipe bharatakshetre aryakhande......... prante..........ngre.........etat avasarpini - kalavsan - chaturdash - prabhrit - manimanit-sakl-la ek-vyavhar e shri gautamasvami-shrenik - mahamandaleshvar -samachrit-sanmargavisheshe. ..........vir nirvan-sanvatsare ashtamahapratiharya di-sha ebhit- shrimadarh tparam eshvar-pratima-sannidha ai aham ..........vratasya sankalpan karishye. asya vratasya samapti-paryantan men savadya-tyagah grihasthashram-janyaranbh -parigrahadinampi tyagah. samanyatah vraton ke nau bhed hain:- savdhi, nirvdhi, devsik, naishik yaratrikaddh, masavdhi, varshavdhi, kamya yakamna purvakaddh akamya evan uÿamarth. in uparyukt nau bhedon ke anrtagat anevale vraton men se kuch vraton ka vivechan kiya ja raha hai. is prakar in vraton ko athva anya bhi aur vraton ko purn vidhi vidhan purvak karna chahie. yahan upyukt vraton ki vidhi sankshipt likhi gai hai. atah koi bhi vrat grahan karne se purva uski purn vidhi gurumukh se samajh lena chahie. athva vrat vidhan sangrah, vardhaman puran, harivansh puran, kishan sinh kriya kosh evan vrat tithi nirnay adi granthon mane dekh lena chahie. vraton ke dinon men abhishek, pujan, arti, stotra path, svadhyay, jap evan atmachintan avashya karna chahie.
brahmacharya vrat ka palan tatha yathashakya aranbh-parigrah ka tyag, bhogopbhog ki vastuon ka praman evan ratri jagaran karna chahie. atm parinamon ko nirmal evan vishuddh rakhne ka prayas bhi ati avashyak hai. vrat purn ho jane ke bad udyapan avashya karna chahie arthat mandal vidhan ka pujan karna, shaktyanusar mandir banvana, pratishtha karana, jirnoddhar karana, shastra prakashit karana, charon prakar ka dan dena, sahadharmiyon ko bhojan karana evan garib anath vidhvaon ko bhojan, vastra tatha aushdhi adi dena chahie. udyapan ke bad nimnalikhit sankalp purvak vrat ka samapan karna chahie: om adyanam adye janbudvipe bharatakshetre shubhe.....mase....pakshe......adya.. ...tithau shri madarhatpratima-sennidyau purva yad vratan grihitan parismapti karishye-aham pramadagyan-vashat vrate jayman-doshaah shantimupyaanti. om hrin kshvin svaha. shri majjinendrachrneshu anandabhaktiah sadastu, samadhimrnan bhavtu pap vinasham bhavtu. om hrin a si a u say namah sarvashantirbhavatu svaha. yah sankalp parhakar shrifal, supari athva anya koi fal jinendra bhagvan ya guru ke samaksh charhakar namaskar karen aur nau bar namokar mantra ka jap karen. (khane evan n khane yogya padartha) jo padarth khane yogya n hon ve abhakshya hain. shrakkavar men abhakshya padarthon ko panch bhagon men vibhakt kiya hai:
1. tras vighatk: jis padarth ko khane se dvindriya, trindriya aur panchendriya tras jivon ki hinsa hoti hai ve abhakshya hanai. tras jivon men mans v khun hota hai tadnusar mans, madhu, anda, bar-pipal, gular, pakar, anjir fal, paun ghante bad makkhan, dahi bara adi padarth abhakshya hai.
2. bahusvavar ghatk: jis padarth ko khane se anant sthavar jivon ki hinsa hoti hai, jin vanaspatiyon ko surya ka prakash nahin chuta, alu, arbi, adarak, shakrkand adi ki tarah prithvi ke niche failne vali vanaspati jaise pyaj, lahsun, gajar, muli adi anant sthavar jivon ka ghar hai atah abhakshya hai.
3. madk: jin padarthon ke khane ya pine se karm vikar ya alasya barhta hai ve pramad karak abhakshya hanai jaise-sharab, afim ganja, tanbaku, charas, biri sigret adi.
4. anishta: jo padarth bhakshya hone par bhi sharir mane rogadi utpann karen, unse bachen.
5. anupsevya: jo padarth shisht manushyon ke sevan yogya n hon jaise gomutra adi. bajar ki vastuen maryada rahit hone ke karan evan anchne jal se bani hone ke karan abhakshya hain.
ark, sharbat, chamde men rakhi vastuen abhakshya hain. iske alava 22 tarah ke abhakshya padarthon ka varnan bhi milta hai-ola, dahi bara, ratri bhojan, bahubija, baingan, achar, bar, pipal, umar, katumar, pakar, kand mul, mitti, vish, abhish, shahad, makkhan, madira, chote fal, barf, jiska svad bigar gaya ho. apne sharir ki raksha tatha vanya jivon ki raksha ke liye ahar men sanyam v vivek apnana chahiye.