adi guru ne bharat ke charon dishaon men char dhamon ki sthapna ki. ye char dham nimn hain: jagannathpuri yah dham purva men sthit hai. ‘jagannath’ ka arth hai - ‘‘jagat ke svami’’ jo ki shrihri ke avtar shrikrishn bhagvan hain. yah purva disha men urisa men sthit hai. jagannath mandir ka varshik rath yatra utsav asharh shukla dvitiya vishva bhar men prasiddh hai. is dham ke mukhya devta bhagvan jagannath (shrikrishna), agraj balram v bahan subhadra tinane alg-alag rathon par savar hokar nagar ki yatra par niklte hain. yah vaishnav paranpraon v sant ramanand se jura hai. is dham/mandir ke udgam se juri ek paranpragat katha ke anusar bhagvan jagannath ki indranil ka nilmni se nirmit mul murti anjir ke ek vriksh ke niche mili thi. yah itni chakachaindh karne vali thi ki dharmaraj ne ise jamin ke niche chipana chaha. malva naresh indradyumn ko svapn men yahi murti dikhai di thi. usne bari tapasya ki aur tab bhagvan shrivishnu ne use bataya ki vah jagannathpuri ke samudra tat par jaen, vahan use ek lattha milega. usi lakri se ve murti ka nirman karaen. naresh (raja) ko batai gai jagah par lakri ka lattha mil gaya. iske pashchat bhagvan shrivishnu v vishvakarma ji, barhai v murtikar ke rup men naresh ke samne upasthit hue. kintu inhonne yah shart rakhi ki ve ek mah men murti taiyar kar denge, parantu tab tak kamre men koi n ae.
mah ke antim din jab koi avaj n ai to raja ne kamre men jhanka to vah vriddh karigar dvar kholakar bahar a gaya. usne raja se kaha ki murtiyan to abhi apurn hain unke hath abhi bane nahin hain. raja ke afsos karne par murtikar ne bataya ki yah sab daivavash hua hai. aur ve murtiyan aise hi sthapit hokar purn ho jayengi. tab jagannathji, balram v subhadra ki vahi tinon murtiyan mandir men sthapit ki gain. yah dham/mandir 4 lakh varg fit men faila hai aur chardivari se ghira hai. yah bharat ke bhavyatam sthalon men se ek hai. bhagvan se juri tinon murtiyan, ek ratn mandit pashan chabutre par garbhagrih men sthapit hai. is dham ka mahatmya rath yatra hai, jo asharh shukla paksh ki dvitiya ko (jun/julai mahine men) ayojit hota hai. iske alava yahan kai varshik tyohar bhi ayojit hote hain jismen lakhon log bhag lete hain. iske darshan labh v bhakti sadhna ka fayda yah hota hai ki vyakti ko sukh-shanti, samriddhi prapt hoti hai. pap grahon ki shanti hoti hai. inki sadhna se vyakti ant men shrikrishn ko prapt hota hai. iske upar sudarshan chakra sthit hai tatha lal dhvaj iske bhitar sthit hai. is mandir ka aranbh kaling raja anant varman bhodgang dev ne karvaya tha. mandir ke jagmohan aur viman bhag inke shasnkal (1078-1147) mane bane the. fir 1197 men uriya shasak anant bhimdev ne ise vartaman rup diya tha. mandir men jagannath archana 1558 se hoti rahi hai. dvarika charane dhamon men yah dusra dham pashchim men dvarika (gujrat) men sthit hai. yah samudra tat par sthit hai tatha ise bhi aj se 5000 varsh purva shrihri ke avtar shrikrishn bhagvan ke adesh par vishvakarma ji ne basaya tha. yah char dhamon aur 7 puriyon men ek hai. iski sundrta avarnaniya hai. aj bhi dvarika ki bari mahima hai. shrikrishn ka janm mathura men hua. gokul men pale, parantu raj inhonne dvarikapuri men hi kiya.
yahin baithakar unhonne sare desh ki bagdor apne hatho men li. pandvon ko sahara diya, dharm ki sthapna karai. kans, shishupal, jarasandh, duryodhan jaise adharmiyon ka nash kiya. dvarika us jamane men bharatavarsh ki rajdhani ban gai thi. bare-bare raja yahan akar shrikrishn se salah lete the. yah am chardivari men band hai. iske andar hi sare bare-bare mandir sthit hanai.
1. gomti tirtha: ‘‘gomti-dvarika’’ bhi kahte hain. yah iske dakshin men lanba tal hai jise gomti tal kahte hain.
2. nishpap kund: ‘‘gomti talab’’ ke upar 9 ghat hain. inmen sarkari ghat ke pas ek kund hai. iska nam hi nishpap kund hai. ismen gomti ka pani bhara rahta hai. niche utrne ke lie pakki sirhiyan bani hain. yatri sabse pahle is kund men snanakar apne ko shuddh karte hain. yahan par pinddan ka bhi rivaj hai.
3. matritirtha: sangam ghat ke uttar men samudra ke upar ek or ghat hai. ise ‘‘matri-tirtha’’ kahte hain. isi ke pas ratneshvar mahadev ka mandir hai, iske age siddhanath mahadevji hain. age ek bavli hai jise ‘‘gyan-kund’’ kahte hain. iske age juniram bari hai, jismane shriram-sitaji, lakshmanaji ki murtiyan hain. iske age ‘‘kailash kanud’’ bhi hai. is kund ka pani gulabi rang ka hai. iske age suryanarayan mandir hai. iske age dvarika ka purab ki taraf ka darvaja parta hai jiske bahar jay aur vijay ki murtiyan hain. ye donon hi baikunth men bhagvan shri vishnu ke mahal ke chaikidar hain jo dvarika ke darvaje par khare unki dekhbhal karte hain. kuch dur age ‘‘gopi talab’’ parta hai. yahan ke as-pas ki jamin pili hain. talab ke andar se bhi pile rang ki hi mitti niklti hai, is mitti ko ‘‘gopimandn’’ kahte hain.
4. ranchor ji mandir: gomti ke dakshin men 5 kuen hain. nishpap kund men nahane ke bad yatri in 5 kuon ke pani se kulla karte hain. tab ranchor ji ke mandir ki or jate hain. ranchor ji ka mandir dvarika ka sabse bara aur sabse bhavya mandir hai. yah mandir sat manjila hai aur iski choti asman se batane karti hain. ranchor ji ke darshan pashchat mandir ki parikrama ki jati hai. mandir ki divar dohri hai. do divaron ke bich itni hi jagah hai ki keval ek admi sama sake. yahi parikrama ka rasta hai. is mandir ke samne 100 fit uncha jagmohan hai. iski 5 manjilen aur iske sath khanbhe hain. ranchor mandir ke pashchat iski parikrama ki jati hai. iski divarane bhi dohri hain. ranchor ji mandir ke pas hi radha, rukmini, satyabhama, jamvati ke chote-chote mandir hain.
5. shankh talab: ranchor ji ke mandir se derh mil chalakar shankh talab ata hai. is jagah bhagvan shrikrishn ne ‘‘shankh’’ namak rakshas ko mara tha. kuch hi duri par ek aur tirth ata hai yahan ‘‘jara’’ nam ke bhil ne shrikrishn ke pair men tir mara tha, jisse ve ghayal hokar param dham gaye the. is jagah ko ‘‘ban tirtha’’ kahte hain. yahan vaishakh men bahut hi bara mela lagta hai. hiranya nadi ke kinare ek sthan hai, jise ‘‘yadav sthan’’ kahte hain. yahan par ek tarah ki lanbi ghas milti hai, jiske patte chaire-chaire hote hain. yah vahi ghas hai jisko tor-tor kar yadav apas men lare the. yahi vah jagah hai, jahan ve khatm bhi hue the.
6. bet-dvarika: yah vah jagah hai jahan shrikrishn ne apne pyare bhakt narsi ki hundi bhari thi. iske darshan ke bina dvarika ka tirth pura nahin hota hai. yah kachch ki khari men chota sa tapu hai. yahan anek mandir hain. is bet dvarika ke jane ke donane raste pani v jamin hain. ismen kai talab -ranchor (sabse bara) ratn, kachaiti v shankh talab hai. yatri in talabon men nahate hain aur mandir men pushp bhi charhate hain.
7. durvasa aur trivikram (tikmji) mandir: dakshin ki taraf sath-sath uprokt donane mandir hain. tikmji darshan pashchat pradyumnaji ke darshan karte hue yatri kusheshvar bhagvan ke mandir men jate hain. mandir men ek bahut bara tahkhana hai. isi men shivling v parvati ji ki murti hai.
8. sharda math: ise adi guru shankracharya ne banvaya tha. unhonne desh ke charon kone men char math banvae the. unmen se ek sharda math bharat ke pashchim men hai.
9. jagannathpuri dham ki bhanti hi dvarika dham bhi shrikrishn rup hai. shrikrishn ne chandra grah ka ansh lekar ratri 12 baje yadav vansh men janm liya tha. chunki chandra grah ratri men bali ho jata hai atah chandravanshi kahlae.
shrikrishn ki aradhna se chandra grah bali hota hai tatha sath hi pap evan marak adi grahon ke dushprabhav dur ho jate hain. chunki shrikrishn ne bal rup man yashoda ko munh men hi pure brahman ke darshan karvaye the tatha sath hi unhonne jagh-jagah ishvariya rup bhi prakat kiye the. atah uprokt donon dhamon ki yatra se jivan men sukh-samriddhi v unnati ati hai. in donon dhamon ka darshan labh v mahatmya hai. badrinath dham yah dham bharat ki uttar disha men uttarakhand, alknanda ke kinare sthit hai. iske thik bagal men niche se uthta jharne ka garam jal mandir ki darshaniyata men char chand lagta hai. dilli se lagabhag 520 kimi. ki yatra kar badrinath dham pahuncha ja sakta hai. is dham ke darshaniya sthal - hemkund, gohna jhil, vasudhara jalaprapat, fulon ki ghati, mana ki ghati adi hain. fulon ki ghati men rangon ki anokhi bahar dekhne ko milti hai. badrinath mandir se mahaj 8 kimi. ki duri par vasudhara namak jharna hai, jahan 120 mitar ki unchai se jal girta hai. marg men mana ganv ke pas anek gufaen hain. thori hi duri par sarasvati nadi ka udgam sthan hai, jahan yah keshav prayag men alknanda se milti hai, jo vahan se 25 kimi. hai aur alknanda ka udgam sthan hai. badrinath dham ka mukhya akarshan badrinath ka mandir hai. ismen mukhya murti shri vishnu bhagvan ki hai, jo shaligram patthar par bani hui hai.
iske alava mandir men kai murtiyan bhi hain. iski raksha svayan nar-narayan karte hain. iski yatra ka sahi samay madhya aprail se madhya navanbar hai kyonki madhya navanbar se madhya aprail ke bich charon or kafi barf jami rahti hai. charane dhamon men badrinath ka pratham sthan hai. prayah 10000 fit ki unchai par kuhasa aur him chae rahte hain. sabhi mausam men tapman 100 b se kam hi rahta hai. is mandir ke dvar khulne v band hone ke samay bari dhum rahti hai. is mandir ka nirman kab hua, yah kahna mushkil hai, kintu prachin granthon men iska ullekh jarur milta hai. kabhi yah samrat ashok ke shasan kal men bauddh dharm ka puja sthal tha. bad men 8vin sadi men bhagvan shri badrinath ki ek murti mili, use adi guru shankracharya ji ne prapt kar mandir men sthapit kiya tha. is dham ki yatra ke dauran raste men haridvar ki ‘‘har ki pauri’’ ke darshan kiye ja sakte hain. aisi manyata hai ki shri hari (vishnuji) ne patthar par apne pairon ke nishan chore the. haridvar ya bhagvan ka dvar, yahan se ganga mandir ke alava pavan ganga samatal bhumi par utrti hain. lok vishvasanusar yahi vah pavitra kund hai, jismen snan karne se sare pap kat jate hain. yahan par mansha devi, maya devi, anjni devi, chandi devi adi ke bhi anek mandir hain. nimn himalay ki shivalik pahari ko torti hui jab ganga niche utrti hain to aisa lagta hai ki badrinath, kedarnath, kapil muni adi sthanane men ganga ke ye pratham thahrav the.
ise kabhi kapil sthan ke nam se bhi jana jata tha. bad men iska nam ‘‘ganga dvar’’ ho gaya. aisa vishvas kiya jata hai ki ganga dashhra ke din hi shankar bhagvan ke jatajut se nikalakar ganga ne sarvapratham dharti ka sparsh kiya tha. iske pashchat rishikesh ja sakte hain. iske alava lakshman jhula, gangotri v yamunotri, dev prayag ke bhi yahi as-pas darshan labh kar sakte hain. devaprayag se rudra prayag jakar darshan kar sakte hain. thori dur par karn prayag ke bhi darshan kar sakte hain. iska sanbandh mahabharat ke danvir patra karn se jora ja sakta hai. yahi pindari himkhand se nikalakar pindar nadi alknanda men milti hai. yahan se joshi math ja kar darshan labh le sakte hain. pratidin hajaro tirthayatri adi guru shankracharyaji ki puja karte hain. joshi math, rishikesh, ke pashchat dusra prasiddh nagar hai. joshimath se 20 kimi. ki duri par ek mahatvapurn tirthasthal govind ghat hai. jahan se tirthayatri hemkund jane ki taiyari v pushpachchadit ghati ke darshan karte hain. govind ghat se hemkund matra 17 kimi. hai. jo 14000 fit men 7 himkhandon se ghira hai. aisa kaha jata hai ki sikkhon ke guru govind sinh isi jharne ke nikat samadhisth hue the. unhonne purva jal men varshon tapasya ki thi. badrinath ke marg men pandukeshvar aur hanuman chatti milte hain. aisa mana jata hai ki hanuman chatti men kabhi hanuman thahre hue the.
kaha jata hai ki yahan par pandvon ne hanumanji ki puja ki thi. bharat ki bhumi devi-devtaon ki bhumi hai aur hamara desh ‘artha-pradhan desh’’ mana jata hai fir bhi bharat ke mul dharm ki hi visheshta hai ki usne sabhi dharmavlanbiyon ko saman dharm ki bhanti apna liya hai, islie yahan masjidon, girjaghron aur gurudvaron ke darshan yatra-tatra-sarvatra hote hain. manyataon men kuch antar avashya hai parantu mul svar paropkar, parhit aur satkarm karke moksh prapti ka hi raha hai. islie badrinath dham ke darshan ke sanbandh men ek lok vishvas in shabdon men aj bhi jivit hai-‘‘jo na jae badri, vo nahin odri’’- arthat jo badrinath ki yatra nahin kar pata, use moksh nahin milta. vaigyanik tark ko chor den to bhi is lok vishvas ko is arth men nakara nahin jana chahie ki moksha-prapti avashyak hai. moksh prapti ka arth adhyatm men bahut vyapak hai. sharir se nahin balki kam-krodh-moh-lobh adi vikaron se mukti pana. is bhav ka darshan v mahatva uprokt ke alava is bat se bhi hai ki yah aj parmatma ki dusri shakti palan har shri vishnu se juri hai. isse vyakti ke samast bure grah ke dushprabhav dur hokar jivan men shanti milti hai evan mukti ka marg to hai hi.
rameshvaram setubandh charon dhamon men yah chaitha dham rameshvaram bharat ke dakshin men tamilnadu ke ramnad jile men sthit hai. yah dvadash jyotirlingon men se ek hai. iski sthapna shrivishnu ke avtar shriram ne ki thi. shankhakar rameshvar ek dvip hai, jo ek lanbe pul dvara mukhya bhumi se jura hua hai. 151 ekar bhumi men sthit madras-rameshvaram rel marg par rameshvaram relve steshan se matra 2 kimi. ki duri par sthit mandir dravir shaili ka utkrisht udaharan hai. ise ram-nath svaminath mandir ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. ise ‘ramling’ bhi kaha jata hai. iske dahini or parvati ji ka mandir hai. pratyek shukravar ko mata-parvati ji ka shringar kiya jata hai. is mandir ke uttar men bhagvan shivlingam aur uske pas vishalakshi devi ka mandir bhi hai. ismane sheshshayi bhagvan vishnu ka mandir vishesh rup se darshaniya hai. iske samne shivji ke vahan nandi ki murti hai, jiski jibh bahar ki or nikli hai. dahini or vighneshvar ganeshji, pas hi kartikeyji, thora age bhagvan shriram ka mandir aur purva men shriram-sitaji, hanuman ji, sugriv adi ki murtiyan shilp ki drishti se atyant sundar hain. is mandir parisar men 22 kund hain. logon ka vishvas hai ki in kundon men snan karne se kai rogon se mukti mil jati hai. mandir ke purvi gopuram ke samne samudra-tat ko ‘‘agnitirtha’’ kaha jata hai. pahle agnitirth men snan kar gile vastron sahit sabhi kundon men snan kiya jata hai.
shri rameshvaram se 2 kimi. dur gandhmadan parvat’’ hai. is par bhagvan shriram ke charan ankit hain. yahan ek jharokha bhi hai. kahte hain, shriram ne isi jharokhe se lanka par akraman ke purva samudra ke vistar ko mapa tha. yahan agastya muni ka ashram bhi hai. ramnathpuram se uttara-purva nau grahon vala nav pashanam mandir bhi hai jise devi pattanam bhi kahte hain. ismen puja se navagrahon ke dushprabhav dur hote hain. rameshvaram se 2 kimi. ki duri par lakshmanatirth bhi hai. yahan par lakshmaneshvar shivmandir bhi hai. yahan se lautte samay yatri sitatirth kanud men snan karte hain tatha shriram v panchmukhi hanuman ji ke darshan labh bhi karte hain. yahan se kuch age khare jal ka ramtirth namak ek vishal sarovar hai. shukravar mandap men lakshman ke vibhinn rupon ki murtiyan darshaniya hain. is mandap men 8 stanbhon men kali kamunda, rajeshvari adi deviyon ki kalatmak murtiyan bhi dekhne yogya hanai. iske pas sthit sone-chandi ke abhushan ke bhandar ke pas shvet sangamarmar nirmit bhagvan shri vishnu ki murti hai. is murti men setubandh bhagvan shri vishnu aur mata lakshmiji ko janjiron se bandha dikhaya gaya hai. in mandiron ke alava natraj mandir, nandi mandap adi bhi darshaniya hain.
setubandh rameshvaram jyotirling ke sath ek pauranik katha bhi juri hai. iske anusar, shriram ne brahman ravan ka vadh kiya tha. brahman hatya ke pap se mukti hetu bhagvan shriram ne shivji ki aradhna karne ka sankalp kiya. iske lie unhonne hanumanji ko kailash parvat par jakar shivji se milne aur unki koi upyukt murti lane ka adesh diya. hanuman ji parvat par pahunche to koi abhisht murti n mili, iski prapti hetu unhonne vahin tapasya aranbh ki. idhar hanuman ji ko apekshit samay men n ane par shriram aur rishi-muniyon ne shubh muhurt (chandra nakshatra men, surya vrish rashi men, jyeshth shukla dashmi, budhvar ko) men sitaji dvara balu se nirmit shivling ko sthapit kiya. yah ramling ya rameshvaram ke nam se jana jata hai. kuch samay bad hanuman ji kailash se shivling lekar laute to pahle se sthapit balu shivling ko dekhakar kruddh ho gaye. inhen shant karne hetu shriram ne hanuman ji dvara laye shivling ko balu nirmit shivling ke bagal men sthapit kar diya aur kaha ki rameshvaram se purva hanuman ji dvara laye gaye sthapit shivling ki puja karenge aur aj bhi aisa ho raha hai.
hanuman ji dvara lanbe v shriram dvara sthapit shivling ko ‘‘kashi-vishvanath’’ kahte hain. kaha jata hai ki isi sthan se samudra par kar shriram ne lanka par akraman kiya tha. yahin se samudra men setu-nirman karya shuru hua tha. atah is sthan ko setubandh rameshvaram bhi kahte hain. lanka vijay ke pashchat-vibhishan ke anugrah par shriram ne dhanush ki nok se pul tor diya tha, islie is sthan ko ‘‘dhanushkoti’’ bhi rameshvaram kaha jata hai. rameshvaram men vibhinn avsron par dharmik utsav hote rahte hain. yahan janvri-farvri men parva, chaitra men devtaon ka jalabhishek, jyeshth men ramling puja, vaishakh men 10 dinon tak vasantotsav, julai-agast men prabhu-vivah (tirukalpanaon), ashvin mah men 10 dinon tak navratri parva, vijyadshmi par alankar samaroh, ashvin-kartik mah men 3 din ka kartik utsav, margashirsh (aghn) men adrra-darshan, falgun men mahashivratri parva adi bahut hi dhumdham se manae jate hain. uprokt charon dham shri vishnu ya inke avtar se jure hain. inka mahatva-hari (vishnu) anant, hari katha ananta ke anusar bhi adhik hai.