bharatavarsh vibhinn dharman evan tyoharon ka ek sundar sangam sthal hai . yahan vibhinn dharm evan tyohar apas men ekta evan bhaichara ka sandesh dete hain. adhyatmikta evan astha se jude har tyohar bharatavarsh men vibhinn rupon men manaye jate hain. tyoharon men ullas evan mahatva ke karan hi bharatavarsh ko ‘‘tyoharan ka desh bhi kaha jata hai.‘‘ inhin tyoharon men varsh ke prarabhbh men paush mah yani 14 janvri ko manaya jane vala tyauhar ‘‘ makar sankranti ‘‘ prakriti evan jivan se juda hua astha evan adhyatmik shanti ka pratik hinduon ka ek mahatvapurn parva hai . bharatavarsh men makar sankranti ka tyauhar pure ullas evan harsh ke sath alg-alag dhang se manaya jata hai . dakshin men ‘‘pongl‘‘ panjab men ‘‘ lohdi ‘‘ uttar pradesh men ‘‘khichdi‘‘ tatha gujrat men ‘‘uttarayn‘‘ parva ke rup men manaya jata hai . sabhi jagah manaye jane vale in tyauharon ki astha evan shradva surya, ganga evan prakriti se judi huyi hai. makar sankranti ka tyauhar vasant ke agaman evan naye paidavar evan ann ke suchak evan svagat ka samay hota hai. paush mahine men bhagvan surya jab makar rashi men pravesh karte hain sath hi surya dakshinayan se uttarayan hote han to yah tyauhar evan samay shubh karya arabhbh hone ka sanket deta hai. kaha jata hai ki bhagvan surya apne putra shani ke ghar yani makar rashi men ate hain to hinduon men puja, archana, evan snan ka kafi mahatva hota hai
. is din surya puja, ganga snan , dan evan til, lai ,khichdi khane ka rivaj evan parampara hai . pran urja dayak surya evan jivndayini ganga ki puja evan snan ko is din mahasnan evan mokshadayak mana gaya hai. aisi manyata hai ki mahabharat kal men bhishmapitamah ne surya uttarayan hone par hi apna sharir tyaga tha. is din surya ko adhrya dene ki mahatta nimn shlok men nihit hai. ‘‘ ehi surya sahasranshon tejo rashe jagatpate. anukampay man bhaktya grihanadhrya namo'stute .. makar sankranti ka tyauhar pratyek vyakti ko ishvar evan prakriti ke bich ke rishte ko majbuti pradan karne evan abhar pradarshit karne ka avasar pradan karta hai . pure desh men alg- alag prantan men alag - alag dhang se manaye jane vale is tyauhar ke piche mukhya uddeshya ekta, samanta evan vishvas hai. is din desh ke pramukh tirth sthalan visheshakar gangatat par hajaron shradvalu ganga snan karte han, surya ko adhrya dete hain tatha dan-puja kar til, gud evan chuda-dahi evan khichdi khate hain. is din mauj-masti ke rup men jagh-jagah patangbaji evan gilli-dande ka bhi khel khela jata hai . ann puja, gau puja evan dan - snan ko is din vishesh mahattva ke sath kiya jata hai. is tyauhar ke din bachche se budhe tak sabhi ganga ya nadi men snan kar tyauhar ka anand uthate hai. surya evan moksh dayini pavitra ganga ke prakritik evan adhyatmik sanbandhon ko bal deta hua yah parva hinduon ke shradva evan bhakti ko bhi majbuti pradan karta hai. aisi manyata hai ki isi din ganga ka avataran dharti par hua tha . dharmik manyataon men is din brahm muhutrt men ganga ya kisi nadi men snan kar surya aradhna karne ki bat batayi gayi hai . man gange ka ahvan kar bhi kisi jalashay , talab men snan vidhi batayi gai hai jo nimn ganga ahvan shlok men nihit hai . ‘‘ nandini nalini sita malti ch mahapga . vishnupadabjasabhbhuta ganga tripthgamini .. bhagirthi bhogvti jahnavi tridsheshvari. dvadshaitani namani yatra yatra jalashye .. snanodhtah smerannityan tatra tatra vasamyaham .. prayag ki triveni (ganga-yamuna-sarasvati ka sangm) men makar sankranti tatha kunbh parva men kiya hua snan atyant faldayak hai. uski ihlaukik v parlaukik kamnayen purn ho jati hain. manushya dhani aur dirdhajivi hota hai. ‘‘dhaniko dirghajivi ch jayte natra sanshyah.’’ prayag tirthon ka raja hai. yahan pavitra triveni, veni-madhav, somnath, bharadvaj muni ka ashram, vasukinath, akshay vat evan sheshnath sthan hain. makar rashi ke surya men yahan lakhon yatri ekatra hokar snan-dan karke apne kayik, vachik, mansik papon se mukt hokar parlok ka marg prashast karte hain. makar sankranti se hi sahastron log prayag men akar ek mahine ka kalpavas karte hain. makar ka svami shani hota hai aur shani surya men putra-pita ka sanbandh hai, donon ka paraspar virodh bhi hai. parantu grahon ki gati men parivartan ka koi prashn upasthit nahin hota. shani marak tattva hai. uttarayan men pravesh ke samay surya ka prabhav gangasagar tatha prayag men vishesh mahatva ka hota hai. is din snan, jap, dan tatha dharmik anushthanon ka vishesh mahatva hota hai. yahan surya ki sidhi kirnen prithvi par padti hain jiske falasvarup praniyon ke antargat nihit marak tattva ka prabhav kam hokar praniyon ko jivan dan milta hai. ganga vaise bhi jivan dayini hai, surya usse bhi adhik pranvan hai. surya gyan ka pratik hai, shani vairagya ka aur ganga bhakti ka. tinon shaktiyan milakar praniyon ko urja pradan karti hain. yahi karan hai ki makar sankranti se ek mah tak prayag men rahakar ‘‘bhakti gyan viragapto’’ bhakti gyan-vairagya se manv-matra nayi sfurti v chetna shakti prapt karte hain. uttarayan surya men din bade ratri choti evan dakshinayan surya men din chote tatha ratri badi hoti hai. is parva par til ka vishesh mahattva mana gaya hai atah. tilasnayi tiloddharti tilhomi tilodki. tilbhuk tildata ch shattila papnashnaah.. iti .. 1. tilon ke jal se snan karen (2) pise hue tilon se ubatan karen, (3) tilon ka havan karen, (4) tilon se tarpan karen, (5) tilon ke bane (modak, barfi ya tilksri) padarthon ka bhojan evan mil mishrit jal ka sevan karen evan (6) tilon ka dan karen to sanpurn papon ka nash ho jata hai. is din ghrit aur kanbal vastradi ke dan ka bhi vishesh mahattva hai. hemadri men skandapuran ka mat hai ki - jo manushya til ki dhenu ka dan karta hai vah sab ichchaon ko prapt hota hua param sukh ka labh prapt karta hai. vishnu dharm men - utre tvayne vipra vastradanan mahaflan. tilpurnamanadvahan datva rogaiah pramuchyate.. uttarayan makar sankranti par vastra dan karna mahafal ko dene vala hai tatha til se purn bail ko dene se rogon se chutkara pata hai. shiv mandir men uttam til ke tel ka dipak jalana kalyankari hai. makar ki sankranti men lakdiyon ke aur agni ke dan ka vishesh fal hai-‘‘jhash praveshe darunan danamagnestathaiv cha’’.. sankranti men jagaran se svarg lok ki prapti hoti hai. yadi koi bhi sankranti amavasya men ho to shiv-surya pujan se svarg prapti hoti hai. makar sankranti men pratahkal snan karke shiv ki archana karni chahie. udyapan men battis pal svarn ka dan dekar vah sanpurn papon se mukt ho jata hai. sankranti ke din yadi ravivar ho to use ‘aditya hridy’ mana gaya hai. is din natt vrat karke manushya sab kuch pa leta hai. ‘‘ayne vishuve chaiv triratro- poshito narah. snatva yastvarchayedanun sarvakamflan labhet.’’ arthat dakshinayan aur uttarayan men tatha vishuv (mesh aur tula) ki sankranti men jo prani tin rat upvas tatha snan kar shri surya ka pujan karta hai, uske sare manorath purn hote hain. ‘‘makre ratravpi shraddhadi bhavtityuktan prak’’ - arthat makar ki sankranti men ratri men bhi shraddhadi hote hain. sabhi sankrantiyon se makar sankranti ka punya kal bhi adhik hota hai. yatha-mesh v tula ki sankranti men pahle (purva) v bad men dash-dash ghadi, vrish-sinh vrishchik evan kunbh ki sankranti men purva solah ghadi, mithun-kanya-dhanu evan min ki sankranti men purva solah ghadi, mithun-kanya-dhanu evan min ki sankranti men bad ki solah ghadi, kark ki sankranti men pahle tis ghadi tatha makar ki sankranti men bad ki chalis ghadi punyakal ka samay hota hai. (hemadri mat) - samanya rup se sabhi sankrantiyon ka par v bad men 16-16 ghadi ka punyakal bhi hota hai. ratri men sankranti ane se punyakal vidhan men antar a jata hai. madhviya men jabalika ne kaha hai ki makar ki sankranti men bis ghadi purva aur bis ghadi bad punyakal hota hai. ayan sankrantiyon men hi ratri men snan shraddhadi ka vidhan hai anya sankrantiyon men nahin. lok giton men bhi magh makar ki mahatta ka udaharan milta hai. ‘‘maghhin makar nahayeun agini nahin tapenv hon. pyare din motiyan ke dan tahi se lal sundar hon.’’ mata yashoda ne krishn ko putra rup men pane ke lie bhi isi makar sankranti ko vrat kiya tha. is din jagh-jagah melon ka bhi ayojan hota hai. is parva par snan n karne vala sat janm tak rogi v nirdhan rahta hai. santan rahit vyakti ko upvas karna chahie. santan vale ko upvas nishedh hai. nishkarsh yahi niklta hai ki makar sankranti ka parva uprokt tathyon se adhik mahattva ka hai atah is din tirthon men jakar snan-dan-jap avashya karen. din-dukhiyon, bhikshukon, atithiyon, santon tatha brahmanon ko anekanek prakar ki vastuen dekar unhen santusht karen, ashirvad prapt karen tatha dev mandiron men jakar brahmanon ko vastradi dekar dev darshan karen to nishchay hi sanpurn akankshaon ki purti hoti hai, tritapon (daihik-daivik-bhautik) ka nash hota hai tatha sanpurn bhogon ko bhogta hua uttarayan marg se vaikunth lok ko prapt karta hai.
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