ab, mangal ki dharti par  

ab, mangal ki dharti par kalpana tivari shastron men kaha gaya hai ki saur mandal men sthit sabhi grah sajiv hain tatha prithvi par hone vali ghatnaon evan yahan sthit manav jivan ko prabhavit karte hain. saur mandal men sthit vibhinn grahon men se mangal hi vah pahla grah hai jahan par vaigyanikon ne khoj aranbh ki hai tatha is khoj se dhire-dhire yah pata chal raha hai ki mangal grah par jivan ho sakta hai kyonki vahan par jal hone ke sanket mile hain. shastron men mangal ko bhumi putra kaha jata hai. prithvi grah ki pramukh visheshta yahan par sthit vibhinn jivan rup hain. prakriti ke jin panch tatvon ke bina jivan ki kalpana bhi nahin ki ja sakti hai un sabhi tatvon ka bhumi putra mangal par milna adhik ashcharyajanak nahin hai. 6 agast ki sham ko antarrashtriya manak samay 5.31 baje jo ki rediyo siganal ka mangal grah se prithvi tak pahunchne ka van ve lait samay hai, nasa dvara bheja gaya rovar namak yan mangal grah par saflta se utar gaya. yah yan prithvi se mangal grah ke bich ki lagabhag 3500 lakh kimi ki duri 8 mah men puri karke mangal grah par pahuncha. yah mangal grah ki satah par nasa dvara bheja gaya satvan yan hai. yah yan 26 navanbar 2011 ko amerika ke florida shahar men sthit kep kenevaral eyar fors steshan ke antriksh prekshan viman 41 se prakshepit kiya gaya tha. yah yan lagabhag 2.6 biliyan dalar ki lagat se banakar taiyar hua hai jo ki mangal grah par 687 saur-divas yani lagabhag 2 varsh tak karyarat rahega. nasa ne is yan ko kyuriyositi nam diya hai. nasa dvara mangal ki satah par kyuriyositi yan ko bheje jane vale sanpurn mishan ko mars sains leb (em es el) ka nam diya gaya hai. is yan ki pramukh visheshtaen is prakar hanai: is yan ka vajan lagabhag 900 kilogram hai tatha iska pramukh udeshya mangal ki satah par jivan ke lie avashyak tatvon ki khoj karna hai. isse pahle nasa ne ‘spirit’ evan ‘aparchuniti’ namak do yan mangal grah ki satah par sthapit kiye the jinmen se ‘aparchuniti’ abhi tak karyarat hai. kyuriyositi yan in donon yanon se doguna lanba evan panch guna bhari hai tatha lagabhag das guna adhik vaigyanik upkrnon se yukt hain. yah ek choti kar ke akar ka hai jiske ch pahiye hain. is yan men das vaigyanik upakaran hain jinka vajan lagabhag 75 kilo hai jabki pahle ke yanon men keval 5 vaigyanik upakaran the jinka vajan keval panch kilo tha. vartaman yan men do kanpyutar hain. ek samay men ek hi kanpyutar karyarat rahega jabki dusra kanpyutar atirikt kanpyutar ke rup men upalabdh rahega. ismen atyadhunik rediyeshan ditektar bhi lagaya gaya hai jo ki mangal grah par vibhinn vikirnon jaise ki sarfes rediyeshan, kasmik rediyeshan, solar proton ivent tatha sekendari nyutran ka pata lagaega. yah ditektar yan ke andar tatha yan ke bahar parne vale in rediyeshnon ke prabhavon ka bhi vistrit adhyayan karega. isse prapt hone vali jankari bhavishya men manav ko mangal grah par bhejne ke nirnay men bahut upyogi sabit ho sakti hai. kyuriyositi men 17 kaimre hain tatha yah yan mausam parivartan ke adhyayan ke atyadhunik upkrnon se yukt hai. is yan men ek choti rasaynik prayogshala bhi hai jiska uddeshya mangal grah par sthit chattanon evan mitti ke sainpal lekar unka parikshan karna hai. is yan men ek lejar gan bhi hai jo ki 23 fit ki duri se kisi bhi chattan men lejar kirnon ki sahayta se spark ya chingari utpann kar sakti hai. is chingari ki ‘spaiktram imej’ janchne ke liye ismen ek vishisht teliskop bhi hai jiski sahayta se mangal grah par sthit chattanon ki rasaynik sanrchna ki janch men mahatvapurn sahyog milega. ismen ek robotik arm bhi hai jo ki chattan men dril ya ched kar sakta hai tatha vahan se sainpal le sakta hai. ismen ek maignifaing imejar bhi hai jo ki ek bal se bhi sukshm vastu ka vishleshan kar sakta hai. isi ’maignifaing imejr’ ki sahayta se chattanon se lie gaye sainplon ka sukshm vishleshan kiya jaega. yan ka parikshan kshetra: yah nasa dvara mangal grah par ab tak bheje gae yanon men se sarvadhik vajan vala yan hai tatha sabse adhik lagat se bana hai. yah yan mangal grah ki bhumadhya rekha ke pas isse lagabhag 4.6 dakshin akshansh ki duri par utara gaya hai. is sthan par ek gaddha hai jise nasa ne ‘gel kretar ka nam diya hai. ‘kyuriyositi’ isi ‘gel kretr’ men sthit ek tile ke pas utara gaya hai. ‘yah tila lagabhag 18,000 fit uncha hai tatha ‘kyuriyositi’ ke utrne ke sthan se lagabhag 7.5 mil ki duri par hai. is tile ko nasa ne ‘bes maunt sharpa’ ka nam diya hai. is rovar yan ke parikshan ka pramukh kendra yahi ‘maunt sharp hai. nasa ke vaigyanikon ka manna hai ki is kretar men kabhi pani raha hoga tatha is kretar ki divaron ke pani ke karan pighlne se hi is kretar ke madhya men dhire-dhire ek tile ka nirman ho gaya hai. atah is tile ki vibhinn sathon ka adhyayan karke mangal grah ke itihas ke bare men mahatvapurn jankari mil sakti hai. is yan ke mukhya uddeshya mangal grah ki satah par ‘minrolojikal kampojishn’ evan ‘jiyolojikal maitiriyal’ ka adhyayan karna. jivan ke avashyak tatvon ka mangal grah par pata lagana. mangal grah par sthit chattanon ke nirman evan punah nirman ki prakriya ka adhyayan karna. mangal grah ke vartaman vatavaran evan bhutkal men ismen hue parivartanon ka adhyayan karna. mangal grah par hone vale ‘sarfes rediyeshn’, kasmik rediyeshan, solar proton ivent evan ‘saikendari nyutran’ ka pata lagana. yan ke andar evan bahar in vikirnon se hone vale prabhavon ka adhyayan karna jiske adhar par mangal grah par manav ko bhejne ka nirnay liya jayega. sevan minits tairr: is yan ne mangal grah ke vatavaran men pravesh karne ke pashchat mangal grah ki satah par utrne men lagabhag 7 minat ka samay lagaya tha. is yan ka mangal grah ke vatavaran men pravesh, vahan se mangal grah ki satah ki or niche jana tatha mangal grah ki satah par utrna bhi atyadhik romanchak tha. nasa ke vaigyanikon ne is puri prakriya ko ‘sevan minits tairr’ ka nam diya tha. mars sains laib ke prithvi se mangal tak ki yatra ke 3 pramukh ayam hain. 1. krus stej: jismen em es el ki prithvi se mangal grah tak ki antriksh yatra ko niyantrit kiya gaya. is dauran is yan men sthit kyuriyositi rovar ki suraksha ke lie is yan men sthit tharmostet sistam ke madhyam se ‘hiting evan kuling’ sistam ko avashyakta ke anusar chalaya evan band kiya gaya. is yan ki antriksh men chalne ki disha isme lage hue star skainar sistama’’ ke madhyam se niyantrit ki gai. is ‘star skainar sistam ke madhyam se is yan ne antriksh men sthit vibhinn taron ki sthiti ke adhar par antriksh men apna rasta banate hue prithvi se mangal grah ke bich ki duri tay ki. mangal grah ke vatavaran ke pas pahunchne ke pashchat is krus stejyan ne iske andarasthit ‘eroshail’ ko jismen rovar, kyuriyositi band tha, ek kebal katar ke madhyam se alag kar diya. 2. is eyroshail ne jaise hi mangal grah ke vatavaran men pravesh kiya iski gati 13,500 kimi prati ghanta ho gai jo ki dhvani ki gati se bhi 17 guna adhik hai. aisa mangal grah ke gurutvakarshan ke prabhav se hua tha. tatha ise mangal grah ke vatavaran men pravisht hone ke pashchat atyadhik garmi ka bhi samna karna para. iski gati ko eyroshail se pahle se hi jure suprsonik pairashut ne khulakar niyantrit kiya tatha atyadhik garmi se ise is ‘eyroshail’ ke agrabhag men sthit ‘hit shilda’ ne bachaya. pairashut khulne ke pashchat iski gati 200 kimi prati ghanta ho gai tatha iske pashchat eroshail ke agra bhag men sthit ‘hit shilda’ svatah hi alag ho gaya. 3. iske pashchat is ‘eroshail’ men sthit ‘skaikren’ ki sahayta se jisse ki rovar kyuriyositi tin kebal ki sahayta se jura hua tha is rovar kyurisiti yan ko mangal grah ki satah par utara gaya. ise kren se utarte samay kuch nyukliyar pavar se yukt raeket bhi skai kren se chore gaye jisse iske samanantar bahne vali hava se iski raksha ki ja sake tatha ise purva nirdharit sthan par utara ja sake. kyuriyositi yan lagabhag 2 varsh tak mangal grah ki satah par karya karega. di hindu akhbar men 23 agast 2012 ke ek samachar ke anusar kyuriyositi yan dvara bheje gae chitron men mangal grah ki satah par ek vichitra roshni dekhi gai tatha kuch chitron men mangal grah ke akash men char dhundhli akritiyan bhi dekhi gai hai. yadyapi nasa ki or se is sanbandh men aur adhik spashtikaran nahin aya hai. parantu eliyans ke bare men shodh karne vale logon ka kahna hai ki ye dhundhli akritiyan eliyans ke yan hain tatha yah roshni in hi yanon se a rahi hai jiske madhyam se ye mangal grah ki satah par rovar kyuriyositi ki gatividhiyon par nigrani rakh rahe hain.