shastron men manushya par tin prakar ke rin kahe gae hain. dev rin, rishi rin v pitri rin. ismen se pitri rin ke nivaran ke lie pitri yagya ka varnan kiya gaya hai. pitri yagya ka dusra nam hi shraddh karm hai. shraddhayan idam shraddh. arthat pitron ke uddeshya se jo karm shraddhapurvak kiya jae, vahi shraddh hai. maharshi brihaspati ke anusar jis karm vishesh men achchi prakar se pakae hue uttam vyanjan ko dugdh, ghrit aur shahad ke sath shraddhapurvak pitron ke uddeshya se brahmanadi ko pradan kiya jae vahi shraddh hai. bhartiya sanskriti men mata pita ko devta tulya mana jata hai. islie shastra vachan hai ki pitron ke prasann hone par sare dev prasann ho jate hain. brahmapuran ke anusar shraddhapurvak shraddh karne vala manushya apne pitron ke alava brahm, rudra, ashvini kumar, surya, agni, vayu, vishvedev evan manushyagan ko bhi prasann kar deta hai. mrityu ke pashchat hamara sthul sharir to yahin rah jata hai parantu sukshm sharir yani atma manushya ke shubhashubh karmon ke anusar kisi lok vishesh ko jati hai. shubh karmon se yukt atma apne prakash ke karan brahmalok, vishnulok evan svargalok ko jati hai parantu papakarm yukt atma pitrilok ki or jati hai. is yatra men unhen bhi shakti ki avashyakta hoti hai jinki purti ham pind dan dvara karte hain. kaise janen pitririn evan pitridosh? santan ki utpatti men gunsutra ka atyadhik mahatva hai. inhin gunsutron ke alg-alag sanyog se putra evan putri ki prapti hoti hai. shastron men putra ko shraddh karm ka adhikari mana gaya hai. pita ke shukranu se jivatma mata ke garbh men pravesh karti hai. us jivansh men 84 ansh hote hain jismen 28 ansh purush arthat pita ke hote hain. ye 28 ansh pita ke svayan ke uparjit hote hain evan shesh ansh purva purushon ke hote hain. usmen 21 ansh pita, 15 ansh pitamah ke, 10 ansh prapitamah ke, 6 ansh chaturth purush, 3 ansh pancham purush v 1 ansh shashth purush ka hota hai. is prakar sat pidhiyon tak ke sabhi purvajon ke rakt ka ansh hamare sharir men vidyaman hone se ham apne purvajon ke rini hain arthat ham par pitri rin rahta hai. islie unko pinddan karna chahie. pitridosh hone par parivarjnon ko vichitra prakar ki ghatnaon ka samna karna padta hai. aise parivar men rog ka prakop bana rahta hai. kisi ek ke svasth hone par dusra bimar ho jata hai. kai bar rog ka pata hi nahin chal pata. rogi ko thodi rahat mahsus hoti hai fir rog ka punah prakop hota rahta hai. kai bar inke karya vyavsay men bhi avrodh ki sthiti banakar ghata uthana padta hai. inke parivar men bhi matbhed ki sthiti banti hai. apas men kalah ke karan jivan tanavpurn ho jata hai. in sabhi prakar ki apratyashit ghatnaon ke piche pitridosh hi mukhya rup se hota hai. iski jankari janmapatrika evan prashn kundali ke dvara jan sakte hain. brihaspati ko mukhya rup se iske lie jimmedar mana jata hai. yadi janmang men brihaspati nirbal, ashubh, vakri, ast hokar sthit ho to us jatak ke pitar usse aprasann rahte hain. aise jatak ko kis pitar ke prakop ke karan is prakar ki pareshaniyan a rahi hain iske lie prashnakundali ke ashtak evan dvadash bhav men sthit grah se pata lagaya ja sakta hai. pratyek grah ko kisi n kisi rishtedar ka pratinidhi mana jata hai. ismen surya pita ka karak, chandra ko mata, mangal ko chota bhai, budh ko bahan, bua, mausi, brihaspati ko bade bhai evan shukra ko patni ka karak mana jata hai. rahu evan ketu ko pret yoni men gae pitron ka pratinidhi mana jata hai. shraddh paksh men shanti ka vaigyanik evan shastriya mahatva siddhant shiramni ke anusar pitrilok chandrama ke upar sthit hai. jab surya kanya rashi men sthit hota hai tab chandra prithvi ke sabse jyada samip sthit hota hai. islie is samay hamare pitar jo vayviya sharir dharan kie hue hain prithvi lok par akar tarpan v pinddan ki asha karte hain. yah samay ashvin mas ka krishn paksh hota hai. is samay shit ritu ka prarambh hota hai. islie chandrama par rahne vale pitron ke lie yah samay anukul rahta hai. prithvi lok ka ek mas chandra ka ek ahoratra hota hai v ashtami ko is din ka uday hota hai. islie chandra ke udhrva bhag par nivas karne vale pitron ke lie ashvin krishn paksh uttam rahta hai. hindu dharm shastron ke anusar hamara sharir 27 prakar ke tatvon se bana hota hai. ismen se das tatva sthul rup men panch mahabhut, agni, prithvi, vayu, jal evan akash evan panch karmendriyan hain. shesh satrah tatva sukshm sharir ka nirman karti hai. mrityu hone par sthul sharir ka astitva to samapt ho jata hai parantu sukshm sharir ka astitva is sansar men bana rahta hai. mrityu ke pashchat dakshagatra evan shodshir sapindan tak mrit vyakti pret sangya men rahta hai. iske pashchat vah pitron men sammilit ho jata hai. yah sukshm sharir ashakti ke karan apne parivar ke nikat hi bhatkta rahta hai. jivan men pratyek vyakti ki kuch ichchaen adhuri rah jati hain. inhin ichchaon ki purti ke lie vah bhatkta rahta hai. vishesh rup se shraddh paksh men pitrilok se vayviya rup men prithvi par shraddh sthal par upasthit hote hain evan brahmanon ke sath vayu rup men bhojan grahan karte hain. markandey puran ke anusar jis parivar men shraddh karm nahin hota vahan duahkh, klesh evan rogon ka prakop hota hai. inhen kai prakar ki pareshaniyon ka samna karna padta hai. aise nastik purushon ke pitar pyas se vyakul hokar deh se niklne vale apvitra jal se pyas bujhate hain. in nastik logan ke bare men aditya puran men to kaha gaya hai ki inke atript pitar inka hi rakt pine ko vivash hote hain. shraddh kal ke pashchat pitar apne-apne lok ko chale jate hain. shraddh men amavasya ka mahatva amavasya ka apna alag hi mahatva hai. ise sarva pitri amavasya bhi kahte hain. jis tithi vishesh ko kisi ki mrityu hoti hai uske parivarijan us tithi vishesh ko shraddh karte hain. lekin mritak ki tithi ka pata nahin hone par amavasya ke din uska shraddh kiya ja sakta hai. iska mukhya karan yah hai ki surya ki sahastra kirnon men se abha namak kiran mukhya hai jiske tej se surya samast lokon ko prakashit karta hai. isi abha men tithi vishesh ko chandra nivas kahte hain. islie amavasya ka apna vishesh mahatva hai. akhir kaise pahunchta hai pitron tak shraddh ka bhojan ? shraddh kal men parivarjnon dvara die jane vale havya-kavya padarth akhir kaise prapt hote hain yah ek vicharniya prashn hai. shastron ke anusar manushya apne karm ke anusar vibhinn prakar ke falon ka bhog karta hai. inhin karmon ke anusar use mrityu ke pashchat koi yoni prapt hoti hai. karmafalon ke anusar hi use svarg, narak evan punarjanm ki prapti hoti hai. shastron men varnit hai ki shraddhakarta ke tin pidhiyon tak ke pitron ko shit, tapan, bhukh evan pyas ka anubhav hota hai. par svayan karm n kar sakne ke karan ve apni bhukh-pyas mita sakne man asamarth hote hain. isi karan srishti ke adi se hi shraddh ka vidhan prachalan men hai. shraddh kal men yamraj pret evan pitron ko vayu rup men prithvi lok par jane ki anumti dete hain taki ve shraddh bhag grahan kar saken. devlok v pitar lok ke pitar to shraddh kal men amantrit brahman ke sharir men sthit hokar apna bhag grahan kar lete hain parantu jo pitar kisi anya yoni men janm le chuke hain ve apna bhag divya pitar se grahan karte hain. ye divya pitar unhen apni yoni ke anusar bhog prapti karakar tript karte hain. shraddh men pitar ke nam, gotra evan mantra ka uchcharan karne se shraddh bhag sanbandhit pitar apni yoni ke anusar prapt ho jata hai. apne shubh karmon ke anusar jo pitar dev yoni ko prapt karte hain unhen amrit evan gandh rup mane prapt hota hai. shraddh mane jo ann prithvi par girta hai usse pishach yoni men sthit pitar tript hote hain. inhen rudhir rup men bhi bhojan prapt hota hai. snan karne se bhigne vale vastron se jo jal dharti par girta hai usse vriksh yoni men gae pitar tript hote hain. gandharva lok prapt hone par bhogya rup men, yaksh yoni prapt hone par pey rup men evan danav yoni men gae pitron ko mans ke rup men bhojan prapt hota hai. inhin pitron ke ashirvad se shraddh ka bhag grahan kar shraddh kal samapt hone par pitar apne lok ko vapas chale jate hain. inhin pitron ke ashirvad se shraddhakarta ko sukh, sampatti, yash evan rajya ki prapti bhi hoti hai parantu shraddh nahin karne vale manushyon ke pitar atript hokar dirgh shvas chodte hue shraddh kal ke pashchat shap dekar apne lok ko laut jate hain. isi karan inhen kai prakar ki pareshaniyon ka samna karna padta hai. kis tithi par kiska shraddh karen? bhartiya sanskriti ke anusar pitripaksh men tarpan v shraddh karne se pitar ashirvad pradan karte hain jisse hamare ghar men sukh-shanti evan samriddhi bani rahti hai. hindu panchang ke anusar varsh men jis tithi ko kisi pitar ki mrityu hui, pitri paksh men usi tithi ko us pitar ke nimitt shraddh sampann karte hain. kai bar kisi pitar ki mrityu tithi yad nahin rahti. us pitar ke lie bhi vishesh tithi batai gai hai, us vishesh tithi men us pitar ka shraddh karne se uski atma ko shanti prapt hoti hai. ye pramukh tithiyan is prakar hain- ashvin krishn pratipda- yah tithi nana-nani ke shraddh ke lie uttam mani gai hai. ashvin krishn panchmi- is tithi men parivar ke un pitron ka shraddh karna chahie jinki avivahit avastha men hi mrityu hui ho. ashvin krishn navmi- yah tithi mata evan parivar ki anya mahilaon ke shraddh ke lie uttam mani gai hai. ekadshi v dvadshi- ashvini krishn ekadshi v dvadshi ko un pitron ka shraddh kiya jata hai jinhonne sannyas le liya ho. ashvin krishn chaturdashi- is tithi ko un pitron ka shraddh kiya jata hai jinki akal mrityu hui ho. ashvin krishn amavasya- is tithi ko sarva pitri amavasya bhi kahte hain. is din sabhi pitron ka shraddh kiya jata hai. shraddh men kyon karate hain kauon ko bhojan ? shraddh paksh men pitron ko prasann karne ke lie shraddha se pakvan banakar apne pitron ko bhog arpit karte hain. is samay kauon ko bulakar bhi prachin samay se hi shraddh ka bhojan karate a rahe hain. bhartiya sanskriti ki manyata hai ki hamare pitar vayviya rup men upasthit hokar shraddh bhojan se tript hokar hamen ashirvad pradan karte hain. hamare dharmashastron ne kaue ko devputra mana hai. gaya shraddh ko sarvashreshth kyon mana jata hai ? pitri paksh men gaya men shraddh karne ke lie logon ki bhid umad padti hai. yahan shraddh karne se pitron ko moksh ki prapti ho jati hai aisi manyata hai. is manyata ke piche bhi dharmik karan hain. hamare dharmashastron ke anusar prachin kal men gayasur nam ka shaktishali asur bhagvan vishnu ka param bhakt tha. uski tapasya se sabhi devagan chintit hokar bhagvan vishnu ke pas gae. bhagvan vishnu sabhi devgnon ko lekar gayasur ke pas uski tapasya bhang karne ke lie gae evan bhagvan ne prasann hokar gayasur se vardan mangne ke lie kaha. is par gayasur ne svayan ko devi devtaon se bhi adhik pavitra hone ka vardan manga. bhagvan ne tathastu kah diya. isse aisi sthiti ho gai ki ghor papi bhi gayasur ke darshan v sparsh se svarg lok jane lage. is par dharmaraj chintit hue. unki is dasha ko dekhte hue devtaon ne chalpurvak ek yojna banai jismen yagya ke nam par gayasur se sanpurn sharir mang liya. gayasur is prastav ko svikar kar uttar ki taraf panv evan dakshin ki or mukh kar let gaya. uska sharir panch kos men faila hua tha islie us kshetra ka nam gaya pad gaya. gayasur ke punya prabhav ke karan vah tirth kshetra ban gaya. vahan par pindadan karne se pitron ki atma ko shanti evan svarg prapti ki manyata ke karan hi gaya shraddh ko sarvashreshth mana jata hai. yahan par vishnupad mandir, falgu nadi ke kinare akshay vat, nagkund, pandushila, naukut, brahmayoni, vaitrni, manglagauri, ramkund, sitakund, ramshila, pretshila adi sthanon par pinddan karna shreshth mana jata hai. kaise karen shraddh ? bhadrapad shukla purnima se ashvin krishn amavasya tak ke solah din ko shraddh kal athva pitri paksh kaha jata hai. is samay pitron ki atma ki shanti ke lie shraddh karm karne ka vidhan prachin kal se hi chala a raha hai. shraddh kal men pitron ko tarpan evan pinddan karne se ve prasann hokar ashirvad dete hain jisse hamare ghar men sukh-shanti evan samriddhi bani rahti hai. shraddh kal men bina dakshina ke shraddh vyarth mana jata hai. fir bhi samathrya nahin hone par kale til v jal arpit karne se bhi pitar tript evan prasann hokar ashirvad pradan karte hain. shraddh kal men pinddan v narayan bali bhi apni samathrya ke anusar log karte hain. shraddh kal men in mantron ka jap karna pitridosh se shanti karta hai. inhen shraddh kal men pratidin 108 bar jap karna chahie- mantra- un sarva pitri panr prasannon bhav un.. un hmen klin en sarva pitribhyo svatm siddhaye un fat.. shraddh men kin baton ka rakhen dhyan pitron ki atma ki shanti hetu shraddh karm ka vishesh mahatva hai. shraddh karm men apko nimn baton ka vishesh dhyan rakhna chahie jisse pitrjnon ki atma ko shanti pradan ho evan apko shubhflon ki prapti ho sake. 1- shraddh ke din brahmacharya ka palan karna chahie. shraddhakarta ko tan evan man donon se pavitra rahna chahie. 2- shraddh men mama, bhanja, guru, sasur, nana, jamata, dauhitra, vadhu, ritvigya evan yagyakarta adi ko bhojan karana shubh rahta hai. 3- pitron ko sone, chandi evan tanbe ke bartan atyant priya hain. islie jahan tak sanbhav ho inke bartanon men bhojan karaen anyatha dona-pattal men bhojan karaen lohe evan lohe ke ansh vale bartan men bhojan n karaen. 4- shraddhapindon ko gau, brahman ya bakri ko khilana chahie. 5- shraddh karm men gehun, manug, jau, dhan, anvla, chiraunji, ber, matar, til, am, bel, sarson ka tel adi ka prayog karna shubh rahta hai. 6- shraddhakarta ko pan sevan, tel malish, paraye ann ka sevan nahin karana chahie. 7- shraddh men shrikhand, chandan, khas, karpur ka prayog karna chahie. 8- shraddh men kamal, malti, juhi, champa, tulsi ka prayog uttam rahta hai. jabki belapatra, kadamb, maulsiri adi ka prayog nahin karna chahie. 9- shraddh men bhojan ke samay vartalap nahin karna chahie.
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